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| prognosis =
| frequency = 1.2% (US)<ref name=ATA2011/>
| deaths = Rare directly, unless [[thyroid storm]] occurs; associated with increased mortality if untreated (1.23 [[hazard ratio|HR]])<ref name="Lillevang-Johansen Abrahamsen Jørgensen Brix 2017 pp. 2301–2309">{{cite journal |
}}
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[[Surgery]] ([[thyroidectomy]] to remove the whole thyroid or a part of it) is not extensively used because most common forms of hyperthyroidism are quite effectively treated by the radioactive iodine method, and because there is a risk of also removing the [[parathyroid glands]], and of cutting the [[recurrent laryngeal nerve]], making swallowing difficult, and even simply generalized [[staphylococcus|staphylococcal]] infection as with any major surgery. Some people with Graves' may opt for surgical intervention. This includes those that cannot tolerate medicines for one reason or another, people that are allergic to iodine, or people that refuse radioiodine.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Catania A, Guaitoli E, Carbotta G, Bianchini M, Di Matteo FM, Carbotta S, Nardi M, Fabiani E, Grani G, D'Andrea V, Fumarola A | display-authors = 6 | title = Total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease treatment | journal = La Clinica Terapeutica | volume = 164 | issue = 3 | pages = 193–196 | date = 2012 | pmid = 23868618 | doi = 10.7417/CT.2013.1548 }}</ref>
A 2019 [[systematic review]] concluded that the available evidence shows no difference between visually identifying the nerve or utilizing intraoperative [[neuroimaging]] during surgery, when trying to prevent injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery.<ref>{{Cite journal |
If people have toxic nodules treatments typically include either removal or injection of the nodule with alcohol.<ref>{{cite book |title=Endocrinology : adult and pediatric|date=2010|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781416055839|page=Chapter 82|edition=6th|url=https://www.inkling.com/read/endocrinology-jameson-de-groot-6th/chapter-82/chapter082-reader-1 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
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{{see also|Thyroid disease in pregnancy}}
Recognizing and evaluating hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is a diagnostic challenge.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fumarola A, Di Fiore A, Dainelli M, Grani G, Carbotta G, Calvanese A | title = Therapy of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy and breastfeeding | journal = Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey | volume = 66 | issue = 6 | pages = 378–385 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21851752 | doi = 10.1097/ogx.0b013e31822c6388 | s2cid = 28728514 }}</ref> Thyroid hormones are naturally elevated during pregnancy. Thyroid function generally normalizes in by the second trimester without treatment.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tan JY, Loh KC, Yeo GS, Chee YC | title = Transient hyperthyroidism of hyperemesis gravidarum | journal = BJOG | volume = 109 | issue = 6 | pages = 683–688 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12118648 | doi = 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01223.x | s2cid = 34693980 }}</ref>{{Medical citation needed|date=September 2022}} Hyperthyroidism must also be distinguished from gestational transient thyrotoxicosis; as it can increase the risk of complications for mother and child.<ref name = "Moleti_2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moleti M, Di Mauro M, Sturniolo G, Russo M, Vermiglio F | title = Hyperthyroidism in the pregnant woman: Maternal and fetal aspects | journal = Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology | volume = 16 | pages = 100190 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 31049292 | pmc = 6484219 | doi = 10.1016/j.jcte.2019.100190 }}</ref> Such risks include pregnancy-related hypertension, pregnancy loss, low-birth weight, still birth and behavioral disorders later in the child's life.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Krassas GE |date=2010-10-01 |title=Thyroid Function and Human Reproductive Health |url=https://academic.oup.com/
==Other animals==
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{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | veditors = Brent GA | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zxBqGlxwObYC | title = Thyroid Function Testing | location = New York | publisher = Springer | series = Endocrine Updates | volume = 28 | edition = 1st | date = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4419-1484-2}}
* {{Cite journal |vauthors=Ross DS, etal |title=2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/thy.2016.0229 |doi=10.1089/thy.2016.0229 |journal=Thyroid |volume=26 |issue=10 |date=Oct 2016 |pages=
* {{Cite web | vauthors = Spadafori G| title=Hyperthyroidism: A Common Ailment in Older Cats | url=http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&S=0&C=0&A=138 | work=The Pet Connection | date=20 January 1997 | publisher=Veterinary Information Network | access-date=28 January 2007}}
* {{Cite journal | vauthors = Siraj ES |date=June 2008 |title=Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperthyroidism |journal=Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=298–307 |url=http://www.turner-white.com/memberfile.php?PubCode=jcom_jun08_hyperthyroidism.pdf |access-date=24 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019153905/http://www.turner-white.com/memberfile.php?PubCode=jcom_jun08_hyperthyroidism.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}
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