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{{Short description|none}}
{{Politics of Albania}}
Regular '''elections in Albania''' are mandated by the [[Constitution of Albania|Constitution]] and legislation enacted by [[Parliament of Albania|Parliament]]. The [[Parliament of Albania|Parliament]] (''Kuvendi'') has 140 members elected for four-year terms.<ref>{{cite web|title=1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA|url=http://www.osce.org/albania/41888?download=true|website=[[osce.org]]|page=12|format=PDF|quote=The Assembly consists of 140 deputies. One hundred deputies are elected directly in single member electoral zones with an approximately equal number of voters. Forty deputies are elected from multi-name lists of parties or party coalitions according to their ranking|access-date=2021-01-02|archive-date=2017-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102235123/http://www.osce.org/albania/41888?download=true|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[electoral system]] is [[open list]] [[proportional representation]]. There are 12 multi-member [[Parliament of Albania#Composition of the Parliament|constituencies]] corresponding to the country's [[Administrative divisions of Albania|12 administrative regions]]. Within any constituency, parties must meet a threshold of 3 percent of votes, and pre-election coalitions must meet a threshold of 5 percent of votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=Exit Explains: What the Changes to the Electoral Code Mean for Voters |url=https://exit.al/en/exit-explains-what-the-changes-to-the-electoral-code-mean-for-voters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320094647/https://exit.al/en/exit-explains-what-the-changes-to-the-electoral-code-mean-for-voters/ |archive-date=March 20, 2024 |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=Exit - Explaining Albania |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=3 |title=IFES Election Guide &#124; Country Profile: Albania |access-date=2009-05-26 |archive-date=2021-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102063024/https://www.electionguide.org/countries/id/3/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Albania electoral code">{{cite book|title=THE ELECTORAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA (English translation by OSCE)|page=140|url=http://www.osce.org/albania/14464?download=true|access-date=22 September 2014|chapter=PART XII ALLOCATION OF SEATS|format=pdf}}</ref>
 
This electoral system replaced a mixed-member system in November 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1227096121.33/ |title=Albanian parliament adopts new electoral law — EUbusiness.com - business, legal and economic news and information from the European Union |access-date=2009-05-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706023148/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1227096121.33/ |archive-date=2009-07-06 }}</ref> Under the old system, 100 members were elected directly in single member [[constituency|constituencies]] with approximately equal numbers of voters. 40 were elected from multi-name lists of [[political parties|parties]] or party coalitions according to their ranking. The total number of deputies of a party or a party coalition was to be, to the closest possible extent, proportional to the valid votes won by that party or coalition on the national scale in the first round of elections. [[political parties|Parties]] that received less than 2.5% and coalitions that received less than 4% of the valid votes on the national scale in the first round of elections did not benefit from the respective multi-name list.
Albania holds elections on a national level for a [[legislature]]. The '''[[Assembly of Albania]]''' (''Kuvendi i Shqipërisë'') has 140 members elected for four-year terms. The electoral system is [[closed list]] [[proportional representation]]. There are 12 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the country's 12 administrative regions. Within any constituency, parties must meet a threshold of 3 percent of votes, and pre-election coalitions must meet a threshold of 5 percent of votes.<ref>http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=3</ref><ref>http://www.osce.org/item/37843.html</ref>
 
This electoral system replaced a mixed-member system in November 2008.<ref>http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1227096121.33/</ref> Under the old system, 100 members were elected directly in single member [[constituency|constituencies]] with approximately equal numbers of voters. 40 were elected from multi-name lists of [[political parties|parties]] or party coalitions according to their ranking. The total number of deputies of a party or a party coalition was to be, to the closest possible extent, proportional to the valid votes won by that party or coalition on the national scale in the first round of elections. [[political parties|Parties]] that received less than 2.5% and coalitions that received less than 4% of the valid votes on the national scale in the first round of elections did not benefit from the respective multi-name list.
 
The change was criticised by the smaller parties, but supported by the two main parties. It was considered an important step towards Albania's [[European integration]]. Other changes included limiting the prosecutor general's term to five years, forcing an early election in case of a [[no-confidence vote]] and reducing the majority required to elect the president from three-fifths to half the MPs.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/04/22/europe/EU-POL-Albania-Constitution.php Ex-communist Albania changes voting system in constitutional shake up - International Herald Tribune<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Line 11:
Albania has a [[multi-party]] system, with two or three strong [[political parties|parties]] and several other parties that are electorally successful.
 
==Past electionsHistory==
On 31 March 1991, the first pluralist [[1991 Albanian parliamentary election|elections]] were held in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALBANIA: parliamentary elections Kuvendi Popullor, 1991 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2001_91.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206110741/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2001_91.htm |archive-date=December 6, 2023 |access-date=2021-11-15 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> The elections were conducted with a clean majority system in 250 constituencies.<ref name="NRIIA">{{Cite book|url=https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/fields/field_files_attached/resource/albanias_1991_parliamentary_elections.pdf|title=The 1991 Elections in Albania|publisher=National Republican Institute for International Affairs|year=1991|location=Tirana|pages=7}}</ref> 98.2% of voters took part in the voting. The participating parties registered a total of 1,074 candidates while 17 of the candidates were independent. The final election results declared the Labor Party the winner with 56.17% of the vote. The Democratic Party won 38.71% of the vote, the Republican Party 1.77%, the [[Omonoia (organization)|Omonia Organization]] 0.73%, the Agrarian Party 0.07% and the Veterans Committee 0.28%. With a 250-seat parliament, the results were translated into 169 deputies for the Labor Party, the Democratic Party 75 deputies, Omonia 5 deputies and the Veterans Committee 1 deputy. The Democratic Party achieved high results and received a larger number of deputies compared to the Labor Party in the main cities such as: [[Durrës]] (13 deputies out of 19 in total), [[Shkodër]] (16 out of 19 in total), [[Tirana]] (19 out of 29). Whereas in [[Krujë]] and [[Vlorë]] the number of deputies of the two major parties was equal.<ref name="NRIIA"/> This was considered a great victory for the DP given that the communist party that had ruled the country for about 50 years still continued to have strong control over the population, especially in those living in rural areas and still doubting that the dictatorship would fall.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zogaj|first=Preç|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Q2rzQEACAAJ&q=Pre%C3%A7+Zogaj,+Fillimet|title=Fillimet|publisher=UET Press|year=2014|isbn=9789928190185|edition=2nd|pages=349|language=sq}}</ref>
{{Albanian legislative election, 2005}}
 
{{Albanian legislative election, 2001}}
On 8 May 2000, the [[Parliament of Albania|Albanian Parliament]] approved the Electoral Code only with the votes of the [[Socialist Party of Albania|Socialists]], which had an overwhelming majority in the assembly that emerged from the [[1997 Albanian parliamentary election|1997 elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ALBANIA: parliamentary elections Kuvendi Popullor, 1997 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2001_97.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920045117/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2001_97.htm |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |access-date=2021-11-14 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> The Democratic Party rejected the Electoral Code in its entirety due to the composition of the [[Central Election Commission (Albania)|Central Election Commission]] (''KQZ or CEC'') of 6 members. They boycotted his approval in parliament even though he had attended most of the roundtables organized for the debate over the Electoral Code. According to the new Electoral Code, voting in Albania would be based on a mixed, majority-proportional electoral system. From where 100 deputies, in the 140-seat parliament, would be elected by majority vote from single-member constituencies, while 40 seats were filled by national multi-member lists of political parties in order to achieve a proportional approach between nationally received votes and deputies which represented a political party in the assembly. To win a proportional mandate, political parties had to cross the 2.5% electoral threshold, while coalitions had to cross the 4% threshold.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 May 2000|title=Kodi Zgjedhor i Republikës së Shqipërisë, Ligj Nr.8609, datë 08.05.2000|url=https://qbz.gov.al/eli/fz/2000/12|url-status=live|website=[[Center of Official Publications (Albania)|Center of Official Publications]]|location=Tirana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114194409/https://qbz.gov.al/eli/fz/2000/12 |archive-date=2021-11-14 }}</ref>
 
==Latest election==
{{See also|2021 Albanian parliamentary election|l1=2021 parliamentary elections of Albania}}
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Albania Parliament 2021.svg]]
|party1=[[Socialist Party of Albania]]|votes1=768134|seats1=74|sc1=0
|party2=[[Democratic Party of Albania|Democratic Party – Alliance for Change]]|votes2=622187|seats2=59|sc2=+13
|party3=[[Socialist Movement for Integration]]|votes3=107538|seats3=4|sc3=–15
|party4=[[Social Democratic Party of Albania]]|votes4=35475|seats4=3|sc4=+2|color4={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Albania (2021)}}
|party5=[[Nisma Thurje]]|votes5=10217|seats5=0|sc5=New
|party6=[[Democratic Conviction]]|votes6=8239|seats6=0|sc6=New
|party7=Movement for Change|votes7=7054|seats7=0|sc7=New|color7=#223361
|party8=Albanian Democratic Movement Party|votes8=4705|seats8=0|sc8=New|color8=#0148B4
|party9=New Movement Party|votes9=3767|seats9=0|sc9=New|color9=#233F92
|party10=New Democracy Alliance Party|votes10=3232|seats10=0|sc10=New|color10=#F7ED14
|party11=[[Albanian National Front Party]]|votes11=1946|seats11=0|sc11=New
|party12=People's Union Alliance Coalition|votes12=1376|seats12=0|sc12=New|color12=#FEC472
|party13=Independents|votes13=4247|seats13=0|sc13=New
|invalid=83059
|total_sc=0
|electorate=3588869
|source=[http://kqz.gov.al/results/results2021.htm KQZ]
}}
 
===By county===
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
!rowspan=2|[[Counties of Albania|County]]
![[Socialist Party of Albania|PS]]
![[Democratic Party of Albania|PD-AN]]
![[Socialist Movement for Integration|LSI]]
![[Social Democratic Party of Albania|PSD]]
!rowspan=2|Total<br>seats
|-
!style=background:{{party color|Socialist Party of Albania}}|
!style=background:{{party color|Democratic Party of Albania}}|
!style=background:{{party color|Socialist Movement for Integration}}|
!style=background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Albania (2021)}}|
|-
|align=left|[[Berat County|Berat]]||5||2||0||0||7
|-
|align=left|[[Dibër County|Dibër]]||2||3||0||0||5
|-
|align=left|[[Durrës County|Durrës]]||8||6||0||0||14
|-
|align=left|[[Elbasan County|Elbasan]]||8||6||0||0||14
|-
|align=left|[[Fier County|Fier]]||9||6||1||0||16
|-
|align=left|[[Gjirokastër County|Gjirokastër]]||3||1||0||0||4
|-
|align=left|[[Korçë County|Korçë]]||6||5||0||0||11
|-
|align=left|[[Kukës County|Kukës]]||1||2||0||0||3
|-
|align=left|[[Lezhë County|Lezhë]]||3||4||0||0||7
|-
|align=left|[[Shkodër County|Shkodër]]||3||5||1||2||11
|-
|align=left|[[Tirana County|Tirana]]||18||15||2||1||36
|-
|align=left|[[Vlorë County|Vlorë]]||8||4||0||0||12
|-style=font-weight:bold
|align=left|Total|| 74|| 59|| 4|| 3|| 140
|-
|}
 
==List of elections==
{{See also|List of political parties in Albania}}
 
=== Parliamentary elections ===
This is a list of parliamentary elections in [[Albania]] from the year 1921 till present day. Direct presidential elections have not been held.<ref name="gazeta express">{{cite web |title=A e dini se këto janë zgjedhjet e 27 parlamentare në Shqipëri?! |url=http://www.gazetaexpress.com/lajme-nga-shqiperia/a-e-dini-se-keto-jane-zgjedhjet-e-27-parlamentare-ne-shqiperi-historia-394703 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118124233/http://www.gazetaexpress.com/lajme-nga-shqiperia/a-e-dini-se-keto-jane-zgjedhjet-e-27-parlamentare-ne-shqiperi-historia-394703/ |archive-date=January 18, 2018 |accessdate=2017-12-27 |website=Gazeta Express}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gGKtLTQlUcC&dq=albania+elections+1992+turnout&pg=PA718 Political Parties of Eastern Europe]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''{{underline|No.}}'''
|'''{{underline|Legislature}}'''
|'''{{underline|Date}}'''
|'''{{underline|Candidates}}'''
|'''{{underline|Registered voters}}'''
|'''{{underline|Turnout %}}'''
|-
|align="center"|1
|[[1921 Albanian parliamentary election|National Council]]
|5 April 1921
|align="center"|65
|
|
|-
|align="center"|2
|[[1923 Albanian parliamentary election|Constitutional Assembly]]
|27 December 1923
|align="center"|95
|
|
|-
|align="center"|3
|[[1925 Albanian parliamentary election|Deputies Chamber - Senate]]
|17 May 1925
|align="center"|49/16
|
|
|-
|align="center"|4
|[[1928 Albanian parliamentary election|Constituent Assembly/Parliament]]
|17 August 1928
|align="center"|49
|
|
|-
|align="center"|5
|[[1932 Albanian parliamentary election|Parliament]]
|11 November 1932
|align="center"|54
|
|
|-
|align="center"|6
|[[1937 Albanian parliamentary election|Parliament]]
|31 January 1937
|align="center"|57
|
|
|-
|align="center"|7
|[[1943 Albanian parliamentary election|National Assembly/Parliament]]
|1 October 1943
|align="center"|193
|
|
|-
|align="center"|8
|[[1945 Albanian parliamentary election|Constitutional Assembly/People's Assembly]]
|2 December 1945
|align="center"|101
|align="center"|603,566
|align="center"|89.9
|-
|align="center"|9
|[[1950 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|28 May 1950
|align="center"|116
|align="center"|641,241
|align="center"|99.4
|-
|align="center"|10
|[[1954 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|30 May 1954
|align="center"|129
|align="center"|702,476
|align="center"|99.9
|-
|align="center"|11
|[[1958 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|1 June 1958
|align="center"|180
|align="center"|788,250
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|12
|[[1962 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|3 June 1962
|align="center"|210
|align="center"|889,875
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|13
|[[1966 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|10 July 1966
|align="center"|234
|align="center"|978,161
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|14
|[[1970 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|20 September 1970
|align="center"|261
|align="center"|1,097,123
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|15
|[[1974 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|6 October 1974
|align="center"|238
|align="center"|1,248,530
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|16
|[[1978 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|12 November 1978
|align="center"|250
|align="center"|1,436,289
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|17
|[[1982 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|14 November 1982
|align="center"|250
|align="center"|1,627,968
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|18
|[[1987 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|1 February 1987
|align="center"|250
|align="center"|1,830,653
|align="center"|100
|-
|align="center"|19
|[[1991 Albanian parliamentary election|Constitutional Assembly]]
|31 March 1991
|align="center"|250
|align="center"|1,977,516
|align="center"|98.6
|-
|align="center"|20
|[[1992 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|22 March 1992
|align="center"|130
|align="center"|2,021,169
|align="center"|90.4
|-
|align="center"|21
|[[1996 Albanian parliamentary election|People's Assembly]]
|26 May 1996
|align="center"|140
|align="center"|2,204,002
|align="center"|89.1
|-
|align="center"|22
|[[1997 Albanian parliamentary election|Assembly]]
|29 June 1997
|align="center"|150
|align="center"|1,947,235
|align="center"|72.6
|-
|align="center"|23
|[[2001 Albanian parliamentary election|Assembly]]
|24 June 2001
|align="center"|135
|align="center"|2,499,238
|align="center"|53.6
|-
|align="center"|24
|[[2005 Albanian parliamentary election|Assembly]]
|3 July 2005
|align="center"|140
|align="center"|2,850,821
|align="center"|48.0
|-
|align="center"|25
|[[2009 Albanian parliamentary election|Assembly]]
|28 June 2009
|align="center"|140
|align="center"|3,084,946
|align="center"|50.8
|-
|align="center"|26
|[[2013 Albanian parliamentary election|Assembly]]
|23 June 2013
|align="center"|140
|align="center"|3,271,885
|align="center"|53.5
|-
|align="center"|27
|[[2017 Albanian parliamentary election|Assembly]]
|25 June 2017
|align="center"|140
|align="center"|3,452,324
|align="center"|46.8
|-
|align="center"|28
|[[2021 Albanian parliamentary election|Assembly]]
|25 April 2021
|align="center"|140
|align="center"|3,588,869
|align="center"|46.3
|-
|}
 
=== Local elections ===
The candidates column lists only the number of candidates for mayor of the municipality. It does not include candidates for member of the municipal council.<ref>[http://www.gazetatema.net/2011/04/02/historia-e-zgjedhjeve-lokale-ne-shqiperi-fitoret-e-ps-dhe-te-pd Historia e zgjedhjeve lokale në Shqipëri]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''{{underline|No.}}'''
|'''{{underline|Date}}'''
|'''{{underline|Candidates}}'''
|'''{{underline|Registered voters}}'''
|'''{{underline|Turnout %}}'''
|-
|-
|align=center|1
|[[1992 Albanian local elections|26 July 1992]]
|align="center"|357
|align="center"|1,988,795
|align="center"|70.7
|-
|align=center|2
|[[1996 Albanian local elections|20, 27 October 1996]]
|align="center"|357
|
|align="center"|58.5
|-
|align=center|3
|[[2000 Albanian local elections|1, 15 October 2000]]
|align="center"|374
|align="center"|2,329,639
|align="center"|50.7
|-
|align=center|4
|[[2003 Albanian local elections|12 October 2003]]
|align="center"|373
|align="center"|2,703,608
|align="center"|45.7
|-
|align=center|5
|[[2007 Albanian local elections|18 February 2007]]
|align="center"|373
|align="center"|2,929,293
|align="center"|46.3
|-
|align=center|6
|[[2011 Albanian local elections|8 May 2011]]
|align="center"|373
|align="center"|3,166,279
|align="center"|50.9
|-
|align=center|7
|[[2015 Albanian local elections|21 June 2015]]
|align="center"|61
|align="center"|3,372,471
|align="center"|47.3
|-
|align=center|8
|[[2019 Albanian local elections|30 June 2019]]
|align="center"|61
|align="center"|812,249
|align="center"|22.9
|-
! colspan="9"|''<small>Partial elections were held on<br/> [[Albanian local elections, 2013|1 September and 3 November 2013]], 25 June 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Më 25 qershor, zgjedhjet parlamentare dhe ato lokale në Kavajë|url=http://gazeta-shqip.com/lajme/2017/05/21/nishani-me-25-qershor-zgjedhjet-parlamentare-dhe-ato-lokale-ne-kavaje/}}</ref></small>''
|-
|}
 
==See also==
Line 24 ⟶ 365:
 
==External links==
*[Political Parties in Albania: 1912-2006/, Afrim Krasniqi, Tirana, 2007]
*[http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/albania/ Adam Carr's Election Archive]
*[http://www.parties-and-elections.deeu/albania.html Parties and electionsElections]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090701031115/http://lajme.shqiperia.com/info/rezultatet Real Time Elections Result June 2009]
 
{{Albanian elections}}
{{Albanian presidential elections}}
{{Albania topics}}
{{Elections in Europe}}
{{Albania topics}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elections In Albania}}

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