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example1.scad (or grab it out of the Examples/ directory shipped with ImplicitCAD).
// example1.scad -- The union of a square and a circle. union() { square([80,80]); translate ([80,80]) circle(30); }Running
extopenscad example1.scad will produce example1.svg, which will look like:
You can read more about standard openscad functionality in the OpenSCAD User Manual.
However, there are additional ImplicitCAD specific features. For example a rounded union:
//example2.escad -- A rounded union of a square and a circle. union(r=14) { square([80,80]); translate ([80,80]) circle(30); }
(For code like this that is not backwards compatible with OpenSCAD, it is recommended that you save it as a .escad file -- Extended OpenSCAD.)
Like openscad, ImplicitCAD supports extruding objects.
// example3.escad -- the extruded product of the union of five circles. linear_extrude (height = 40, center=true){ union ( r = 8) { circle (10); translate ([22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,22]) circle (10); translate ([-22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,-22]) circle (10); } }
And we allow you to twist them as you extrude.
// example4.escad -- the twisted extruded product of the union of five circles. linear_extrude (height = 40, center=true, twist=90){ union ( r = 8) { circle (10); translate ([22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,22]) circle (10); translate ([-22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,-22]) circle (10); } }
In fact, we've extended this to allow you to twist at non-constant rates and even reverse directions. You just make twist a function! (We're following the openscad convention of using degrees...)
// example5.escad -- the variably twisted extruded product of the union of 5 circles. linear_extrude (height = 40, center=true, twist(h) = 35*cos(h*2*pi/60)) { union ( r = 8) { circle (10); translate ([22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,22]) circle (10); translate ([-22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,-22]) circle (10); } }
We also allow you to do rounded extrusions. See, we heard you like rounding, so we set this up so you can rounded extrude your rounded union...
// example6.escad -- A rounded extrusion of the rounded union of 5 circles. linear_extrude (height = 40, center=true, r=5){ union ( r = 8) { circle (10); translate ([22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,22]) circle (10); translate ([-22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,-22]) circle (10); } }
This is fully compatible with twisting, of course!
// example7.escad -- A twisted rounded extrusion of the rounded union of 5 circles. linear_extrude (height = 40, center=true, twist=90, r=5){ union ( r = 8) { circle (10); translate ([22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,22]) circle (10); translate ([-22,0]) circle (10); translate ([0,-22]) circle (10); } }
ImplicitCAD also provides full programmatic functionality, like variable assignment in loops. For example, the trivial program:
// Example8.escad -- variable assignment in loops. a = 5; for (c = [1, 2, 3]) { echo(c); a = a*c; echo(a); }Has the output:
1.0
5.0
2.0
10.0
3.0
30.0
Nothing to render
// Example9.escad -- function currying. f = max(4); echo(f(5)); echo(max(4,5));And some higher order functions, like my friend map:
// Example10.escad -- map!. echo(map(cos, [0, pi/2, pi]));
-- Example 11 - the union of a square and a circle. import Graphics.Implicit out = union [ squareR 0 True (80, 80) , translate (40, 40) (circle 30) ] main = writeSVG 2 "test.svg" out
A rounded union:
-- Example 12 - the rounded union of a square and a circle. import Graphics.Implicit out = unionR 14 [ squareR 0 True (80, 80) , translate (80, 80) (circle 30) ] main = writeSVG 2 "test.svg" out
A simple 3D example:
-- Example 13 - the union of a cube and a sphere. import Graphics.Implicit out = union [ cubeR 0 False (20, 20, 20) , translate (20, 20, 20) (sphere 15) ] main = writeSTL 1 "test.stl" out
You can do a whole lot more!
apt-get install ghc cabal-install zlib1g-dev
●Archlinux: pacman -S ghc cabal-install
●Red Hat/Fedora: yum install ghc cabal-install
●Mac OSX:
●Homebrew: brew install ghc cabal-install
●Install GHCup following these install instructions
●Windows: Follows these install instructions.
●Other unices: If your package manager does not include ghc and cabal you should install GHCup.
(二)You now have two options for installation:
●Latest release:
●Use cabal to install ImplicitCAD: cabal update && cabal install implicit
●Development version:
●Initialize your haskell environment: cabal update
●Git clone this repo: git clone https://github.com/Haskell-Things/ImplicitCAD.git
●cd in: cd ImplicitCAD/
●install the dependencies: cabal install --only-dependencies
●The previous step may fail, but it should tell you what's missing.
●Track down the relevant package in your package manager. You may need to install the -dev package.
●Finally, to build and install implicitcad: cabal configure && cabal install
(三)Try it!
●extopenscad test:
●Make a test file: echo "circle(30);" > test.escad
●Run extopencad: extopenscad test.escad
●Alternatively, ~/.cabal/bin/extopenscad test.escad -- see bellow.
●Haskell ImplicitCAD test:
●Start ghci: ghci
●Load ImplicitCAD: import Graphics.Implicit
●Try it! writeSVG 1 "test.svg" (circle 30)
(四)Known issues:
●extopenscad test results in bash: extopenscad: command not found (or similar for your shell)
●This probably means ~/.cabal/bin/ is not in your $PATH variable.
Try using ~/.cabal/bin/extopenscad as your command instead.
●Haskell test results in module is not loaded: 'Graphics.Implicit' (./Graphics/Implicit.hs)
●This is most likely a problem with your Linux distro and cabal not playing nice.
GHC is not configured to see the ImplicitCAD libraries. You can confirm this by
trying the test in ~/.cabal/lib/. If that works, you should be able to use ghc
anywhere with the -Ldiror-llib options. Alternatively, some people have
permanently fixed this by doing the cabal install as root.
cabal haddock.
Releases of ImplicitCAD are uploaded to HackageDB which, in addition to making them avaialable through cabal install, puts the generated documentation on the Internet. So you can read the documentation for the most recent release of ImplicitCAD, 0.4.1.0, on HackageDB.
In Implicit CAD, we consider objects as functions of `outwardness'. The boundary is 0, negative is the interior and positive the exterior. The magnitude is how far out or in. A description of the mathematical ideas underpinning ImplicitCAD are in a blog post on colah's blog.