91 captures

17 Jul 2010 - 04 Apr 2023

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Organization: Internet Archive

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Linux Weather Forecast

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Welcome to the Linux Weather Forecast

This page is an attempt to track ongoing developments in the Linux development community that have a good chance of appearing in a mainline kernel and/or major distributions sometime in the near future. Your "chief meteorologist" is Jonathan Corbet, Executive Editor at LWN.net. If you have suggestions on improving the forecast (and particularly if you have a project or patchset that you think should be tracked), please add your comments to the Discussion page. There's a blog that reports on the main changes to the forecast. You can view it directly or use a feed reader to subscribe to the blog feed. You can also subscribe directly to the changes feed for this page to see feed all forecast edits.

Forecast Summaries

Current conditions: The 3.11 kernel was released on September 2; some of the more interesting new features in this release include: ●The Lustre distributed filesystem, long maintained out of the mainline tree, has been merged into the staging area. It will need considerable work before it is ready to move into the mainline proper. ●The ARM architecture now has transparent huge page support. Additionally, ARM64 has gained support for virtualization with both Xen and KVM. ●The new O_TMPFILE file-creation option allows for more secure creation of temporary files. ●Version 4.2 of the NFS network filesystem protocol is supported, as is labeled NFS for mandatory access control. ●The AMD Radeon graphics driver now supports dynamic power management. ●Low-latency Ethernet polling allows for minimal latencies on the receipt of data from the network for the most stringent applications. ●The zswap compressed swap cache mechanism has been merged. ●The new "dm-switch" device mapper target allows the configuration of complex, multi-device volumes; see the documentation file for details. Some 10,900 changesets were merged into the mainline during the 3.11 development cycle, representing the work of over 1200 developers. See this article for information on where the contributions to 3.11 came from. Short-term forecast: the 3.12 kernel can be expected sometime around Halloween. Interesting features merged for this release include: ●Basic data deduplication support in the Btrfs filesystem. This feature allows Btrfs to store a single copy of blocks of data that are duplicated in multiple files, thus saving space. ●Some changes to the out-of-memory killer should make the system more reliable in severely memory-constrained situations, but that may happen at the cost of changing the apparent behavior of the system as seen by some applications. See this article for more information. ●"Render nodes" allow a graphical processor (GPU) to make its rendering capabilities available to an application independently of the display. This separation of rendering from mode setting should make it easier to use GPU features in applications; see this post from David Herrmann for details. ●"TSO sizing" is a change to the TCP stack that will enable smoother, less bursty traffic when TCP segmentation offload (a hardware feature that accelerates packet construction) is in use. When combined with the new "fair queuing" packet scheduler, the result should be a system that much more fairly and efficiently handles large numbers of concurrent network streams. See this article for more information. ●RAID5 support in the MD subsystem is now multithreaded, improving performance with faster drives. ●The "full system idle detection" feature works with the dynamic tick feature to enable power-efficient operation. In short, it can detect when nothing is happening systemwide and turn off the last clock tick, allowing all processors to go into a deep sleep state. The 3.12 merge window closed on September 16, so no more features should be added for this development cycle.

Longer-term forecasts

As with the weather, there are no certainties about what may be merged into the Linux kernel going forward; every change is evaluated on both its merits and its long-term maintenance costs. Here are a few things on the horizon that are worth watching, though. The Android kernel patches. These changes have been the subject of extensive discussions and have, thus far, not been accepted into the mainline kernel. At the 2011 Kernel Summit, though, it was decided that this code should probably go in. Longstanding tradition says that code which is actively shipped, supported, and used should eventually be merged, even if it has problems. Nothing is certain until it happens, but we will probably see some movement in this area, perhaps for the 3.3 release. The Btrfs filesystem is heading into active use. Oracle has confirmed that it intends to use it as the default filesystem in its enterprise distribution. Remaining issues (as discussed at LinuxCon Europe) include a functional filesystem repair tool and the merging of RAID5/6 support. Realtime preemption - the provision of deterministic response in the Linux kernel - has been developed out of tree since 2004. Current plans call for the merging of much of that code within the next few development cycles, leaving only the core realtime work out of the mainline. See the report from the October 22 realtime minisummit for more information. x32 is a new binary interface standard for 64-bit architectures; it is intended to provide better performance for applications that do not actually need 64-bit address spaces. Since most applications have no such need, the benefits could be significant. There are some remaining issues to be worked out, but the bulk of the work is done and we should be able to expect x32 support to be merged sometime in 2012. Some more information can be found in this article. Control groups are the mechanism by which the kernel gathers processes into hierarchical groups; it can then apply policies and resource usage limits to those groups. This feature has been somewhat controversial within the kernel community, but its use is growing and shows every sign of continuing to do so. Over the next year or so we can expect to see a lot of work in this area along two lines: (1) adding new controllers to apply policies to groups, and (2) improving the implementation of control groups and the controllers to make kernel developers happier. Some more information can be found in the 2011 Kernel Summit control groups discussion.

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Core Kernel

By Corbet - January 26, 2009 - 12:17pm By "core kernel," I mean code which affects the kernel as a whole and which isn't tightly associated with a single subsystem. The core of the Linux kernel is quite small, and it has also been surprisingly stable in recent times. The CPU scheduler has seen mostly incremental changes, and the core memory management code has seen few fundamental changes for years. On the other hand, there is still interest in a number of areas, including real time, asynchronous I/O, fast booting, and more. ●Login to post comments ●Read more

Virtualization

By Corbet - January 26, 2009 - 12:16pm Virtualization and containers are complimentary efforts which seek to allow different tasks to be isolated from each other on the same host system. In virtualization, the guest systems appear to be running on their own hardware; each guest system runs its own kernel. The container approach runs all guests under the same kernel in a way that isolates them from each other. Virtualization gives more complete isolation and allows guests to be running a different operating system than the host; containers, however, tend to be far more efficient. ●1 comment ●Read more

Filesystems

By Corbet - January 26, 2009 - 12:15pm Filesystems, of course, are a crucial part of any operating system; they are the code which maintains our persistent data. Reliability is of especially high importance in filesystems, since any mistakes can lead to lost data or (even worse) subtly corrupted data which is not discovered for a long time. But filesystems are also a performance-critical part of the system; a poorly-written filesystem will result in substandard performance for almost any kind of workload. ●Login to post comments ●Read more

Security

By Corbet - January 26, 2009 - 12:14pm Security is a difficult and complicated problem, which must be addressed at several levels. The technologies discussed in this page are mainly concerned with mandatory access control - the hardening of the system so that no component of that system may go beyond its permitted capabilities. The largest value of MAC schemes is often seen when a system component is compromised as a result of an internal bug. If the MAC system has been set up properly, the compromised application should not enable the attacker to take control of the system as a whole. ●Login to post comments ●Read more

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Linux Weather Forecast

Welcome to the Linux Weather Forecast

Forecast Summaries

Longer-term forecasts

Core Kernel

Virtualization

Filesystems

Security

Networking

Contents

Hardware Support

Contents

Miscellaneous Topics

Contents

User Space

Contents

Linux Weather Forecast

Recent updates