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Removed parameters. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_webform 693/3124
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! Image !! Name !! Description !! Distribution
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|[[File:Vaccinium erythrocarpum in bud.jpg|frameless]]
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== Etymology ==
[[File:Vaccinum oxycoccos 120604.jpg|thumb|''Vaccinium oxycoccos'' flowers]]
The name ''cranberry'' derives from the [[Middle Low German]] ''kraanbere'' (English translation, ''craneberry''), first named as ''cranberry'' in English by the missionary [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]] in 1647.<ref>{{cite web |title=American Cranberry (''Vaccinium macrocarpon'') : FAQ |url=https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/c.php?g=177896&p=1169823 |publisher=Research Guides, University of Wisconsin Libraries, Madison, WI |access-date=7 December 2017 |date=2017}}</ref> Around 1694, German and Dutch colonists in [[New England]] used the word, cranberry, to represent the expanding flower, [[Plant stem|stem]], [[calyx (flower)|calyx]], and petals resembling the neck, head, and bill of a [[crane (bird)|crane]].<ref name="oed">{{cite web |title=Cranberry |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/cranberry |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper |access-date=7 December 2017 |date=2017}}</ref><ref name="aps">{{cite journal |author1=Caruso FL |author2=Bristow PR |author3=Oudemans PV |title=Cranberries: The Most Intriguing Native North American Fruit |journal=Apsnet Feature Articles |url=http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Cranberries.aspx |access-date=7 December 2017 |doi=10.1094/APSnetFeature-2000-1100 |date=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003544/http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Cranberries.aspx |archive-date=8 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The traditional English name for the plant more common in Europe, ''Vaccinium oxycoccos'',
== History ==
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=== Ripening and harvest ===
[[File:
[[File:Harvesting cranberries 2.jpg|thumb|Cranberry harvest (wet-picking)]]
Cranberries are harvested in the fall when the fruit takes on its distinctive deep red color, and most ideally after the first frost.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Angier|first=Bradford|url=https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetoedib00angi/page/66/mode/2up|title=Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants|publisher=Stackpole Books|year=1974|isbn=0-8117-0616-8|location=Harrisburg, PA|pages=66|oclc=799792|author-link=Bradford Angier}}</ref> Berries that receive sun turn a deep red when fully ripe, while those that do not fully mature are a pale pink or white color. This is usually in September through the first part of November. To harvest cranberries, the beds are flooded with {{convert|15|to|20|cm|in|sp=us|0}} of water above the vines. A harvester is driven through the beds to remove the fruit from the vines. For the past 50 years{{when|date=November 2023}}, water reel type harvesters have been used. Harvested cranberries float in the water and can be corralled into a corner of the bed and conveyed or pumped from the bed. From the farm, cranberries are taken to receiving stations where they are cleaned, sorted, and stored prior to packaging or processing. While cranberries are harvested when they take on their deep red color, they can also be harvested beforehand when they are still white, which is how white cranberry juice is made.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stonebridgefarmevents.com/wet-picking/|title=Wet Picking|website=Stone Bridge Farm|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> Yields are lower on beds harvested early and the early flooding tends to damage vines, but not severely. Vines can also be trained through dry picking to help avoid damage in subsequent harvests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.umass.edu/cranberry/pubs/bmp_fruit.html|title=Fresh Fruit Production BMP: Publications UMass Cranberry Station|website=www.umass.edu|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref>
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=== Urinary tract infections ===
Cranberries have been used for decades to prevent [[urinary tract infection]]s (UTIs).<ref name=Cochrane2023/> A 2023 [[Cochrane (organisation)|Cochrane]] [[systematic review]] of 50 studies concluded there is evidence that consuming cranberry products is effective for reducing the risk of UTIs in women with recurrent UTIs, in children, and in people susceptible to UTIs following clinical interventions;
== Research ==
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