Content that violates any copyrights will be deleted. Encyclopedic content must be verifiable through citations to reliable sources.
You are about to undo an edit. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit. If you are undoing an edit that is not vandalism, explain the reason in the edit summary. Do not use the default message only. |
| Latest revision | Your text | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
Major clinical signs of hyperthyroidism include [[weight loss]] (often accompanied by an increased [[appetite]]), anxiety, [[heat intolerance]], hair loss (especially of the outer third of the eyebrows), muscle aches, weakness, fatigue, hyperactivity, irritability, [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]],<ref name="Thyrotoxicosis and Hyperthyroidism"/> [[polyuria|excessive urination]], [[polydipsia|excessive thirst]], [[delirium]], [[tremor]], [[pretibial myxedema]] (in [[Graves' disease]]), [[emotional lability]], and sweating. [[Panic attacks]], inability to concentrate, and [[memory]] problems may also occur. [[Psychosis]] and [[paranoia]], common during [[thyroid storm]], are rare with milder hyperthyroidism. Many persons will experience complete remission of symptoms 1 to 2 months after a [[euthyroid]] state is obtained, with a marked reduction in anxiety, sense of exhaustion, irritability, and depression. Some individuals may have an increased rate of anxiety or persistence of [[affective]] and cognitive symptoms for several months to up to 10 years after a euthyroid state is established.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bradley's neurology in clinical practice.|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Philadelphia, PA|chapter=Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice.|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4377-0434-1|pages=102–103|edition=6th}}</ref> In addition, those with hyperthyroidism may present with a variety of physical symptoms such as [[palpitations]] and [[Heart arrhythmia|abnormal heart rhythms]] (the notable ones being [[atrial fibrillation]]), shortness of breath ([[dyspnea]]), loss of [[libido]], [[amenorrhea]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[gynecomastia]] and [[feminization (biology)|feminization]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chan WB, Yeung VT, Chow CC, So WY, Cockram CS | title = Gynaecomastia as a presenting feature of thyrotoxicosis | journal = Postgraduate Medical Journal | volume = 75 | issue = 882 | pages = 229–231 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10715765 | pmc = 1741202 | doi = 10.1136/pgmj.75.882.229 }}</ref> Long term untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to [[osteoporosis]]. These classical symptoms may not be present often in the elderly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20373659 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Mayo Clinic |language=en}}</ref> |
Major clinical signs of hyperthyroidism include [[weight loss]] (often accompanied by an increased [[appetite]]), anxiety, [[heat intolerance]], hair loss (especially of the outer third of the eyebrows), muscle aches, weakness, fatigue, hyperactivity, irritability, [[hyperglycemia|high blood sugar]],<ref name="Thyrotoxicosis and Hyperthyroidism"/> [[polyuria|excessive urination]], [[polydipsia|excessive thirst]], [[delirium]], [[tremor]], [[pretibial myxedema]] (in [[Graves' disease]]), [[emotional lability]], and sweating. [[Panic attacks]], inability to concentrate, and [[memory]] problems may also occur. [[Psychosis]] and [[paranoia]], common during [[thyroid storm]], are rare with milder hyperthyroidism. Many persons will experience complete remission of symptoms 1 to 2 months after a [[euthyroid]] state is obtained, with a marked reduction in anxiety, sense of exhaustion, irritability, and depression. Some individuals may have an increased rate of anxiety or persistence of [[affective]] and cognitive symptoms for several months to up to 10 years after a euthyroid state is established.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bradley's neurology in clinical practice.|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Philadelphia, PA|chapter=Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice.|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4377-0434-1|pages=102–103|edition=6th}}</ref> In addition, those with hyperthyroidism may present with a variety of physical symptoms such as [[palpitations]] and [[Heart arrhythmia|abnormal heart rhythms]] (the notable ones being [[atrial fibrillation]]), shortness of breath ([[dyspnea]]), loss of [[libido]], [[amenorrhea]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[gynecomastia]] and [[feminization (biology)|feminization]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chan WB, Yeung VT, Chow CC, So WY, Cockram CS | title = Gynaecomastia as a presenting feature of thyrotoxicosis | journal = Postgraduate Medical Journal | volume = 75 | issue = 882 | pages = 229–231 | date = April 1999 | pmid = 10715765 | pmc = 1741202 | doi = 10.1136/pgmj.75.882.229 }}</ref> Long term untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to [[osteoporosis]]. These classical symptoms may not be present often in the elderly.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyperthyroidism - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20373659 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Mayo Clinic |language=en}}</ref> |
||
Bone loss, which is associated with overt but not subclinical hyperthyroidism, may occur in 10 to 20% of patients. This may be due to an increase in bone remodelling and a decrease in bone density, and increases fracture risk. It is more common in postmenopausal women; less so in younger women, and men. Bone disease related to hyperthyroidism was first described by Frederick von Recklinghausen, in 1891; he described the bones of a woman who died of hyperthyroidism as appearing "worm-eaten".<ref>{{cite web | last=Miragaya | first=Joanna | title=Preventing 'Worm-eaten Bones' From Hyperthyroidism | website=Medscape | date=31 July 2023 | url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/994801}}</ref> |
Bone loss, which is associated with overt but not subclinical hyperthyroidism, may occur in 10 to 20% of patients. This may be due to an increase in bone remodelling and a decrease in bone density, and increases fracture risk. It is more common in postmenopausal women; less so in younger women, and men. Bone disease related to hyperthyroidism was first described by [[Frederick von Recklinghausen]], in 1891; he described the bones of a woman who died of hyperthyroidism as appearing "worm-eaten".<ref>{{cite web | last=Miragaya | first=Joanna | title=Preventing 'Worm-eaten Bones' From Hyperthyroidism | website=Medscape | date=31 July 2023 | url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/994801}}</ref> |
||
Neurological manifestations can include [[tremor]]s, [[Chorea (disease)|chorea]], [[myopathy]], and in some susceptible individuals (in particular of Asian descent) [[Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis|periodic paralysis]]. An association between thyroid disease and [[myasthenia gravis]] has been recognized. Thyroid disease, in this condition, is [[autoimmune]] in nature and approximately 5% of people with myasthenia gravis also have hyperthyroidism. Myasthenia gravis rarely improves after thyroid treatment and the relationship between the two entities is becoming better understood over the past 15 years.<ref name="pmid16840920">{{cite journal | vauthors = Trabelsi L, Charfi N, Triki C, Mnif M, Rekik N, Mhiri C, Abid M | title = [Myasthenia gravis and hyperthyroidism: two cases] | language = French | journal = Annales d'Endocrinologie | volume = 67 | issue = 3 | pages = 265–9 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16840920 | doi = 10.1016/s0003-4266(06)72597-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Rong-hua |last1=Song |first2=Qiu-ming |last2=Yao |first3=Bin |last3=Wang |first4=Qian |last4=Li |first5=Xi |last5=Jia |first6=Jin-an |last6=Zhang |title=Thyroid disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Autoimmunity Reviews |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |volume=18 |doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102368 |pmid=31404702 |s2cid=199549144 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102368 |access-date=2024-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhu Y, Wang B, Hao Y, Zhu R |title=Clinical features of myasthenia gravis with neurological and systemic autoimmune diseases |journal=Front Immunol |date=September 2023 |volume=14 |issue=14:1223322 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223322 |doi-access=free |pmid=37781409 |pmc= 10538566}} </ref> |
Neurological manifestations can include [[tremor]]s, [[Chorea (disease)|chorea]], [[myopathy]], and in some susceptible individuals (in particular of Asian descent) [[Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis|periodic paralysis]]. An association between thyroid disease and [[myasthenia gravis]] has been recognized. Thyroid disease, in this condition, is [[autoimmune]] in nature and approximately 5% of people with myasthenia gravis also have hyperthyroidism. Myasthenia gravis rarely improves after thyroid treatment and the relationship between the two entities is becoming better understood over the past 15 years.<ref name="pmid16840920">{{cite journal | vauthors = Trabelsi L, Charfi N, Triki C, Mnif M, Rekik N, Mhiri C, Abid M | title = [Myasthenia gravis and hyperthyroidism: two cases] | language = French | journal = Annales d'Endocrinologie | volume = 67 | issue = 3 | pages = 265–9 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16840920 | doi = 10.1016/s0003-4266(06)72597-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Rong-hua |last1=Song |first2=Qiu-ming |last2=Yao |first3=Bin |last3=Wang |first4=Qian |last4=Li |first5=Xi |last5=Jia |first6=Jin-an |last6=Zhang |title=Thyroid disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Autoimmunity Reviews |issue=10 |date=October 2019 |volume=18 |doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102368 |pmid=31404702 |s2cid=199549144 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102368 |access-date=2024-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhu Y, Wang B, Hao Y, Zhu R |title=Clinical features of myasthenia gravis with neurological and systemic autoimmune diseases |journal=Front Immunol |date=September 2023 |volume=14 |issue=14:1223322 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223322 |doi-access=free |pmid=37781409 |pmc= 10538566}} </ref> |
||
Copy and paste: – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Cite your sources: <ref></ref>
{{}} {{{}}} | [] [[]] [[Category:]] #REDIRECT [[]] <s></s> <sup></sup> <sub></sub> <code></code> <pre></pre> <blockquote></blockquote> <ref></ref> <ref name="" /> {{Reflist}} <references /> <includeonly></includeonly> <noinclude></noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:}} <nowiki></nowiki> <!-- --> <span class="plainlinks"></span>
Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ∞ ‹› «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ 𝄫 ♭ ♮ ♯ 𝄪 © ® ™
Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
Wikidata entities used in this page
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):
This page is a member of 10 hidden categories (help):