Hinamatsuri: Difference between revisions

{{ForFor2|the manga series|Hinamatsuri (manga)}}

{{Redir|Girls Day|the South Korean girl group|Girl's Day|other uses|Girls' Day (disambiguation)}}

|litcolor =

|significance = A Shinto and Japanese cultural holiday

|begins = Hinamatsuri is celebrated annually on March 3rd

|observances = A religious (Shinto) holiday in Japan

{{transliteration|ja|Hinamatsuri}} is one of the {{nihongo|five seasonal festivals|五節句|[[gosekku]]}} that are held on auspicious dates of the [[ChineseLunisolar calendar]]: the first day of the first month, the third day of the third month, and so on. After the adoption of the [[Gregorian calendar]], these were fixed on [[New Year's Day|1{{nbsp}}January]], 3{{nbsp}}March, [[Tango no sekku|5{{nbsp}}May]], [[Tanabata|7{{nbsp}}July]], and [[Chrysanthemum Day|9{{nbsp}}September]]. The festival was traditionally known as the {{nihongo|Peach Festival|桃の節句|Momo no Sekku}}, as [[peach]] trees typically began to flower around this time.<ref name="nippon.com">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/features/jg00031/ |title="Hinamatsuri": Japan's Doll Festival |date=27 February 2015 |website=Nippon.com |publisher=Nippon Communications Foundation |language=en |access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> Although this is no longer true since the shift to Gregorian dates, the name remains and peaches are still symbolic of the festival.<ref name="JT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2011/02/25/food/delicious-dishes-that-are-fit-for-a-princess/ |title=Delicious dishes that are fit for a princess |last=Itoh |first=Makiko |date=25 February 2011 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |access-date=1 March 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0447-5763}}</ref>

Families normally ensure that girls and women have a set of the two main dolls before their first Hinamatsuri. The dolls are usually fairly expensive ($1,500 to $2,500 for a five-tier set, depending on quality) and may be handed down from older generations as [[heirloom]]s. The {{transliteration|ja|hinakazari}} spends most of the year in storage, and girls or women and their mothers begin setting up the display a few days before 3{{nbsp}}March (boys and men normally do not participate, as 5{{nbsp}}May, now [[Children's Day (Japan)|Children's Day]], was historically called "Boys' Day").<ref name="stripes">{{Cite web |url=https://okinawa.stripes.com/news/girl-power-hina-matsuri-way |title=Girl power the Hina Matsuri way |last=Nakahara |first=Tetsuo |date=24 February 2016 |website=Stripes Okinawa |publisher=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |language=en |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125162741/https://okinawa.stripes.com/news/girl-power-hina-matsuri-way |archive-date=25 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Traditionally, the dolls were supposed to be put away by the day after {{transliteration|ja|Hinamatsuri}}, the [[superstition]] being that leaving the dolls any longer will result in a late marriage for the daughter,<ref name="Aruku">{{cite book|page=36|title=日本事情入門: View of Today's Japan|first=Mizue |last=Sasaki |publisher=Alc|year=1999 |isbn= 4-87234-434-0}}</ref> but some families may leave them up for the entire month of March.<ref name="stripes"/> Practically speaking, the encouragement to put everything away quickly is to avoid the rainy season and humidity that typically follows {{transliteration|ja|Hinamatsuri}}.<ref name="Voyapon" />

Historically, the dolls were used as toys,<ref name="Shoaf" /> but in modern times they are intended for display only.<ref name="stripes"/> The display of dolls is usually discontinued when the girls and women reach ten years oldof age.<ref name="Shoaf" />

During {{transliteration|ja|Hinamatsuri}} and the preceding days, girls and women hold parties with their friends. Typical foods include {{nihongo3|multi-colored rice crackers|雛あられ|hina-[[arare (food)|arare]]}}, {{nihongo3|raw fish and vegetables on rice in a bowl or {{transliteration|ja|[[bento]]}} box|ちらし寿司|[[Sushi#Chirashizushi|chirashizushi]]}}, {{nihongo3|multi-colored rice cakes|菱餅|[[hishi mochi]]}},<ref name="nippon.com"/> {{nihongo3|strawberries wrapped in [[adzuki bean]] paste|いちご大福|ichigo daifuku}}, {{nihongo||桜餅|[[Sakuramochi]]}} and {{nihongo3|clam soup, as clam shells represent a joined pair|うしお汁|ushiojiru}}.<ref name="JT"/> The customary drink is {{nihongo3|lit. "white sake"|白酒|shirozake}}, also called {{nihongo|lit. "sweet sake"|甘酒|amazake}}, a non-alcoholic [[sake]].<ref name="Ruoo">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHkyUp-EH2MC&q=hishimochi+shirozake+chirashisushi&pg=PA134|page=134|title=Gift-giving in Japan: cash, connections, cosmologies |first=Katherine |last=Rupp |publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2003 |isbn= 0-8047-4704-0}}</ref><ref name="JT"/>

{{nihongonihongo3|''Tsurushi-Bina''|吊るし雛, lit. "Hanging Dolls"|吊るし雛|Tsurushi-Bina}}, traditional decoration for ''Hinamatsuri'', are lengths of coloured cords (usually in [[red]]), usually featuring decorations of miniature baby-dolls, which were originally made from leftover kimono silk (so the idea of repurposing fabric scraps is central to this craft; it is a great activity for using up leftover materials). ''Tsurushi-Bina'' are not limited to featuring miniature baby-dolls, but also flowers (i.e., camellia flower, etc.), shells, ''[[Temari (toy)|Temari]]'' balls, colourful triangles to represent mountains (such as Mount Fuji, etc.), etc., and with [[tassels]] at the bottom.

<gallery class="center" style="line-height:130%" widths="180" heights="180">

File:Hinamatsuri store display.jpg|{{transliteration|ja|Hinamatsuri}} store display in [[Seattle, Washington]], featuring all 7 tiers.

File:Hinamatsuridolls2010.ogv|thumbtime=7|(video) A five platform doll set.

The top tier holds two dolls, known as {{nihongo|imperial dolls|内裏雛 (だいりびな)|dairi-bina}}. The words ''dairi'' means "[[List of Japanese Imperial Residences|imperial palace]]". These are the ''obina'' holding a {{nihongo|ritual baton|笏|[[Shaku (Japanese ritual baton)|shaku]]}} and ''mebina'' holding a fan. The pair are also known as {{nihongo||殿|tono}} and {{nihongo||姫|hime}} (lord and princess) or {{nihongo||御内裏様|Odairi-sama}} and {{nihongo||御雛様|Ohina-sama}} (honored palace official and honored doll).<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ja:捨てたいのに広まった 「うれしいひなまつり」|date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=The Asahi Shimbun |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302122526/http://www.asahi.com/shopping/tabibito/TKY201203010324.html |archive-date=2 March 2012 |url=http://www.asahi.com/shopping/tabibito/TKY201203010324.html|language=ja}}</ref> Although they are sometimes referred to as the Emperor and Empress, they only represent the positions and not the actualparticular individuals themselves (with the exception of some dolls from the [[Meiji era|Meiji periodEra]] that actually depict [[Emperor Meiji]] and [[Empress Shōken]]). The two are usually placed in front of a gold [[folding screen]] {{nihongo||屏風|[[byōbu]]}} and placed beside green Japanese garden trees.<ref name="Shoaf" />

The second tier holds three court ladies {{nihongo||三人官女|san-nin kanjo}} who serve sake to the male and female dolls. TwoCommonly, oftwo themdolls are standing withon servingboth utensils,sides of one withseated adoll, {{nihongo|longbut handle|長柄の銚子|Nagaethere noare chōshi}}people andwho theuse othertwo withseated adolls {{nihongo|shorton one|加えの銚子|Kuwaeboth nosides chōshi}}.of The {{nihongo|third|三方|Sanpō}}, placed in the middle, holds a small table and maybeone standing or sitting/[[Seiza|kneeling]]doll.<ref name="Shoaf" />

# {{nihongo|Flute|笛|[[Fue (flute)|Fue]]}}, or {{nihongo||横笛|Yokobue}}, seated,

# LaughingCrying drinker {{nihongo||笑い泣き上戸|waraijōgonakijōgo}} bearing a {{nihongo|rake|熊手|kumade}},

TheIt is said that the first recordtime ofHina dolls beingwere shown in the manner they are displayednow as part of the Peach Festival dateswas backwhen tothe 1625,young when[[Empress ImperialMeishō|princess courtMeisho]] ladiessucceeded setto upthe equipmentthrone forof her abdicating father, [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]]'s daughter, Oki-koin to1629. engageBecause empresses regnantin{{nihongo|dollJapan play|雛遊び|hinaat asobi}}.the Aftertime Oki-kowere succeedednot herallowed fatherto asget themarried, Meisho's mother, [[EmpressTokugawa MeishōMasako]], created a doll arrangement showing Meisho blissfully wedded.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nagata |first=Hisashi |title=年中行事を「科学」する 暦のなかの文化と知恵 |publisher=日本経済新聞出版 |date=March 14, 1989 |pages=72–73}}</ref> Hinamatsuri legallythen officially became the holiday's name of the festival in 1687. Doll-makers began making elaborate dolls for the festival (some growing as tall as {{convert|3|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} high before laws were passed restricting their size). Over time, the ''hinazakarihinakazari'' evolved to include fifteen dolls and accessories. As dolls became more expensive, tiers were added to the ''hinadan'' so that the expensive ones could be placed out of the reach of young children.<ref name="Shoaf"/>

* [[Golu (festive)|Golu]] – a similar tradition in India

* [http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa022501a.htm Hinamatsuri (Doll's Festival)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010043530/http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa022501a.htm |date=10 October 2009 }}