Editing Fort Street Presbyterian Church (Detroit)

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Latin: A a Á á À à Â â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā Ã ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Infobox NRHP | name =Fort Street Presbyterian Church
-{{short description|Historic church in Michigan, United States}}
+ | nrhp_type =
+ | image = FortStreetPresbyterianChurch.jpg
-{{Infobox NRHP
-| name                           = Fort Street Presbyterian Church
+ | caption = Fort Street Presbyterian Church from the northwest
+ | location= 631 West Fort Street<br>[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]
-| nrhp_type                      =
+ | lat_degrees = 42
-| image                          = FortStreetPresbyterianChurch.jpg
+ | lat_minutes = 19
-| caption                        = Fort Street Presbyterian Church from the northwest
+ | lat_seconds = 39
-| location                       = 631 West Fort Street<br>[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]
+ | lat_direction = N
-| coordinates                    = {{coord|42|19|39|N|83|3|14|W|display=inline,title}}
+ | long_degrees = 83
-| area                           =
+ | long_minutes = 3
-| built                          = 1855, 1877
+ | long_seconds = 14
-| architect                      = [[Albert Jordan|O. & A. Jordan]]
+ | long_direction = W
-| architecture                   = [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]]
+ | area =
-| added                          = September 03, 1971
+ | built =1855, 1876
-| refnum                         = 71000424<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
+ | architect= [[Albert Jordan|O. & A. Jordan]]
-| designated_other1              = Michigan State Historic Site
+ | architecture= [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]]
-| designated_other1_date         = March 3, 1971<ref name="state">{{cite web|title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church |publisher=Michigan State Housing Development Authority |url=http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/15582.htm |access-date=September 2, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517125950/http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/15582.htm |archive-date=May 17, 2012 }}</ref>
+ | added = September 03, 1971
-| designated_other1_number       =
+ | governing_body = Private
-| designated_other1_num_position = bottom
+ | refnum=71000424<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
+ | designated_other1 = Michigan State Historic Site
+ | designated_other1_date = March 3, 1971<ref name="state">{{cite web |title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church |publisher=Michigan State Housing Development Authority |url=http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/15582.htm |accessdate=September 2, 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2014}}</ref>
+ | designated_other1_number =
+ | designated_other1_num_position = bottom
 }}
-The '''Fort Street Presbyterian Church''' is located at 631 West Fort Street in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. It was constructed in 1855, and completely rebuilt in 1877. The church was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971.<ref name="nris"/><ref name="state"/> Its steeple stands {{convert|265|ft|abbr=on}}, making it one of the [[List of tallest churches in the world|tallest churches]] in the United States.
+The '''Fort Street Presbyterian Church''' is located at 631 West Fort Street in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. It was constructed in 1855, and completely rebuilt in 1876. The church was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971.<ref name="nris"/><ref name="state"/> Its steeple stands {{convert|265|ft|abbr=on}}, making it one of the [[List of tallest churches in the world|tallest churches]] in the United States.
 ==Early history==
 [[File:FortStreetPresbyterianDetroit.jpg|thumb|left|Fort Street Presbyterian Church c. 1900-1906]]
 [[File:Fort Street Presbyterian Church, Detroit 1934.jpg|thumb|left|Fort Street Presbyterian Church 1934]]
-The lot for the church was purchased from Mr. Shadrack and Mary (Stead) Gillett, whose home was located there prior to the construction of the church.<ref name="Michhist">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aT0LAAAAIAAJ&dq=henry+lord%2Bgillett&pg=PA62| title=Report of the Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan| publisher=Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan| volume=2| pages=61–62| year=1880| location=Detroit}}</ref> The population of Detroit grew rapidly in the 1830s and 1840s, in particular bringing an influx of [[English American|English]] Protestants to the city.  In 1849, Reverend Robert Kellogg organized the Second Presbyterian Church, with 26 charter members.<ref name="det1701">{{cite web| url=http://detroit1701.org/Fort%20Street%20Presbyterian.html| title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| date=December 2012| publisher=Detroit1701.org| access-date=2014-10-24}}</ref>  The congregation met for worship in the old Capitol building until it constructed a church on the corner of Lafayette and Wayne Street the next year.<ref name="fsearly">{{cite web| url=http://fortstreet.org/?page_id=158| title=History| publisher=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| access-date=2014-10-24}}</ref>
+The lot for the church was purchased from Mr. Shadrack and Mary (Stead) Gillett, whose home was located there prior to the construction of the church.<ref name="Michhist">{{cite book| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aT0LAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63&dq=henry+lord%2Bgillett#PPA62,M1| title=Report of the Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan| publisher=Pioneer Society of the State of Michigan| volume=2| pages=61–62| year=1880| location=Detroit}}</ref> The population of Detroit grew rapidly in the 1830s and 1840s, in particular bringing an influx of [[English American|English]] Protestants to the city.  In 1849, Reverend Robert Kellogg organized the Second Presbyterian Church, with 26 charter members.<ref name="det1701">{{cite web| url=http://detroit1701.org/Fort%20Street%20Presbyterian.html| title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| date=December 2012| publisher=Detroit1701.org| accessdate=2014-10-24}}</ref>  The congregation met for worship in the old Capitol building until it constructed a church on the corner of Lafayette and Wayne Street the next year.<ref name="fsearly">{{cite web| url=http://fortstreet.org/?page_id=158| title=History| publisher=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| accessdate=2014-10-24}}</ref>
 ==Construction and reconstruction==
@@ Line 32: / Line 37: @@
 The original church was completed in 1855 at a cost of $70,000.<ref name="det1701"/>  The construction cost prevented the congregation from fully finishing the interior until 15 years later, when it installed the gallery and pews conforming to the original design.<ref name="fsearly"/>
-However, the building was destroyed by fire in 1876, completely demolishing the interior, destroying the roof, and sending the spire crashing onto Fort Street.  The church was rebuilt according to the original [[architectural plan]]s the following year<ref name="det1701"/> being completed on June 10, 1877.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Farmer |first1=Silas |title=All about Detroit |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |page=219 }}</ref> Another major fire in 1914 again destroyed the roof,<ref name="fsearly"/> but the church was again rebuilt, and it remains as it had been designed by the Jordan brothers in the mid-1850s.<ref name="det1701"/> Upon completion, the current church with its steeple at {{convert|265|ft|abbr=on}} ranked as the [[List of tallest buildings in Michigan|tallest building]] in the city and state from 1877 to 1909, and is among the [[List of tallest churches in the world|tallest churches]] in the United States.
+However, the building was destroyed by fire in 1876, completely demolishing the interior, destroying the roof, and sending the spire crashing onto Fort Street.  The church was rebuilt according to the original [[architectural plan]]s the following year.<ref name="det1701"/> Another major fire in 1914 again destroyed the roof,<ref name="fsearly"/> but the church was again rebuilt, and it remains as it had been designed by the Jordan brothers in the mid-1850s.<ref name="det1701"/> Upon completion, the current church with its steeple at {{convert|265|ft|abbr=on}} ranked as the [[List of tallest buildings in Michigan|tallest building]] in the city and state from 1877 to 1909, and is among the [[List of tallest churches in the world|tallest churches]] in the United States.
 ==Architecture==
-The Fort Street Presbyterian Church is an ornately detailed [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] structure built of limestone ashlar  from [[Malden, Ontario]].  The facade features a {{convert|265|ft|m}} tall square tower with spire on one side with a shorter octagonal turret (modeled after [[King's College Chapel]] in Cambridge) on the other.<ref name="det1701"/><ref name=skyscraper>{{cite web|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=42545| title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| access-date=2007-11-05| publisher=SkyscraperPage.com}}</ref> A central stained glass window illuminates the sanctuary.  There are seven bays along the side of the church with flying buttresses, crocketed finials, lacy stonework and tall windows, designed to give the impression of lightness.<ref name="det1701"/>
+The Fort Street Presbyterian Church is an ornately detailed [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] structure built of limestone ashlar  from [[Malden, Ontario]].  The facade features a {{convert|265|ft|m}} tall square tower with spire on one side with a shorter octagonal turret (modeled after [[King's College Chapel]] in Cambridge) on the other.<ref name="det1701"/><ref name=skyscraper>{{cite web|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=42545| title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| accessdate=2007-11-05| publisher=SkyscraperPage.com}}</ref> A central stained glass window illuminates the sanctuary.  There are seven bays along the side of the church with flying buttresses, crocketed finials, lacy stonework and tall windows, designed to give the impression of lightness.<ref name="det1701"/>
-The interior of the sanctuary features a three-aisle nave and a horseshoe balcony capable of seating almost 1,000 people.  The pews are of hand-carved black walnut and the baptismal font is constructed of [[Caen stone]], supported by [[onyx]] columns imported from Mexico.<ref name="det1701"/>  Tiles dotting the stone floor are early works of [[Mary Chase Perry Stratton]], founder of [[Pewabic Pottery]].<ref name=fsfac>{{cite web| title=Facility| url=http://fortstreet.org/?page_id=52| publisher=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| access-date=2014-10-24}}</ref> The solid brass [[Eagle lectern|lectern, in the shape of an eagle]], was exhibited at the 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in [[Chicago]].
+The interior of the sanctuary features a three-aisle nave and a horseshoe balcony capable of seating almost 1,000 people.  The pews are of hand-carved black walnut and the baptismal font is constructed of [[Caen stone]], supported by [[onyx]] columns imported from Mexico.<ref name="det1701"/>  Tiles dotting the stone floor are early works of [[Mary Chase Perry Stratton]], founder of [[Pewabic Pottery]].<ref name=fsfac>{{cite web| title=Facility| url=http://fortstreet.org/?page_id=52| publisher=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| accessdate=2014-10-24}}</ref> The solid brass [[Eagle lectern|lectern, in the shape of an eagle]], was exhibited at the 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in [[Chicago]].
 [[File:FortStreetPresbyterianOrgan.jpg|thumb|left|Church Organ c. 1900-1915]]
-The church organ was built in 1914 by Wangerian-Weickhardt, and contains 3,253 pipes ranging in length from 1/4&nbsp;inch to 16 feet.  It incorporates a small portion of the original 1855 organ.<ref name="fsfac"/>
+The church organ was builtby in 1914 by Wangerian-Weickhardt, and contains 3,253 pipes ranging in length from 1/4&nbsp;inch to 16 feet.  It incorporates a small portion of the original 1855 organ.<ref name="fsfac"/>
 ===Significance===
-The Fort Street Presbyterian Church exemplifies an important step in the rise of "revivalist" architecture in 19th-century America.  American architects of the mid-19th century imported and re-interpreted the English [[Gothic Revival]] style, based on the visually lush details of Medieval cathedrals.  The American architects copied the "Gothic" elements and combined them with simple building plans to create an American architectural style known as "[[Victorian Gothic]]". The Jordan brothers subscribed to this ethic, and their Fort Street Presbyterian Church, as well as being one of Michigan's oldest churches, is a premier example of Victorian Gothic architecture.  The church has remained essentially unchanged despite fires there in 1877 and 1914.<ref name="det1701"/><ref name="nps">{{cite web| url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/detroit/d18.htm| title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| publisher=[[National Park Service]]| access-date=2014-10-24}}</ref>
+The Fort Street Presbyterian Church exemplifies an important step in the rise of "revivalist" architecture in 19th-century America.  American architects of the mid-19th century imported and re-interpreted the English [[Gothic Revival]] style, based on the visually lush details of Medieval cathedrals.  The American architects copied the "Gothic" elements and combined them with simple building plans to create an American architectural style known as "[[Victorian Gothic]]". The Jordan brothers subscribed to this ethic, and their Fort Street Presbyterian Church, as well as being one of Michigan's oldest churches, is a premier example of Victorian Gothic architecture.  The church has remained essentially unchanged despite fires there in 1877 and 1914.<ref name="det1701"/><ref name="nps">{{cite web| url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/detroit/d18.htm| title=Fort Street Presbyterian Church| publisher=[[National Park Service]]| accessdate=2014-10-24}}</ref>
 ==Later history==
-In the early 20th century, the church began focusing more on social service programs, as people of more modest incomes moved into the surrounding, formerly aristocratic, area.<ref name="fswar">[http://www.fortstreet.org/Facility/History/warandturmoil.html War and Turmoil] from Fort Street Presbyterian Church {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011120248/http://www.fortstreet.org/Facility/History/warandturmoil.html |date=October 11, 2008 }}</ref> In 1908, James Joy donated property adjoining the church, and Mrs. Oren Scotten gave $50,000 to pay for the construction of the Church House.  This enabled the church to minister to the newer congregants, and the church used the gymnasium in the Church House as a kind of "health club," enrolling men, women, and children in gym classes.  The church also sponsored one of the first [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scout]] troops west of the Alleghenies.<ref name="fstrib">[http://www.fortstreet.org/Facility/History/tribulations.html Tribulations] from Fort Street Presbyterian Church {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121143606/http://www.fortstreet.org/Facility/History/tribulations.html |date=November 21, 2007 }}</ref>
+In the early 20th century, the church began focusing more on social service programs, as people of more modest incomes moved into the surrounding, formerly aristocratic, area.<ref name="fswar">[http://www.fortstreet.org/Facility/History/warandturmoil.html War and Turmoil] from Fort Street Presbyterian Church{{dead link|date=October 2014}}</ref> In 1908, James Joy donated property adjoining the church, and Mrs. Oren Scotten gave $50,000 to pay for the construction of the Church House.  This enabled the church to minister to the newer congregants, and the church used the gymnasium in the Church House as a kind of "health club," enrolling men, women, and children in gym classes.  The church also sponsored one of the first [[Boy Scouts of America|Boy Scout]] troops west of the Alleghenies.<ref name="fstrib">[http://www.fortstreet.org/Facility/History/tribulations.html Tribulations] from Fort Street Presbyterian Church{{dead link|date=October 2014}}</ref>
 Membership grew steadily up through the middle of the [[Great Depression]]; however, membership, revenue, and attendance fell off afterward.  In the early 1940s, plans were afoot to close the expensive church and perhaps pool with other congregations to open a combined church elsewhere in the city.  However, [[World War II]] intervened. During the war, the church converted the gymnasium of the Church House into a dormitory for servicemen who were arriving at [[Fort Street Union Depot]] located across Third Street. By the war's end, the church had provided transient accommodations for 60,000 men.<ref name="fstrib"/>
@@ Line 57: / Line 62: @@
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCb16WfegR8C| first=Dana Lee| last=Robert| title=Occupy Until I Come: A.T. Pierson and the Evangelization of the World| publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing| pages=53–61| date=1 June 2003| isbn=978-0802807809| quote= Pierson served as pastor Fort Street Presbyterian beginning in 1869}}
+*{{cite book| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lCb16WfegR8C| first=Dana Lee| last=Robert| title=Occupy Until I Come: A.T. Pierson and the Evangelization of the World| publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing| pages=53–61| date=1 June 2003| isbn=978-0802807809| quote= Pierson served as pastor Fort Street Presbyterian beginning in 1869}}
 ==External links==
-*{{commons category-inline|Fort Street Presbyterian Church (Detroit, Michigan)}}
 *[http://www.fortstreet.org/ Fort Street Presbyterian Church] home page
-*[https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-240-62f7mgk0 “Miracle on Fort Street”] [[Detroit Public Television]], The Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection at the University of Georgia, [[American Archive of Public Broadcasting]]
+{{Registered Historic Places}}
-{{Downtown Detroit}}
-{{National Register of Historic Places in Michigan}}
 {{Religious landmarks in metropolitan Detroit}}
 [[Category:Churches completed in 1877]]
 [[Category:Towers completed in 1877]]
-[[Category:Churches in Detroit]]
+[[Category:Churches in Detroit, Michigan]]
 [[Category:Bell towers in the United States]]
 [[Category:English-American history]]
 [[Category:Towers in Michigan]]
-[[Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan]]
+[[Category:Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan]]
-[[Category:19th-century Presbyterian church buildings in the United States]]
+[[Category:19th-century Presbyterian church buildings]]
 [[Category:Religious organizations established in 1849]]
 [[Category:Presbyterian organizations established in the 19th century]]
@@ Line 80: / Line 83: @@
 [[Category:Michigan State Historic Sites]]
 [[Category:1849 establishments in Michigan]]
-[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Detroit]]

Editing Fort Street Presbyterian Church (Detroit)

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