Stamps
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Abélyegek képének közkincs-státuszúnak vagy szabad licencűnek kell lennie a Wikimédia Commonsra való feltölthetőség érdekében.
A bélyegekkel kapcsolatos szerzői jogi szabályok országonként változnak; egyes esetekben kormányzati alkotásként nem jogvédettek, viszont más, nem szerzői jogi korlátozás vonatkozhat a felhasználásukra. Egyes esetekben a bélyegek kormányzati vagy céges alkotásként a kibocsátás után 50 évig jogvédettek. A védelmi idő alapja lehet a tervezők halála, és lehet, hogy az utolsó szerző halálától számított 70. évig tart.
Ezen lap célja a bélyegek jogállásával kapcsolatos információk átadása. A tartalom az egyes országok szabályait leíró oldalakról van beillesztve.
Lásd még: Commons:Stamps/Public domain templates
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Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Albania
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Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Antigua and Barbuda
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Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Argentina
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Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Australia
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Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Austria
use {{PD-AZ-exempt}}
An exception is File:1995 John Lennon..jpg.
. No Bangladeshi stamps might be uploaded before 2032 because the first stamps were issued on 29 July 1971 and the copyright term for government works is 60 years from publication. The 1971 stamps might be uploaded in 2032.
In Belgium an image of a stamp is copyright free when the following conditions are fulfilled:
70 years after La Poste / De Post have issued the stamp AND 70 years after the designer of the image on the stamp has died.
The works of the following artists are in public domain because the artist died before 31 December 1945.
The work of the following artists will be in public domain on 1 January following 70 years after their death
According Belize's Copyright Act of 2000, where a protected work has been made by or under the direction or control of the Government and, apart from this subsection no copyright would subsist in the work, then copyright shall subsist therein by virtue of this subsection and shall initially belong to the State.[Cap.252/2000 Section 25(4)]
No special terms are specified for stamps or other government works, so standard copyright rules apply.
For stamps issued before Belizean independence (1981), crown copyright applies.
The Law No.1322 of April 13, 1992 on Copyright states that copyright protection expires 50 years after the author's death calculated from 1 January following the year of death.[1322/1992 Article 18]
For "anonymous works ... and in pseudonymous works, the economic rights shall last 50 years after the works have been made known" also calculated from 1 January of the following year.[1322/1992 Article 19]
For stamps published more than 50 years ago (before 1 January 1974) use {{PD-Bolivia}}.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Bolivia
Stamps are not included among the types of work for which copyright does not apply.[Act 1/021 2005 Article 7]
If the author is known, a stamp would be protected for life + 50 years.[Act 1/021 2005 Article 58]
Otherwise, as an anonymous or collective work it would be protected for publication + 50 years.[Act 1/021 2005 Article 60–61]
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Burundi
Lásd még: Commons:Bélyegek
As mentioned elsewhere (see Manchukuo and Wang Jingwei regime CRT pages), stamps issued by the government of Manchukuo, or the Wang Jingwei regime are nowadays in public domain, as both are considered as puppet regimes by Chinese Government, and hence never recognized their copyright status.
Pending informations, but in normal cases 
Not OK for nearly all non-Manchukuo, non-Wang-regime stamps in China, because in most cases, the dates of birth of authors of those stamps are not publicly known, unless if that's issued before Jan 1, 1929 which is a {{PD-anon-expired}} case, we should de facto judge them as copyrighted by China Post or its affiliates (e.g. Beijing Stamp Factory).[1]
In rare cases, if the dates of birth of authors of some individual stamps are known, those can enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.
Stamps appear to be out of copyright after 70 years. If stamp is published before 1 January 1954 please use {{PD-Colombia}}. The basic copyright law of Costa Rica is: Ley Nº 6683 - Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos. There are no specific provision for copyrights of postage stamps, but all works are copyrighted until 70 years after the author's death. In the case of government agencies and other public entities the copyrights of official works expired after 25 years, and in special cases after 50 years (i.e. books), both since the original publication date. Under the Intellectual Property Law (Codification No. 2006-13) there is no exception for stamps, which would be protected for 70 years from publication.
According to the 2017 revision, works owned by legal entities are protected for 70 years counted from 1 January of the year following that of first publication.[2017 Article 86(c)]
Translation of the specific permission to use images of postage stamps for non-commercial educational, philatelic and cultural purposes was contained in an email message dated 11 January 2007 from Silvia María Orantes, Head of the Philatelic Office, Government of El Salvador but commercial restriction images are not permitted here.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of El Salvador
. There are no specific laws on the copyright status of stamps. Ethiopian stamps are in the public domain 50 years after the date of issue, per the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Proclamation No. 410/2004, which states that "Economic rights shall belong to the author during his lifetime and to the heirs or legatees for fifty years from the date of death of the author" (Art. 20) and "The economic rights relating to an audiovisual work shall be protected for fifty years beginning from the date of making of the work or communication of the work to the public, which ever date is the latest."
According to La Poste, French stamps have the same legal status as any other work of art. Stamps by designers deceased more than 70 years ago are public domain.[2]
The names of the artists are generally printed at the bottom of the stamps or its main picture. Check the individual artists death dates in the frwiki category: Dessinateur de timbres/Stamp designers and also the French Phil-ouest website that lists many more than have wiki articles.
On 1st January 2015, it appears that all postage stamps of France issued until 1922 are in the public domain (doubts about the 1919 stamp known as "The Two Orphans" – cause: no information found on the date of death of Surand and Jarraud).
The following list of artists whose works are in public domain in France (but not necessarily in the United States) because they died before 31 December 1953 is non-exhaustive:
Works by the following artists will be in public domain in France (but not necessarily in the United States) on 1 January following 70 years after their death:
According to a decision by a German regional court (Landgericht Berlin) in a case of the heirs of German artist Loriot against the Wikimedia Foundation, announced 27 March 2012, German postage stamps are not "official works" according to § 5 I or II UrhG and are therefore not in the public domain, as previously assumed on Commons.
Stamps of other private entities are copyrighted as well. However, the usual German copyright expiration term applies - copyright expires 70 years after 1 January after death of the creator. Some individual stamps may be copyright-free for other reasons (e.g. simple graphic design). For a further discussion, see Wikilegal/Copyright of Images in German Postage Stamps
See Commons:WikiProject Public Domain/German stamps review.
Stamps by artists deceased more than 70 years ago (or pseudonymously designed more than 70 years ago, before 1 January 1954) are free. The copyright status of all other stamps issued before 1970 is disputed (possibly {{PD-GreekGov}} as government administrative documents). Stamps issued since 1970 follow the 70 years pma rule.. Stamps by artists deceased more than 60 years ago (or pseudonymously designed more than 60 years ago, before 1 January 1964) are free.[2005 Article 20–23]
under Article 43(b) of the 2014 Copyright Law.
Please use {{PD-IDGov}} for images of Indonesian postal stamps. However, please note that it has not been determined if modifications or derivatives can be made to works enumerated in Article 43 (Please read the Commons discussion on the issue here).
Paragraph 51 of Israeli Postal Services Statute 1986, in its 2004 revised version stipulates that the State owns full copyrights for Israeli stamps. The Israeli copyright statute from 2007 determines that the State's copyrights expire on 1 January of the 51st year after the creation of the work. Hence, only stamps created 50 or more years ago are in the public domain. Template:PD-IsraelGov would be appropriate to indicate their copyright status.
Until specific information becomes available, apply the 70 years pma rule (or70 years after issue for anonymous/pseudonymous stamps), so stamps by designers deceased more than 70 years are public domain. Where there are joint authors, such as an engraver and a designer, the copyright term starts following the death of the last survivor.
{{PD-Italy}} does not apply to Italian stamps. The law contains no exceptions to standard copyright law for stamps.
Stamps sometimes contain date and author. The Stamp Art blog, while not necessarily reliable, does list designers and some engravers of Italian stamps and Italian stamp designers, so may be worth reviewing.[6] The following list of artists whose works are in public domain because they died on or before 31 December 1950 is non-exhaustive:
Works by the following artists will remain protected until 70 years after their death:
The following artists have unknown death dates:
Stamps more than 70 years old or published before 1 January 1968 are in the public domain, per {{PD-Japan}}.
. Law No. 38/NA of November 15, 2017, on Intellectual Property does not mention stamps, and nothing that could be interpreted as stamps is included in the list of unprotected works.[38/NA/2017 Article 94] Under Malawi's Copyright Act, 2016, the copyright term for works by the government is 50 years from the date of first publication and for works by individual authors is life of the author plus fifty years.[26/2016 Section 35(1a),(1e)] Since the first stamps of Malawi were issued on 6 July 1964, the earliest any stamp of Malawi was PD in 2015 (and even then only if the artwork depicted on the stamp is a government work). According to article 23 of The Copyright Act 1987 (act 332), works by the Government Organizations are subject to copyright until the beginning of the year following 50 years after publication, so only stamps more than 50 years old may be uploaded and they should use the template {{PD-Malaysia}}. This applies until 1992 when the Malaysian post office was corporatized as Pos Malaysia, so the normal artistic copyright term likely applies (life plus 50 years), unless as a corporate work the term of publish plus 50 years applies. use {{PD-MD-exempt}}.
According to the law on Copyright of the Republic of Moldova no. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994 (Amended by Law no. 1268-XV, of 25 July 2002) Article 7. refers to "State emblems and official signs (flags, armorial bearings, decorations, monetary signs, etc.)" as Works Not Protected by Copyright. The Moldovan Postal Law No. 36 from 29 April 2016 defines postal stamp as "printed valuable sign issued and put into circulation exclusively by the state as an attribute of its sovereignty".[9]
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Moldova
Mozambique copyright law instituted in 2001 states that copyright subsists for 70 years following completion for "works of applied art" which appears to cover stamps. Under Sec. 17(a)(5) of the Law No. 15/2019, Government works of Myanmar are copyrighted for 50 years from first publication (before 1 January 1974). According to the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 6 of 1994, copyright of government-produced work is held by the state, and lasts for a period of 50 years after publication [6/1994 Section 6(5)]. The Namibian post was originally a department of the government's Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication, and became Namibia Post Ltd, or NamPost, in 1992. Before its independence in 12 June 1968 {{PD-SAGov}} may apply. See nl:Wikipedia:Beleid voor gebruik van media/Postzegels (In Dutch).
Prior to 1 January 1989, the government-owned corporation PTT considered Dutch stamps as being created by the PTT company and as such was considered their author. In The Netherlands copyright expires 70 years after the death of the author. With stamps issued prior to 1989, copyright expires 70 years after publication.
From 1 January 1989 onwards, the PTT became the private company TNT Post. The rules are sometimes different compared to the period before 01-01-1989; for example, when there is more than one author of a stamp.
As of 2024 Dutch stamps created in the period 1852–1953 are considered to be Public Domain.
Stamps are not mentioned among the works not subject to copyright.[312/1999 Article 16]. According to North Korean copyright law as of 2006, "the property rights to a copyrighted work or a copyrighted visual art work whose author is an institution, enterprise or organization shall be protected for up to 50 years from the moment of its publication."[1532/2006 Article 24]
If published before 1 January 1974 use {{PD-DPRKOld}}.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of North Korea
. Use {{PD-Pakistan-stamp}} for stamps whose copyright has expired
Copyright ownership of stamps is maintained by the Government of Pakistan, as stamps in Pakistan are issued by Pakistan Post, which works under the Government of Pakistan. According to Pakistan's Copyright Ordinance, 1962, stamps can be classified as artistic:
Under the Law No. 64 of October 10, 2012, stamps are not excluded from protection (e.g. as official texts).[64/2012 Article 13]
Copyright lasts for 70 years after death of the author or coauthor, or 70 years from publication if the work is anonymous or pseudonymous [64/2012 Article 59–60].
However, the economic rights for works created by authors who died before Law 15 of 8 August 1994 came into force will have the duration of 80 years as provided for in the Administrative Code of 1917.[64/2012 Article 194]
In effect, works by authors who died after 1943 are still protected.
For older stamps, if applicable, use {{PD-Panama}}.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Panama
: Stamps are not mentioned in Law No. 1328/98 on Copyright and Related Rights, and are not included in the categories that are not protected.[1328/1998 Article 8] Some stamps were created by Casa de Correos y Telégrafos, today Ministry of Transport and Communications-owned Servicios Postales del Perú (Serpost). In Law No. 13714 of 1961, works by the government had a duration of 25 years and its copyright expired before 1996. The basic law on copyright in Peru is contained in Legislative Decree No. 822 of April 23, 1996.
There is no special mention of stamps in this law as "official work".[822/1996 Art.9]
Copyright lasts for 70 years from death, calculated from the 1 January following the year of death, or for 70 years from the year of disclosure for anonymous and pseudonymous works.[822/1996 Art.52–53]
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Peru
use {{PD-PhilippineGov}}
Works by the government of the Philippines are not protected by copyright. A prior approval of the government is necessary for exploitation of such works for profit. However, the clause for prior approval is determined to be a non-copyright restriction and can be safely ignored for the purposes of Wikimedia Commons by policy. (See discussion).
Warning while Philippine stamps are public domain as works of the Philippine government, one must also take into account the underlying derivative works that may appear in the stamps, such as photographs from non-free sources and copyrighted artworks. Section 176.3 of the copyright law provides that the copyright in a work is not invalidated by its "publication or republication by the government in a public document." See also this April 2020 deletion request and this May 2021 deletion request.
According to Article 4, case 2 of the Polish Copyright Law Act of February 4, 1994 "normative acts and drafts thereof as well as official documents, materials, signs and symbols are not subject to copyrights".
Such materials should use {{PD-Polishsymbol}}.
Unfortunately it is unclear if Polish stamps and banknotes are considered official materials, signs or symbols by Polish law.
In 2009 about 900 files with Polish stamps were deleted (see Commons talk:Stamps/Archive 1#Polish stamps are copyrighted for the discussion).
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Poland
use {{PD-RO-exempt}}.
According to the Romanian Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights Law no. 8/1996 of 14 March 1996 with further amendments Chapter 3 Article 9 "means of payment" shall not benefit from the legal protection accorded to copyright; therefore images of stamps are deemed to be in the public domain. Further, the Romanian law on postal services from 6 March 2013 defines postal stamp as "paper of value issued and put into circulation exclusively under the authority of the state, as an attribute of its sovereignty",[10] implying that Romania postal stamps are "official symbols of the State, public authorities and organizations", which are not protected by the Romanian copyright.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Romania
use {{PD-RU-exempt|stamps}}
Pursuant to Article 1259.6 of Part IV of the Civil Code (No. 230-FZ) of the Russian Federation dated 8 December 2006, official symbols and signs (flags, emblems, orders, banknotes, and the like), as well as symbols and signs of municipal formations are not copyrighted. Pursuant to Article 2 of Federal Law No. 176-FZ of the Russian Federation On Postal Service dated July 17, 1999, official signs of postage include "postage stamps and other signs put on mail that give evidence that postage has been paid".
Article 1.1 of Official Postage Signs and Special Postmarks Regulations, put into force on 26 May 1994 by Order 115 of the Ministry of Communication of the Russian Federation, defines the official postage signs concretely and labels postage stamps, souvenir and miniature sheets, stamped envelopes, and postal stationery cards as the postage signs. Even works still under copyright can be used by the Russian post, without altering the copyright status of the work used.[11]
A copyrighted painting can be used on an envelope or such and {{PD-RU-exempt}} will apply, without turning the painting into a Public Domain work. Prerequisite is that the Russian post acquired permission from the copyright-holder. We can safely assume that the Russian post has come to an agreement with the copyright-holder of such work.
use {{PD-RU-exempt}}.
From 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent nation under the name of Tannu Tuva, officially, the Tuvan People's Republic, or the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva. The independence of Tannu Tuva, however, was recognized only by its neighbors: the Soviet Union and Mongolia.[12]
Since 1944 Tuva has been part of the Russian Federation.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Russia
use {{PD-UKGov}} Seychelles was a British colony until June 1976; its stamps of the colonial era are covered by the "Crown Copyright", which expires after 50 years and puts the stamps in the public domain (see Crown copyright [in English] and {{PD-UKGov}}).
use {{PD-Seychelles}}.
Postage stamps first published 25 years ago or later are not in the public domain, and should not be uploaded.
All stamps are under the copyright of the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA). No stamps may be reproduced without paying royalties to the IDA, if requested.
According to Singapore's copyright law, stamps become public domain 70 years after the death of the engraver or 70 years after their issuance, if governmental work. Use {{PD-SG-artisticwork}}.
The Singapore Philatelic Museum has been appointed to administer approval for reproduction.[13]
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Singapore
.
Communication with Spain's Philatelic Bureau suggests no public domain. Permission to scan images of Spanish stamps requires a specific request to the Sociedad Estatal de Correos y Telégrafos.
According to Spanish copyright law, while most official works are not protected by copyright, standalone images are specifically exempted, and the author retains copyright. So it is safe to assume that Spanish stamps are copyright their designers, in which case they are protected for 70 years after the author's death, or 80 years if the author died before 1988.
If the designer is unknown, the stamp falls into the public domain 70 years after it was issued, or 80 years if issued before 1987.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Spain
. The Intellectual Property Act No 36 of 2003 is silent on stamps, so assume copyrighted until general term of protection expires. It seems that stamps would be public domain if published before 1 January 1954, use {{PD-Sri Lanka}}. Swedish stamps do not seem to have a copyright exception in Sweden, so stamps are in PD 70 years after the death of the engraver.
Lásd még: Category talk:Stamps of Sweden
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Sweden
According to Article 5 of the Federal Act on Copyright and Related Rights, "copyright does not protect [...] means of payment". However, the prevailing view among legal commentators is that stamps are not considered means of payment and do not fall under any other exemption clause. They therefore enjoy copyright protection.[14] use {{PD-TJ-exempt}}.
Pursuant to Article 7 of Law on Copyright and Related Rights (as amended up to 2009) of the Republic of Tajikistan, "state symbols and signs" are not copyrighted.
Pursuant to Article 1 of Law of Tajikistan On Postal Services dated June 4, 2003, "state signs of payment for postal communication [are] postal stamps, which are attached to postal correspondence and confirm the payment of postal communication services, blocks, stamped envelopes, postal cards"[15]
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Tajikistan
The copyright of postage stamps is held by Thailand Post and lasts 50 years. Public domain for stamps published before 1974. július 23..[2537/1994 Sec.23]
The copyright situation is unclear.
The Post Office Act (1933, 1977) does not mention copyright.[16]The Copyright Acts 2002 states that,
Thus, any stamp published more than 50 years ago should be in the public domain.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Tonga
Under Law No. 5846 of December 5, 1951 (as amended up to decision no 2020/29 of Constitutional Court of Turkey on July 17, 2020),
The copyright for stamps therefore belongs to the Turkish government and lasts 70 years from publication.
Thus, any stamp issued 70 or more years ago (published before 1 January 1954) is public domain.
Lásd még: Category:Stamps of Turkey
use {{PD-UA-exempt}}.
According to the Article 10 of the Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related rights, all Ukrainian stamps are in the public domain. They are defined as "state signs" in the Law of Ukraine On Postal Service (4 October 2001) :
use {{PD-UZ-exempt}}.
Az Egységes Postaunió a Bélyegfejlesztési Világszervezettel kifeljesztette a WADP Számozási Rendszert (WNS), amely 2002. január 1-jétől él. A honlapon (www.wnsstamps.ch/en/) 2002 óta a világ 160 országának és kibocsátó postájának több mint 25 000 bélyegét listázzák. Több elemhez kép is tartozik, amelyek továbbra is a kibocsátó ország által védettek, azonban a Postaunió és a WADP engedélyével letölthetőek.
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