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{{hatnote|For launches in the first half of the year, see [[1963 in spaceflight (January–June)]], for launches in the second half, see [[1963 in spaceflight (July–December)]]}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox Year in spaceflight
|year = 1963
|image = X15 on B52 wing pylon.jpg
|caption = A [[North American X-15]] made two suborbital flights in July and August, becoming the first reusable spacecraft
|first = 4 January
|last = 21 December
|total = 70
|success = 50
|failed = 17
|partial = 3
|catalogued = 55
|maidens = [[Atlas-Agena|Atlas LV-3A Agena-D]]<br/>[[Atlas-Centaur|Atlas LV-3C Centaur-B]]<br/>[[Polyot (rocket)|Polyot]] 11A59<br/>[[Scout X-2B]]<br/>[[Scout X-3M]]<br/>[[Scout X-4]]<br/>[[Thor-Ablestar|Thor DSV-2A Ablestar]]<br/>[[Thor-Agena|TAT SLV-2A Agena-B]]<br/>[[Thor-Agena|TAT SLV-2A Agena-D]]<br/>[[Voskhod (rocket)|Voskhod]] 11A57
|retired = [[Atlas LV-3B]]<br/>[[Atlas-Centaur|Atlas LV-3C Centaur-B]]<br/>[[Scout X-2B]]<br/>[[Scout X-2M]]<br/>[[Scout X-3M]]
|suborbital = 2
|orbital = 3
|totalcrew = 4
}}
{{toclimit|limit=2}}
{{TLS-L|alignment=right|fixed=on}}
{{clear}}
{{TLS-M|1963|half=yes}}
== Deep space rendezvous ==
{| class=wikitable width="100%"
!Date (GMT)
!Spacecraft
!Event
!Remarks
|-
| 5 April || [[Luna 4]] || Flyby of the [[Moon]] || Failed lander, closest approach: {{convert|8336|km}}
|-
| 19 June || [[Mars 1]] || First flyby of [[Mars]] || Closest approach: {{convert|193000|km}}, communications system failed before flyby
|-
|}
== Notable creations of orbital debris ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!Date/Time (UTC)
!Source object
!Event type
!Pieces tracked
!Remarks
|-
| 9 May<ref name=ODQNv17i4>{{cite journal|url=http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/pdfs/ODQNv17i4.pdf |title=West Ford Needles: Where are They Now? |publisher=[[NASA]] |journal=Orbital Debris Quarterly News |volume=17 |issue=4 |date=October 2013 |access-date=13 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035905/http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/pdfs/ODQNv17i4.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref>
| [[Westford Needles|Westford-2]]
| Communications experiment
| 46<ref name=ODQNv17i4 />
| As part of an experiment to facilitate international telecommunications, the US Military deployed an artificial space ring consisting of hundreds of millions of tiny copper needles<ref>
{{citation |first1=I. I. |last1=Shapiro |first2=H. M. |last2=Jones |last3=Perkins |first3=C.W. |title=Orbital properties of the West Ford dipole belt |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |volume=52 |issue=5 |date=May 1964 |pages=469–518 |doi=10.1109/proc.1964.2992}}</ref> which would act as antennas reflecting radio signals at the target wavelength of 8 GHz. A large proportion of the needles were not dispersed properly and remained stuck in clumps that were discovered and tracked by the [[Space Surveillance Network|SSN]] between 1966 and 1991. {{asof|2013|10}}, 46 of the 144 detected debris clumps remain in orbit.<ref name=ODQNv17i4 /> The needles that were properly dispersed are believed to have decayed.<ref name=ODQNv17i4 />
This event prompted international protests<ref name="airforce-history">{{citation
| url = http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/space/terrill.pdf
| title = The Air Force Role in Developing International Outer Space Law
| last1 = Terrill Jr.
| first1 = Delbert R.
| journal = Air Force History and Museums Program
| publisher = Air University Press
| location = Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
| date = May 1999
| page = 63
| access-date = 13 February 2016
| archive-date = 17 April 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180417023607/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/space/terrill.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="nasa-history">{{citation
| url = https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4217/intro.htm
| title = Beyond the Ionosphere: The Development of Satellite Communications
| series = The NASA History Series
| publisher = NASA
| work = history.nasa.gov
| editor1-last = Butrica
| editor1-first = Andrew J.
| access-date = 12 July 2017
| archive-date = 25 December 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171225231626/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4217/intro.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref name="Bondi1962">{{citation
| title = West Ford Project, Introductory Note by the Secretary
| last1 = Bondi
| first1 = H.
| date = June 1962
| journal = Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume = 3
| page = 99
| bibcode = 1962QJRAS...3...99.
}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1961">{{Citation
| publication-date = 23 October 1961
| date = 22 October 1961
| title = Protests Continue Abroad
| periodical = The New York Times
| place = London
| page = 12
| issn = 0362-4331
}}</ref> and influenced the drafting of the 1967 [[Outer Space Treaty]].<ref name="airforce-history"/>
|}
==Orbital launch summary==
===By country===
{{TLS-PC|1963|USA=1|USSR=1}}
{| align="left" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country
! Launches
! Successes
! Failures
! Partial<br/>failures
! Remarks
|-
| {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 24 || 15 || 9 || 0 ||
|-
| {{USA}} || 46 || 35 || 8 || 3 ||
|}
{{clear}}
===By rocket===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Rocket
! Country
! Launches
! Successes
! Failures
! Partial failures
! Remarks
|-
| [[Atlas-Agena|Atlas LV-3A Agena-B]] || {{USA}} || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
| [[Atlas-Agena|Atlas LV-3A Agena-D]] || {{USA}} || 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Atlas LV-3B]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || Retired
|-
| [[Atlas-Centaur|Atlas LV-3C Centaur-B]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || Only flight
|-
| [[Delta B]] || {{USA}} || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 ||
|-
| [[Delta C]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||
|-
| [[Kosmos-2I]] 63S1 || {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 8 || 4 || 4 || 0 ||
|-
| [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya]] 8K78 || {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 ||
|-
| [[Molniya-L]] 8K78L || {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Polyot (rocket)|Polyot]] 11A59 || {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Scout X-2B]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || Only flight
|-
| [[Scout X-2M]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || Retired
|-
| [[Scout X-3]] || {{USA}} || 2 || 0 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
| [[Scout X-3M]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || Only flight
|-
| [[Scout X-4]] || {{USA}} || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Thor-Ablestar|Thor DSV-2A Ablestar]] || {{USA}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Thor-Agena|Thor DM-21 Agena-B]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||
|-
| [[Thor-Agena|Thor SLV-2 Agena-D]] (Thor DM-21 Agena-D) || {{USA}} || 8 || 6 || 2 || 0 || Redesignated midyear
|-
| [[Thor-Agena|Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-B]] || {{USA}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Thor-Agena|Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D]] || {{USA}} || 10 || 8 || 2 || 0 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Voskhod (rocket)|Voskhod]] 11A57 || {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || Maiden flight
|-
| [[Vostok-K]] 8K72K || {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 ||
|-
| [[Vostok-2 (rocket)|Vostok-2]] 8A92 || {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}} || 8 || 6 || 2 || 0 ||
|}
===By orbit===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Orbital regime
! Launches
! Achieved
! Not Achieved
! Accidentally<br />Achieved
! Remarks
|-
| [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]] || 57 || 44 || 13 || 2 ||
|-
| [[Medium Earth orbit|Medium Earth]] || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 ||
|-
| [[High Earth orbit|High Earth]] || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || Including [[Highly elliptical orbit]]s
|-
| [[Geosynchronous orbit|Geosynchronous]]/[[Geosynchronous transfer orbit|transfer]] || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 ||
|-
| [[Heliocentric orbit|Heliocentric]] || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 ||
|}
==References==
{{TLS-R}}
===Footnotes===
{{reflist|2}}
<br>
{{TLS-L|year=1963|nav=on|state=expanded}}
{{Orbital launches in 1963}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1963 In Spaceflight}}
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