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{{See also|Third plague pandemic}}The plague is thought to have originated from a [[tarbagan marmot]] infected with bacterial pneumonia. Tarbagan marmots were hunted for their fur in Manchuria. It was an [[Airborne disease|airborne spread disease]] and was incredibly deadly, with a near 100 percent mortality rate. Its spread was magnified by marmot hunters gathering in the bitter winter months, and the eventual travel of migrant workers during the [[Chinese New Year]]. Russia and Japan both had economic interests in the region and needed to cooperate with Chinese authorities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://disasterhistory.org/the-manchurian-plague-1910-11|title=Manchurian plague, 1910-11|last=Meiklejohn|first=Iain|website=Disaster History|language=en-GB|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>
The [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]-trained doctor [[Wu Lien-teh]] led Chinese efforts to end the plague, and promoted [[quarantine]] and the wearing of [[cloth face mask]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yu-lin|first=Wu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iC3CgAAQBAJ|title=Memories Of Dr Wu Lien-teh, Plague Fighter|date=1995|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4632-82-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90479846/the-untold-origin-story-of-the-n95-mask|title=The untold origin story of the N95 mask|last=Wilson|first=Mark|date=2020-03-24|website=Fast Company|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> He also convened the International Plague Conference in [[Shenyang|Mukden]] in April 1911, the first major event of its kind that brought together an international team of scientists concerned with [[disease control]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qyumt3z3|title=Inaugural address delivered at the opening of the International Plague Conference, Mukden, April 4th, 1911|date=1911|website=Wellcome Collection|language=en|access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=World History Connected {{!}} Vol. 14 No. 3 {{!}} Michael Corsi: Identities in Crisis: Representations of Other and Self in Manchuria during the Plague Years of 1910-1911|url=https://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/14.3/corsi.html|access-date=2020-12-17|website=worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu}}</ref>
The Chinese government also sought the support of foreign doctors, a number of whom died as a consequence of the disease.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gamsa|first1=Mark|date=2006|title=The Epidemic of Pneumonic Plague in Manchuria 1910-1911|journal=Past & Present|issue=190|pages=155|doi=10.1093/pastj/gtj001|issn=0031-2746|jstor=3600890}}</ref> In Harbin, this included the Frenchman Gérald Mesny, from the Imperial Medical College in Tientsin, who disputed Wu's recommendation of masks; a few days later, he died after catching the plague when visiting patients without wearing a mask.<ref>{{cite book|last=Leung|first=Angela Ki Che |title=Health and Hygiene in Chinese East Asia: Policies and Publics in the Long Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHAbb0PhyTsC&pg=PA79|year=2010|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-4826-9|pages=79–80}}</ref> Another was the 26-year-old Arthur F. Jackson, a [[United Free Church of Scotland]] [[medical missions|missionary doctor]], who fell ill within eight days of inspecting and quarantining hundreds of poor laborers; he died two days later in Mukden.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bu|first=Liping|title=Public Health and the Modernization of China, 1865-2015|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TC8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-54135-6|page=50}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Costain |first1=Alfred James |title=The life of Dr. Arthur Jackson of Manchuria |date=1911 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofdrarthurja00costiala}}</ref>
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