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{{use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2018}}
[[File: Ngarrindjeri Nation Flag.svg|250px|thumb|Ngarrindjeri
[[File:LowerLakes2004.jpg|thumb|250px|Ngarrindjeri culture is centred around the lower lakes of the [[Murray River]].]]
The '''Ngarrindjeri''' people are the traditional [[Aboriginal Australian]] people of the lower [[Murray River]], eastern [[Fleurieu Peninsula]], and [[the Coorong]] of the southern-central area of the state of [[South Australia]]. The term ''Ngarrindjeri'' means "belonging to men",{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} and refers to a "tribal constellation". The Ngarrindjeri actually comprised several distinct if closely related tribal groups, including the [[Jarildekald people|Jarildekald]], [[Tanganekald people|Tanganekald]], [[Meintangk people|Meintangk]] and [[Ramindjeri]],{{sfn|Berndt|Berndt|Stanton|1993|p=xvii}} who began to form a unified [[cultural bloc]] after remnants of each separate community congregated at [[Raukkan, South Australia]] (formerly Point McLeay Mission).
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==History==
[[File:Ngarrindjeriland.png|thumb|right|250px|Approximate historical extent of Ngarrindjeri territory
===Pre-contact history===
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==Language==
{{main|Ngarrindjeri language}}
The first linguistic study of [[Ngarrindjeri language|Ngarrindjeri dialects]] was conducted by the Lutheran [[missionary]] H.A.E. Meyer in 1843.{{sfn|Meyer|1843|pp=1–121}} He collected 1750 words, mainly from the Ramindjeri dialect at [[Encounter Bay, South Australia|Encounter Bay]]. Taplin gathered many more words from several dialects, including Yaraldi and Portawalun, from the people who congregated around the
==Culture==
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==Nutrition==
The people were sustained by the flora and fauna for [[bush tucker|food]] and [[bush medicine]]. Before colonisation, there were extensive [[swamp]]s and [[woodland]]s on the Fleurieu Peninsula, which provided habitat and food sources for a range of birds, fish, and other animals, including [[snake-necked turtle]]s, [[cherax|yabbies]], [[rakali]], ducks and [[black swan]]s. Flora included the native [[Orchidaceae|orchid]] ([[leek orchid]]), [[Hibbertia|guinea flower]] and [[swamp wattle]] (Wirilda).<ref name=salleh2021>{{cite web | last=Salleh | first=Anna | title=Indigenous knowledge project could help save endangered Fleurieu Peninsula wetlands | website=ABC News|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=27 May 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2021-05-28/indigenous-knowledge-values-relearnt-from-elders-and-scientists/100152406 | access-date=30 May 2021}}</ref>
The Ngarrindjeri were well known to Europeans for their cooking skills and the efficiency of their camp ovens, the remains of which can still be found throughout the River Murray area. Some species of fish, birds and other animals considered easily caught were reserved by law for the elderly and infirm, an indication of the abundance of food in Ngarrindjeri lands.{{sfn|Jenkin|1979|pp=14–15}} In the early years of the colony, Ngarrindjeri would volunteer to catch fish for the "white fellow men".{{sfn|Jenkin|1979|p=284}}
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{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Clan
! Location
! Native word / English meaning
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| ''turi/tettituri''. [[Eurasian coot|coot]]
|-
| ''Pankindjeri''{{efn|Taplin wrote ''parkindjeri'', corrected by Brown. {{harv|Brown|1918|p=251}}}}
| [[Coorong, South Australia|Coorong]] east of [[Lake Albert (South Australia)|Lake Albert]]
| (deep water)
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==Notable people==
[[File:David Unaipon.jpg|thumb|
* [[Ian Abdulla]] (1947–2011), artist
* [[Poltpalingada Booboorowie]] (Tommy Walker), a popular Adelaide personality in the 1890s
* [[Harry Hewitt]], early Australian rules footballer and cricketer
* [[Ruby Hunter]], musician
* [[Doreen Kartinyeri]] (1935–2007), elder and historian
* [[Natascha McNamara]], academic and activist
* [[Moogy Sumner]] {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AM}}, elder, dancer, environmental activist
* [[David Unaipon]], inventor and author, featured on the Australian [[Australian fifty-dollar note|$50 note]]
* [[James Unaipon]], first Aboriginal deacon
* [[Warrulan]], taken to England as a child and died there aged about 19, in 1855
* The [[Deadly Nannas]], musical group
==Some words==
* ''kondoli'' (whale){{sfn|Bell|1998|p=xiii}}
* ''korni/korne'' (man){{sfn|Bell|1998|p=xiii}}
* ''kringkari, gringari'' (
* ''muldarpi/mularpi'' (travelling spirit of sorcerers and strangers){{sfn|Bell|1998|p=xiii}}
* ''yanun'' (speak, talk){{sfn|Bell|1998|p=xiv}}
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| year = 1865 | volume = 1862-1865 | pages = 357–374
| doi = 10.5962/p.345642 | s2cid = 253362944 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/73082#page/365/mode/1up
| doi-access = free
}}
*{{Cite journal | title = Lakun Ngarrindjeri Thunggari: Weaving the Ngarrindjeri Language Back to Health
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==External links==
*{{official website|https://www.aigi.com.au/resource/ngarrindjeri-regional-authority/|Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority}}
{{Aboriginal South Australians}}
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