Azerbaijani manat

The word "manat" is derived from the Latin word "monēta" and the Russian word "монета" ("moneta") meaning "coin".^[1] It was used as the name of the Soviet currency in Azeri (Azerbaijani: манат) and in Turkmen.

The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and its successor the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic issued their own currency between 1919 and 1923. The currency was called the manat (منات) in Azerbaijani and the ruble (рубль) in Russian, with the denominations written in both languages (and sometimes also in French) on the banknotes. The manat replaced the first Transcaucasian ruble at par and was replaced by the second Transcaucasian ruble after Azerbaijan became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. No subdivisions were issued, and the currency only existed as banknotes.

The Democratic Republic issued notes in denominations of 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 manats, whilst the Soviet Socialist Republic issued notes in denominations of 5, 100, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000, 250,000, 1 million, and 5 million manats.

The second manat was introduced on 15 August 1992.^[2] It had the ISO 4217 code AZM and replaced the Soviet ruble at a rate of Rbls 10 to 1 manat.

From early 2002 to early 2005, the exchange rate was fairly stable (varying within a band of 4,770–4,990 manats per US dollar). Starting in the spring of 2005 there was a slight but steady increase in the value of the manat against the US dollar; the reason most likely being the increased flow of petrodollars into the country, together with the generally high price of oil on the world market. At the end of 2005, one dollar was worth 4,591 manats. Banknotes below 100 manats had effectively disappeared by 2005, as had the gapik coins.

Coins were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 20, and 50 gapiks, dated 1992 and 1993. Although brass and cupronickel were used for some of the 1992 issues, later issues were all in aluminium. These coins were rarely used in circulation.

The following banknotes were issued for this currency

• 1, 5, 10, 250 manats (all first issued on 15 August 1992)
• 50, 100, 500, 1,000 manats (all first issued in early 1993)
• 10,000 manats (first issued in August 1994)
• 50,000 manats (first issued in May 1996)

On 1 January 2006, a new manat (ISO 4217 code AZN, also called the "manat (national currency)") was introduced at a ratio of 1 new manat to 5,000 old manats. From 1 October 2005, prices were indicated both in new manats and in old manats to ease the transition. Coins denominated in qəpik, which had not been used from 1993 onward due to inflation, were reintroduced with the re-denomination. The former manat (ISO code 4217 AZM) remained in use through to 31 December 2006.^[3]

The new banknotes and Azerbaijani manat symbol, ₼, were designed by Robert Kalina in 2006, and the symbol was added to Unicode (U+20BC) in 2013, after failed addition proposals between 2008 and 2011.^[4] The final Azerbaijani Manat symbol design was inspired by the design of the Euro sign (€), based on an initial proposal by Mykyta Yevstifeyev,^[5] and resembles a single-bar Euro sign rotated 90° clockwise. The manat symbol is displayed to the right of the amount in Azeri and Russian.

The new manat was initially assigned the code AYM on being added to the ISO 4217 standard on 1 June 2005, with an effective date of 1 January 2006.^[6] However, this was removed and replaced by AZN on 13 October 2005 as it did not comply with the ISO 4217 currency coding standardization rules (which state that currency codes must begin with the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for the relevant country).^[7]

Coins in circulation are 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 gapiks. Most coins closely resemble the size and shape of various euro coins. Most notably the bimetallic 50 gapik (similar to the €2 coin) and the 10 gapik (Spanish flower, like the 20 euro cent coin). Coins were first put into circulation during January 2006 and do not feature a mint year.

Banknotes in circulation are ₼1, ₼5, ₼10, ₼20, ₼50, ₼100, ₼200, and ₼500. They were designed by Austrian banknote designer Robert Kalina, who also designed the current banknotes of the euro and the Syrian pound. The notes look quite similar to those of the euro and the choice of motifs was inspired by the euro banknotes.

In 2009 the Azərbaycan Milli Bankı (National Bank of Azerbaijan) was renamed the Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mərkəzi Bankı (Central Bank of Azerbaijan). In 2010, the ₼1 banknote was issued with the new name of the issuing bank, in 2012 a ₼5 banknote was issued with the new name of the issuing bank and in 2017 a 100₼ banknote dated 2013 was issued with the new name of the issuing bank.

In 2011 Azerbaijan's Ministry of Finance announced it was considering issuing notes of ₼2 and ₼3 as well as notes with values larger than ₼100.^[8] In February 2013 the Central Bank of Azerbaijan announced it would not introduce larger denomination notes until at least 2014.^[9]

In 2018, a ₼200 banknote was issued to commemorate Heydar Aliyev's 95th birthday.^[10]

Redesigned ₼1, ₼5, and ₼50 banknotes were introduced in 2021, preserving the same motifs but with updated designs.^[11] These circulate in parallel with existing notes.

A new commemorative ₼500 banknote was introduced in 2021.^[12]

• Before Feb 2015: US$1 = ₼0.78
• Feb - Dec 2015: US$1 = ₼1.05
• Dec 2015 - Apr 2017: Fluctuate
• May 2017 onwards: US$1 = ₼1.7 (pegged)

• Central Bank of Azerbaijan
• Turkmenistani manat
• Economy of Azerbaijan
• Banking in Azerbaijan

• Der Standard article on the redenomination (in German)
• Azerbaijan Manat: Catalog of Banknotes
• Azerbaijan International. Azerbaijan's New Manats: Design and Transition to a New Currency
• Catalog of Azeri coins and banknotes
• Coins of Azerbaijan at CISCoins.net
• The banknotes of Azerbaijan (in English, German, and French)