List of passive satellites

Calsphere
- Calsphere 1A
- Calsphere 2
- Calsphere 3
- Calsphere 4
- Calsphere 4A
- Calsphere 5^[1]
Dragsphere 1^[2]
Dragsphere 2^[2]
Enoch^[3]
Explorer 9
GFZ-1^[4]
Humanity Star^[5]
LCS-1^[6]
PAGEOS
PAMS-STU, see STS-77^[7]
POPACS^[8]
Reflector^[9]
PasComSat
Rigid Sphere 1 (AVL-802H)^[10]
Rigid Sphere 2^[11]
Sfera^[12]

Dedicated laser ranging satellites

edit

Several dedicated laser ranging satellites were put in orbit:^[13]

Ajisai (Experimental Geodetic Payload)^[14]
BLITS^[15]
Calsphere satellites^[16]
Etalon^[17]
- Kosmos 1989
- Kosmos 2024
LAGEOS^[18]
- LAGEOS 1
- LAGEOS 2, see STS-52
LARES^[19]
- LARES 1
- LARES 2
Larets^[20]^[21]
STARSHINE
- Starshine 1,^[22] see STS-96
- Starshine 2, see STS-108
Starlette and Stella^[23]

^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1971-02-17. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ ^a ^b "Dragsphere 1, 2". Space.skyrocket.de. 2014-09-19. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ "Enoch - Gunter's Space Page". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2020-07-19.

^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1995-04-19. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ "Space-Spotting: How To See Humanity Star and Other Objects in Orbit". Popular Mechanics. 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-01-27.

^ "LCS 1". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NSSDCA. Retrieved 16 June 2016.

^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1996-05-22. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ "POPACS (Polar Orbiting Passive Atmospheric Calibration Sphere)". directory.eoportal.org. Retrieved 2020-07-18.

^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2001-12-10. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1971-08-07. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ "Sfera-53 (TEKh-44, Vektor-T)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ "International Laser Ranging Service". Ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-20.

^ Kucharski, Daniel; Kirchner, Georg; Otsubo, Toshimichi; Kunimori, Hiroo; Jah, Moriba K.; Koidl, Franz; Bennett, James C.; Lim, Hyung-Chul; Wang, Peiyuan; Steindorfer, Michael; Sośnica, Krzysztof (August 2019). "Hypertemporal photometric measurement of spaceborne mirrors specular reflectivity for Laser Time Transfer link model". Advances in Space Research. 64 (4): 957–963. Bibcode:2019AdSpR..64..957K. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.030. S2CID 191188229.

^ Sośnica, Krzysztof; Jäggi, Adrian; Meyer, Ulrich; Thaller, Daniela; Beutler, Gerhard; Arnold, Daniel; Dach, Rolf (October 2015). "Time variable Earth's gravity field from SLR satellites". Journal of Geodesy. 89 (10): 945–960. Bibcode:2015JGeod..89..945S. doi:10.1007/s00190-015-0825-1.

^ "Calsphere 1, 2, 3, 4". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ Lindborg, Christina. "Etalon". Russia and Navigation Systems. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 10 November 2012.

^ Sośnica, Krzysztof (1 August 2015). "LAGEOS Sensitivity to Ocean Tides". Acta Geophysica. 63 (4): 1181–1203. Bibcode:2015AcGeo..63.1181S. doi:10.1515/acgeo-2015-0032.

^ Krzysztof, Sośnica (1 March 2015). "Impact of the Atmospheric Drag on Starlette, Stella, Ajisai, and Lares Orbits". Artificial Satellites. 50 (1): 1–18. Bibcode:2015ArtSa..50....1S. doi:10.1515/arsa-2015-0001.

^ "Larets".

^ "International Laser Ranging Service". Ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-20.

^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1999-06-05. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ Sośnica, Krzysztof; Jäggi, Adrian; Thaller, Daniela; Beutler, Gerhard; Dach, Rolf (August 2014). "Contribution of Starlette, Stella, and AJISAI to the SLR-derived global reference frame" (PDF). Journal of Geodesy. 88 (8): 789–804. Bibcode:2014JGeod..88..789S. doi:10.1007/s00190-014-0722-z. S2CID 121163799.

^ "Starshine 3 (Starshine-OSCAR 43, SO 43)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2016-02-13.

^ Donald H. Martin (2000). Communication Satellites. AIAA. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-884989-09-4.

List of passive satellites

Contents

Passive satellites

Dedicated laser ranging satellites

Mostly passive satellites

See also

References

Languages