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Ivaritji was born in [[Port Adelaide]], South Australia in the late 1840s to [[Ityamai-itpina]], a leader of the Kaurna people, and his wife Tankaira of [[Clare, South Australia|Clare]], South Australia. Her childhood name was "Itja mau".{{sfn|Gara|1990|p=64}} She had a younger brother, Wima; an older brother, James Phillips; and several other siblings who died at a young age.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Gara|first=Tom|title=Biography - Ivaritji|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ivaritji-29705|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|pages=64|place=Canberra|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=2021-03-24}}</ref>
The Kaurna, who may have numbered several thousand before European contact in the 1790s, were devastated by the introduced diseases and disruption to their way of life it brought, and few were left in the [[Adelaide]] area by the 1850s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lockwood|first=Christine|url=https://www.wakefieldpress.com.au/product.php?productid=1385|title=Colonialism and its Aftermath: A history of Aboriginal South Australia|date=2017|publisher=[[Wakefield Press (Australia)|Wakefield Press]]|isbn=978-174305499-4|editor1-last=Brock|editor1-first=Peggy|pages=81|chapter=4. Early encounters on the Adelaide Plains and Encounter Bay|editor2-last=Gara|editor2-first=Tom}}</ref> When Adelaide became more populated during its early [[British colonisation of South Australia|colonisation]] by European settlers, the tribe moved south to the [[Clarendon, South Australia|Clarendon]] district, where its members led semi-nomadic lives in and around the southern [[Adelaide Hills]], travelling between [[Aboriginal ration depot|ration depots]].<ref>{{cite news|date=17 December 1927|title=THE ADELAIDE TRIBE.|volume=LXX|page=54|newspaper=[[The Chronicle (South Australia)|The Chronicle]]|issue=3,807|location=South Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article90091178|access-date=24 March 2021|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Ivaritji's family became well-known in the region, with her parents referred to as "King Rodney" and "Queen Charlotte", and Ivaritji "Princess Amelia" by the local white settlers.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 August 1933|title=TOWNS, PEOPLE, AND THINGS WE OUGHT TO KNOW|volume=LXXVI|page=45|newspaper=[[The Chronicle (South Australia)|The Chronicle]]|issue=4,003|location=South Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article90884121|url-status=live|access-date=24 March 2021|via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
When both of her parents died in the early 1860s, Ivaritji was adopted by Thomas Daily—Clarendon schoolmaster and distributor of [[Rationing|rations]] to Aboriginal people—and his wife.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 January 1930|title=LAST OF HER TRIBE|volume=LXXII|page=49|newspaper=[[The Chronicle (South Australia)|The Chronicle]]|issue=3,827|location=South Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article90100988|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> She stayed with them for several years, learning to read and write in English, before leaving to rejoin other Aboriginal people.{{sfn|Gara|1990|p=74}} By the late 19th century, Ivaritji and several members of the last remaining Kaurna had moved to the [[Point McLeay Mission]]. There, Ivaritji worked as a cook for the reverend [[George Taplin]], and was for a time married to George Taylor ({{Circa|1859}} – 1915), an Aboriginal man from [[Kingston SE|Kingston]]. After briefly working as a domestic servant in [[Norwood, South Australia|Norwood]], she moved to the [[Point Pearce, South Australia|Point Pearce Mission Station]], where she lived for many years.<ref name=":0" />
On 20 December 1920, she married Charles John Savage (1853 – 1932), a man of African American descent, at the [[Holy Trinity Church, Adelaide|Holy Trinity Church]] in Adelaide. Charles was not permitted to live at the Point Pearce Mission with Ivaritji as he was not Aboriginal, so the couple moved to [[Moonta, South Australia|Moonta]], where they lived in a small cottage on a section of an Aboriginal Reserve called '[[Cross Roads, South Australia|the Crossroads]]'.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Chief Protector of Aborigines]], [[William Garnet South]], denied the couple the license to the 18 acre reserve surrounding the cottage, instead allowing them only 1 acre and licensing the rest to a white farmer. Later, Ivaritji received £1 rent per month from a farmer who cropped the land.{{sfn|Gara|1990|p=85}} She supplemented Charles' pension and her rations by selling mats and baskets woven from discarded [[Hay#Baling|baling]] twine collected from neighbouring fields. She was a common sight in the Moonta township, where she spruiked her handicrafts to residents and tourists.<ref name=":0" />
In 1929, she moved to a shared cottage on the Point Pearce reserve, as she had been struggling to support herself and was ineligible to receive an age pension due to being a "full-blooded" Aboriginal and thus considered a [[Ward (law)|ward of the state]] under the laws of the time.<ref name=":0" /> She succumbed to pneumonia on Christmas Day 1929 at the Point Pierce hospital, leaving no direct descendants. At her death, she was referred to as the "last of her tribe",<ref>{{cite news|date=11 January 1930|title=LAST OF HER TRIBE|page=23|newspaper=[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]|location=South Australia|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article29002519|via=National Library of Australia|access-date=27 March 2021}}</ref> however numerous descendants—although not of full Kaurna heritage—of her paternal aunt and other Kaurna people were still alive and have descendants of their own alive today.{{sfn|Gara|1990|p=98-99}}
== Legacy ==
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