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TheHCC developmentmost ofcommonly HCCoccurs isin attributedthose towith fibrosischronic andliver disease especially those with cirrhosis or fibrosis, which occur in the setting of chronic liver injury and inflammation. TheHCC latteris beingrare closelyin linkedthose towithout chronic viralliver disease. Chronic liver diseases which greatly increase the risk of HCC include [[hepatitis]] infection such as ([[hepatitis B]]or, [[hepatitis C|C]]) or exposure[[hepatitis toD]], toxins[[non-alcoholic suchfatty asliver disease]] (NASH), [[Alcoholicalcoholic beverage|alcoholliver disease]], or exposure to toxins such as [[aflatoxin]], or [[pyrrolizidine alkaloids]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tan DJ, Wong C, Ng CH, Poh CW, Jain SR, Huang DQ, Muthiah MD | title = A Meta-Analysis on the Rate of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence after Liver Transplant and Associations to Etiology, Alpha-Fetoprotein, Income and Ethnicity | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 238 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33440759 | pmc = 7828059 | doi = 10.3390/jcm10020238 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Robbins_Cotran_2015">{{Cite book |veditors=Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A |year=2015 |title=Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease |edition=9th |publisher=Saunders |isbn=978-1-4557-2613-4 }}</ref>{{rp|870–873}} Certain diseases, such as [[HFE hereditary haemochromatosis|hemochromatosis]] and [[alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]], markedly increase the risk of developing HCC. [[MetabolicThe syndrome]]5 andyear [[Non-alcoholicsurvival fattyin liverthose disease|NASH]]with areHCC alsois increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC18%.<ref name="Robbins_Cotran_2015Villanueva 2019">{{Citecite bookjournal |veditorslast1=Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas AVillanueva |yearfirst1=2015Augusto |title=RobbinsHepatocellular &Carcinoma Cotran|journal=New PathologicEngland BasisJournalofDiseaseMedicine |editiondate=9th11 April 2019 |publishervolume=Saunders380 |isbnissue=978-1-4557-2613-415 |pages=1450–1462 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1713263}}</ref>{{rp|870–873}}
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