Arnold Henry Guyot: Difference between revisions

| name = Arnold Henry Guyot

| image = Arnold Henry Guyot.jpg

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| caption = Arnold Henry Guyot

| birth_date = September 28, 1807

| birth_place = [[Boudevilliers]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel]], Switzerland

| death_date = {{Death date and age|18041884|2|8|1807|9|28|mf=yes}}

| death_place = [[Princeton, New Jersey]], United States

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| citizenship = American

| nationality = [[Switzerland|Swiss]]

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| field = [[geology]]<br/>[[geography]]

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|influences prizes = [[Louis Agassiz]] =

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'''Arnold Henry Guyot''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|iː|oʊ|}} {{respell|ghee|OH}})<ref>''Webster's New Biographical Dictionary'' (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1988; {{ISBN|9780877795438}}), p. 433.</ref> (September 28, 1807{{snd}}February 8, 1884) was a [[Switzerland|Swiss]]-American [[geologist]] and [[geographer]].

Guyot was born on September 28, 180000071807, at [[Boudevilliers]], near [[Neuchâtel]], [[Switzerland]]. He was educated at Chaux-de-Fonds, then at the college of Neuchâtel. In 1825, he went to Germany and resided in [[Karlsruhe]] where he met [[Louis Agassiz]], the beginning of a lifelong friendship. From Karlsruhe he moved to [[Stuttgart]], where he studied at the [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]]. He returned to Neuchâtel in 1827. He determined to enter the ministry and started at the [[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]] to attend lectures. While pursuing his studies, he also attended lectures on philosophy and natural science. His leisure time was spent in collecting shells and plants, and he received an entrée to the [[Berlin Botanical Garden]] from [[Alexander von Humboldt|Humboldt]]. In 1835, he received the degree ofa PhD from Berlin.

In 1838, at Agassiz's suggestion, he visited the Swiss glaciers and communicated the results of his six-week investigation to the Geological Society of France. He was the first to point out certain important observations relating to [[glacial motion]] and structure. Among other things he noted the more rapid flow of the center than of the sides, and the more rapid flow of the top than of the bottom of glaciers; described the laminated or ribboned structure of the glacial ice; and ascribed the movement of glaciers to a gradual molecular displacement rather than to a sliding of the ice mass as held by [[Horace- Bénédict de Saussure|de Saussure]]. He subsequently collected important data concerning [[Glacial erratic|erratic boulders]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

He was occupied with this work until his appointment, in 1854, as professor of physical geography and geology at [[Princeton University]], which office he retained until his death. He was also for several years lecturer on physical geography in the State Normal School in [[Trenton, New Jersey]], and from 1861 to 1866 lecturer in the Princeton Theological Seminary. He also gave courses in the [[Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York|Union Theological Seminary]], New York, and at [[Columbia College, Columbia University|Columbia College]]. He founded the museum at Princeton (now closed<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dalton |first1=Rex |title=Anger as Princeton closes 'inspirational' museum |journal=Nature |date=1 October 2000 |volume=407 |issue=6806 |pages=825 |doi=10.1038/35038234 |pmid=11057635 |bibcode=2000Natur.407..825D |doi-access=free }}</ref>), many of the specimens of which came from his own collections. He was elected as a member to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1867.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=1867&year-max=1867&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-04-21|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

His scientific work in the United States included the perfection of plans for a national system of [[Meteorology|meteorological]] observations. Most of these were conducted under the auspices of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]. His extensive meteorological observations led to the establishment of the [[United States Weather Bureau]], and his ''Meteorological and Physical Tables'' (1852, revised ed. 1884) were long standard.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

*[https[iarchive://archive.org/details/earthmanlectures00guyoiala |''Earth and Man, Lectures on Comparative Physical Geography in its Relation to the History of Mankind]'']] (translated by [[Cornelius Conway Felton]], 1849)

==NamesakesLegacy==

He is the namesake of several geographical features, including [[Guyot Glacier]] in [[Alaska]], The [[Guyot (crater)|Guyot]] Crater, [[Mount Guyot (Great Smoky Mountains)|Mount Guyot]] on the North Carolina and Tennessee border, and a different [[Mount Guyot (New Hampshire)|Mount Guyot]] in New Hampshire, as well as [[Mount Guyot (Colorado)|Mount Guyot]] on the Rocky Mountain [[Continental Divide in Colorado. The building housingof the DepartmentAmericas|Continental ofDivide]] Ecologyin andColorado, Evolutionaryas Biologywell andas thea Department[[Mount ofGuyot Geosciences(California)|Mount atGuyot]] Princetonjust issouthwest namedof Guyot[[Mount HallWhitney]]inhis honorCalifornia.

[[Category:19th-century American geologists]]

[[Category:19th-century Swiss geologists]]