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{{Short description|Small breaded, deep-fried food}}
{{About||the game|croquet|the comic book|Croket!|the film|Croquette (film)}}
{{more citations neededRefimprove|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Croquette
| image = Croquettes with salad.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Cylindrical croquettes
| alternate_name =
| country =
| region ={{FRA}} [[France]]
| creator =
| course =
| type =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Ground meat]], [[shellfish]], [[fishFish as (food)|fish]], [[ham]], [[cheese]], [[mashed potato]]es, [[vegetable]]s, [[béchamelBéchamel sauce|béchamel]] or [[brown sauce]]
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
 
A '''croquette''' ({{IPAc-en|k|r|oʊ|ˈ|k|ɛ|t}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/croquette|title=croquette noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes - Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|website=www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com}}</ref> is a [[Deep-frying|deep-fried]] roll originating in [[French cuisine]], consisting of a thick binder combined with a filling, which is then [[Bread crumbs|breaded]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nagao|first1=Keiko|last2=Hatae|first2=Keiko|last3=Shimada|first3=Atsuko|title=Occurrence of Ruptures on the Surface of Foods During Frying|date=1997|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1745-4603.1997.tb00100.x|journal=Journal of Texture Studies|language=en|volume=28|issue=1|pages=27–46|doi=10.1111/j.1745-4603.1997.tb00100.x|issn=0022-4901}}</ref> It is served as a [[side dish]], a [[snack]], or [[fast food]] worldwide.
 
The binder is typically a thick [[béchamel sauce|béchamel]] or [[Brown sauce (meat stock based)|brown sauce]], [[mashed potato]]es,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kashima|first1=Tomoko|last2=Masumoto|first2=Shimpei|last3=Ishii|first3=Hiroaki|date=2009|title=Evaluation of Menu Planning Capability Based on Multi-dimensional 0/1 Knapsack Problem of Nutritional Management System|journal=IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics|volume=39|pages=163–170}}</ref> wheat flour or wheat bread.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Khaustova|first1=Tetyana|last2=Fedak|first2=Natalia|last3=Andreeva|first3=Svetlana|last4=Dikhtyar|first4=Aliona|date=2018-12-10|title=Studying the influence of hydrothermal treatment parameters on the properties of wheat flour in the technology of a croquette mass|url=http://journals.uran.ua/eejet/article/view/150072|journal=Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies|volume=6|issue=11 (96)|pages=77–82|doi=10.15587/1729-4061.2018.150072|issn=1729-4061|doi-access=free}}</ref> The binder may be mixed with or stuffed with a filling. Typical fillings include finely chopped [[meat]], [[seafood]], [[cheese]], [[rice]], [[Edible mushroom|mushrooms]], and various [[vegetable]]s, which may be combined with [[Seasoning|seasonings]] such as [[herb]]s and [[spice]]s. Sweet croquettes may use a [[custard|pastry cream]] binder and be filled with [[fruit]].<ref>Prosper Montagné, ''[[Larousse gastronomique]]: the encyclopedia of food, wine & cookery'', Crown, 1961. (translation of the 1938 edition) {{oclc|413918}}, ''s.v.'', p. 325</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 June 2009 |title=Eat this Word: Croquettes |url=http://www.jamesbeard.org/blog/eat-word-croquettes |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=James Beard Foundation}}</ref><ref name="davidson"/>
 
Croquettes may also be formed in other shapes, such as disks, [[Oval|ovals]], or [[Ball|balls]].
 
==Etymology==
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==Asia==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">▼
Croquettes with red lettuce.jpg|Circular croquettes▼
Kartoffel-Kroketten-tiefgefroren.jpg|Cylindrical potato croquettes▼
Croquetas con patatas fritas.JPG|''Croquetas fritas''▼
DSC 0082 broodje kroket chiang mai 2009 0629.jpg|Two [[Netherlands|Dutch]] ''kroketten'', one cut open to show the beef-ragout filling; [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand▼
</gallery>▼
 
===India===
[[File:Aloo Tikki served with chutneys.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Aloo tikki served with [[mint sauce|mint]], [[tamarind]] [[sauce]], and [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt) in [[India]].]]
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===Indonesia===
The ''recipes Indonesia'' (Dutch), made of mashed potato filled with minced chicken or [[ragout]], is one of the most popular snack items in [[Indonesia]], introduced during [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonial rule]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yusuf|first=Munif|title=Indonesian Influence in Dutch: A Cultural and Linguistic Perspective|date=2018-06-29|url=http://irhs.ui.ac.id/index.php/resep/masakan/indonesia/50|journal=International Review of Humanities Studies|volume=1|issue=1|doi=10.7454/irhs.v1i1.50|doi-broken-date=2024-04-24 |issn=2477-6866|doi-access=free}}</ref> The ''kroket'' is made by putting the chicken filling inside a mashed potato ball, which is then breaded and fried.
 
===Japan===
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== Europe ==
===Belgium===
{{tone|section|date=December 2018}}
''Kroketten/croquettes'' can be served as a side or main dish. They are usually savoury and filled with [[mashed potato]]es.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cismaru |first=Joanna |date=2019-05-31 |title=Potato Croquettes |url=https://www.jocooks.com/recipes/potato-croquettes/ |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Jo Cooks |language=en-US}}</ref> The two most popular Belgian croquettes have a thick bechamel filling mixed with [[Crangon crangon|grey shrimps]] "garnaalkroketten/croquettes de crevettes" or cheese "kaaskroketten/croquettes de fromage".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=6 August 2021 |title=Belgium in Brief: Shrimp or Cheese Croquette? |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/180352/belgium-in-brief-shrimp-or-cheese-croquette |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=[[The Brussels Times]] |language=en}}</ref> The prawn filling seems to have first appeared in 1922, and became popular in the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=The prawn croquette, Belgium's hidden gem |url=https://www.laprensalatina.com/the-prawn-croquette-belgiums-hidden-gem/ |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=La Prensa Latina Media |language=en-US}}</ref> As a main dish, they are usually served with a [[salad]], fried [[parsley]] and [[French fries|frites]].
 
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===Germany, Austria, and Switzerland===
[[File:Gebackene Kroketten.jpg|thumb|Baked croquettes from Austria]]
PlainThe German word is ''Kroketten'' (singular ''Krokette''). In the German speaking countries, this usually refers to plain potato croquettes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essen-und-trinken.de/kroketten|title=Kroketten|website=ESSEN UND TRINKEN|date=19 July 2021 }}</ref> They are served as a side dish in restaurants andbut are also available frozen in supermarkets. They are usually called ''Kroketten'' (singular ''Krokette'').
 
===Hungary===
''Krokett'' is a small cylindrical croquette similar to the Czech variety: potatoes, eggs, flour, and butter, seasoned with [[nutmeg]] and salt and deep-fried in oil. This variety is available in most restaurants as a side dish and can also be bought frozen.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} When made with [[cottage cheese]], they are called ''túrókrokett''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.49erssports.com/2022/11/manchester-united-legend-maguire-is.html|url-status=dead|title=Manchester United legend: Maguire is a nightmare for England at the World Cup 2022|date=November 11, 2022|access-date=November 11, 2022|archive-date=November 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111224854/https://www.49erssports.com/2022/11/manchester-united-legend-maguire-is.html}}</ref>
 
===Italy===
[[File:Panelle e Crocchè.jpg|thumb|right|A plate containing ''crocchette'' and ''[[Panella|panelle]]'']]
In Italy, ''crocchette'' (known in the South as ''[['''crocchè]]'''''<ref>{{Citation|last1=Barone|first1=Michele|title=Palermo's Street Foods. The Authentic Pane e Panelle|date=2020|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55736-2_5|work=Sicilian Street Foods and Chemistry: The Palermo Case Study|pages=71–81|editor-last=Barone|editor-first=Michele|series=SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-55736-2_5|isbn=978-3-030-55736-2|access-date=2021-04-09|last2=Pellerito|first2=Alessandra|s2cid=226750085|editor2-last=Pellerito|editor2-first=Alessandra}}</ref>) is made mainly with crushed potatoes or vegetables such as [[Eggplant|aubergines]] (''crocchette di melanzane''). ''Crocchette'' is derived from the croquettes introduced in the area by the French in the 18th century;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Larousse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCqKswEACAAJ |title=Le grand Larousse gastronomique |date=2017 |publisher=Larousse |isbn=978-2-03-594805-2 |language=fr}}</ref> in [[Neapolitan cuisine|Neapolitan]] and [[Sicilian cuisine|Sicilian]] cuisine they are made from [[mashed potato]] and [[Eggs as food|egg]], which is covered in breadcrumbs and fried. ''Crocchette'' are typically a Southern Italian [[street food]], ubiquitous at ''[[Friggitoria|friggitorie]]'' specializing in fried foods, the Italian equivalent of fish and chip shops. Rice [[arancini]] (typical of [[Sicilian cuisine|Sicily]]), ''[[supplì]]'' ([[Roman cuisine]]) and [[Lombard cuisine|Milanese]] rice and saffron croquettes''crocchette'' are particularly well-known in Italian cuisine. In [[Emilia -Romagna]] and [[PiemontePiedmont]], croquettes''crocchette'' are usually filled with chicken, while in [[Calabria]] ''polpette di riso'' are stuffed with rice and cheese (usually [[Parmesan]] or [[Pecorinopecorino]]).
 
===Ireland ===
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After [[World War II]], several suppliers started mass-producing croquettes<ref name="coquinaria.nl">{{cite web|url=https://coquinaria.nl/en/dutch-kroket/|title=Real Dutch kroket and bitterbal|date=9 January 2006|website=coquinaria.nl}}</ref> filled with beef. The croquette (''kroket'' in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]) subsequently became even more popular as a fast food; meat ragout was covered in breadcrumbs and subsequently deep-fried. Its success as a fast food garnered its reputation as a cheap dish of dubious quality, to such an extent that [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[tongue in cheek|tongue-in-cheek]] [[urban myths]] relate its "allegedly mysterious content" to [[offal]] and butchering waste.<ref>H. van Dam: ''Het volkomen krokettenboek'', publisher: Nigh & Van Ditmar, 2011</ref> Research in 2008 showed that 350 million ''kroketten'' are eaten in the Netherlands every year. An estimated 75% of all Dutch people eat them, resulting in 29 ''kroketten'' per person per year on average, being the 2nd most popular Dutch snack after the [[frikandel]]. The major consumers are between 35 and 49 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodlog.nl/artikel/nederland_neemt_een_betere_kroket/|title=Nederland neemt een betere kroket - Foodlog|website=foodlog.nl}}</ref>
 
The success of the croquette led to a whole series of food products resembling the croquette, but with other types of fillings, such as noodles, rice and [[Kidney (food)|kidney]], and with names like ''bamibal'', ''nasibal'', and ''nierbroodje''. Variants of the croquette which specify the kind of meat can also be found, like ''rundvleeskroket'' (made with beef) and ''kalfsvleeskroket'' (made with [[veal]]). Also popular in Dutch snack bars are the ''satékroket'' (where the filling consists of a peanut [[satay]] sauce and shredded meat in a ragout) and the ''goulash kroket''. A smaller round version of the standard beef or veal croquette, the ''[[bitterbal]]'',<ref name="coquinaria.nl"/> is often served with [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]] as a snack in bars and at receptions. Potato croquettes and potato balls (similar to potato croquettes, but small and round) can be bought frozen in most food stores.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pinho|first1=Maria Gabriela M.|last2=Lakerveld|first2=Jeroen|last3=Harbers|first3=Marjolein C.|last4=Sluijs|first4=Ivonne|last5=Vermeulen|first5=Roel|last6=Huss|first6=Anke|last7=Boer|first7=Jolanda M. A.|last8=Verschuren|first8=W. M. Monique|last9=Brug|first9=Johannes|last10=Beulens|first10=Joline W. J.|last11=Mackenbach|first11=Joreintje D.|date=2020-11-24|title=Ultra-processed food consumption patterns among older adults in the Netherlands and the role of the food environment|journal=European Journal of Nutrition|volume=60|issue=5|pages=2567–2580|language=en|doi=10.1007/s00394-020-02436-5|pmid=33236180|pmc=8275501|issn=1436-6215|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 
[[File:Broodje kroket - Febo - 03.JPG|thumb|[[FEBO|Febo]] broodje kroket in the Netherlands]]
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===Russia===
The widespread minced [[cutlet]] ({{lang-ru|котлета рубленная|kotleta rublennaya}})<ref>http://www.russianfoods.ru/recipes/item0022f/_rus_/default.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210044101/http://russianfoods.ru/recipes/item0022F/_rus_/default.asp</ref> is made of minced meat (beef or pork or a mixture of both; chicken, [[Turkey (bird)meat|turkey]], or fish), bread, eggs, white onions, salt and spices, shaped as a meat patty and pan-fried. Bread is added in amounts up to 25% of meat, adding softness to the final product and also making it cheaper to produce. The [[Pozharsky cutlet]] is a well-known variety of such cutlets in which minced meat is mixed with butter.
 
===Spain===
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Called "croquetas" in Spanish, the most popular stuffing are mashed potatoes (croquetas de papa), ham and mozzarella cheese (croquetas de jamón y queso), and rice (croquetas de arroz). Sometimes, the rice ones have herbs and little ham cubes. Generally, their shape is cylindrical and medium sized; but larger spherical ones also can be seen (especially with rice stuffing). They are deep-fried in oil.
 
Croquetas are very common: they are available in almost every bakery, supermarket or food shop, and many people cook them at home as a side dish or even a main dish. In modern restaurants, more sophisticated croquettes (e.g. with [[Jamón|serrano ham]] and a mixture of cheese or [[Salmon as food|salmon]]) usually come with a more elaborate sauce as a dip (e.g. [[sweet chili sauce]]) and are ordered as starters.
 
=== Colombia ===
 
In Colombia croquettes are commonly referred to as "[[papa rellena]]", which translates as stuffed potato. They consist of a mix of roughly mashed potato, seasoned shredded or ground beef and an egg. This mix is then lightly battered and deep fried. They are served in bars, casual restaurants, and at home for a celebration or party. They usually come with a side of homemade or bottled [[Hot sauce|chili sauce]].
 
==Gallery==
▲<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
▲Croquettes with red lettuce.jpg|Circular croquettes
▲Kartoffel-Kroketten-tiefgefroren.jpg|Cylindrical potato croquettes
▲Croquetas con patatas fritas.JPG|''Croquetas fritas''
▲DSC 0082 broodje kroket chiang mai 2009 0629.jpg|Two [[Netherlands|Dutch]] ''kroketten'', one cut open to show the beef-ragout filling; [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand
▲</gallery>
 
==See also==
{{Portal|Food}}
* {{annotated link|List of deep fried foods}}▼
* {{annotated link|List of potato dishes}}▼
* [[Krokettenmotie]]
* {{annotated link|Cuchifritos}}
* {{annotated link|Bitterballen}}
* {{annotated link|Fritter}}
▲* {{annotated link|List of deep fried foods}}
▲* {{annotated link|List of potato dishes}}
* {{annotated link|Rissole}}
* {{annotated link|Chicken cordon bleu}}
* [[Arancini]] and [[supplì]] – Italian snack foods
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
*[http://www.palermoweb.com/panormus/gastronomia/panelle.htm A feature about a Palermitan friggitoria] {{in lang|it}}
 
{{Commons category|Croquettes}}

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croquette"
  




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