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{{use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Refimprove|article|date=June 2010}}
▲{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
|name = YA-9
|image = File:Northrop YA-9 prototype.jpg
|caption =
}}{{Infobox
|type = [[Attack aircraft]]
|manufacturer = [[Northrop Corporation
|designer =
|first flight = 30 May 1972{{sfn|Jenkins|1998|p=26}}
|introduced =
|retired =
|status =
|primary user = [[United States Air Force]]
|more
|produced =
|number built = 2
|variants with their own articles =
}}
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==Design and development==
Criticism that the U.S. Air Force did not take [[close air support]] seriously prompted a few service members to seek a specialized attack aircraft.{{sfn|Coram|2004}}{{page needed|date=March 2021}} In the [[Vietnam War]], large numbers of ground-attack aircraft were shot down by [[small arms]], [[
▲Criticism that the U.S. Air Force did not take [[close air support]] seriously prompted a few service members to seek a specialized attack aircraft.{{sfn|Coram|2004}}{{page needed|date=March 2021}} In the [[Vietnam War]], large numbers of ground-attack aircraft were shot down by [[small arms]], [[surface-to-air missile]]s, and low-level anti-aircraft gunfire, prompting the development of an aircraft better able to survive such weapons. Fast jets such as the [[North American F-100 Super Sabre]], [[Republic F-105 Thunderchief]], and [[McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II]] proved for the most part to be ineffective for close air support. The [[Douglas A-1 Skyraider]] was the USAF's primary close air support aircraft.{{sfn|Donald|March|2004|p=8}}
===A-X===
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===Design===
The A-9 was a shoulder-wing [[monoplane]] of all-riveted [[aluminum alloy]] construction, with [[honeycomb structure]]s and [[Chemical milling|chemically milled]] skins. The required twin turbofans were fitted in nacelles under the aircraft's wing roots.{{#tag:ref|By comparison, the A-10 engine location at the tail is less conventional, but offers greater survivability in the case of a hit on the engine area. The double tail of the A-10 also hides the engine infrared and noise signature, and incorporates redundancy in case one of the tails is shot away.{{cn|date=January 2022}}|group=lower-alpha}} Northrop selected the {{convert|7200|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} [[Lycoming YF102]] engine for the YA-9 rather than the more powerful ({{convert|9280|lbf|kN|abbr=on}}) [[General Electric TF34]] used by the A-10, although either engine could be accommodated. The
The pilot sat under a large bubble canopy well ahead of the leading edge of the wings. The cockpit was surrounded by a bathtub of armor (aluminum in the prototypes, which would have been replaced by [[titanium]] if production occurred) while the wing-mounted fuel tanks were self-sealing and filled with foam to minimize the potential for fires or massive fuel loss. Dual redundant hydraulic flight control systems were fitted, with a further manual backup to prevent a single hit from causing control failure. These design features were hoped to reduce combat losses by as much as 90% in Vietnam-type operations.{{sfn|Jesse|Engbrecht|1996|p=58}}{{sfn|Aviation Week|1972|p=113}} A single 30 mm [[
===Fly-off===
The YA-9 took its first flight on 30 May 1972,{{sfn|Jenkins|1998|p=26}}{{sfn|Donald|March|2004|p=9}} with the second prototype flying on 23 August.{{sfn|Jesse|Engbrecht|1996|p=59}} Northrop's flight testing was successful, with the aircraft claimed to have "fighter-like" handling and to be a good weapon platform.{{sfn|Fink|1972a|pp=44–46}} A fly-off by USAF test pilots of the two competing designs took place between 10 October and 9 December 1972.{{sfn|Fink|1972b|p=20}} While the YA-9 fully met the USAF's requirements, the YA-10 was declared the winner on 18 January 1973. The use of the established TF34 engine by the YA-10 rather than the untried F102
The two YA-9 prototypes were subsequently relegated to [[NASA]] for continued flight testing before being retired.{{sfn|Jesse|Engbrecht|1996|p=59}} When retired, the YA-9s' custom-built engines were removed and were later mated to a [[C-8 Buffalo]] airframe as part of the NASA-[[Boeing]] joint Quiet Short-haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) study into a quiet short-haul commercial aircraft.{{sfn|Richardson|1978|pp=29–30}}
==Aircraft disposition==
[[File:Northrop YA-9A ‘11368’ (26683410563).jpg|thumb|Northrop YA-9A display at the [[March Field Air Museum]], Riverside,
* 71-1367 - storage yard awaiting restoration at [[Edwards AFB]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Aviation History And Aircraft Photography: A-9A |work= JohnWeeks.com |url= http://www.johnweeks.com/a9a/a9aafftcm.html |access-date= 2 March 2021}}</ref>
* 71-1368 - on display at [[March Field Air Museum]], [[March Air Reserve Base]],
==Specifications (YA-9A)== ▼
[[File:Northrop-ya-9.png|frameless|right|3-view line drawing of the Northrop YA-9]]
▲==Specifications (YA-9A)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Airdata File: Northrop A-9A
|prime units?=kts
<!--
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Armament
-->
|hardpoints=10 underwing
▲* 1x 20 mm [[M61 Vulcan]] [[Gatling gun]] (Substitute for [[GAU-8/A]])
|hardpoint capacity={{convert|16,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
|avionics=
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|related=
|similar aircraft=
* [[Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II]]
* [[
* [[
|lists=
* [[List of attack aircraft]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
}}
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===Notes===
{{Reflist
===Bibliography===
* {{cite magazine |title= AX Fighter Paved Way for Prototyping |magazine= [[Aviation Week and Space Technology]] |volume= 96 |issue= 26 |date= 26 June 1972 |pages=103–104 |url= http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19720626/#!&pid=102 |url-access= subscription |ref=none }}
* {{cite magazine |title=
* {{cite book |last= Coram |first= Robert |title= Boyd: The Fighter Pilot Who Changed the Art of War |location= Los Angeles |publisher= Back Bay Books |date= 2004 |isbn= 0-316-79688-3}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1= Donald |editor-first1= David |editor-last2= March |editor-first2= Daniel |title= A-10 Fighting Warthog |encyclopedia= Modern Battlefield Warplanes |location= Norwalk, Connecticut |publisher= AIRtime |date= 2004 |isbn= 1-880588-76-5}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last= Donald |editor-first= David |title= Northrop YA-9 |encyclopedia= The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft |publisher= Barnes & Noble Books |date= 1997 |isbn= 0-7607-0592-5 |ref=none}}
* {{cite magazine |last= Fink |first= Donald E. |year= 1972a |title= Contractors Prepare for 90-Day AX Flyoff |magazine= Aviation Week and Space Technology |volume= 97 |number= 14 |date= 2 October 1972 |pages= 44–48 |url= http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19721002/#!&pid=44 |url-access=
* {{cite magazine |last= Fink |first= Donald E. |year= 1972b |title= USAF Completes AX Flight Evaluations |magazine= Aviation Week and Space Technology |volume= 97 |number= 24 |date= 11 December 1972 |page= 20 |url= http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19721211/#!&pid=20 |url-access=
* {{cite book |last= Jenkins |first= Dennis R. |title= Fairchild-Republic A/OA-10 Warthog |location= North Branch, Minnesota |publisher= Specialty Press |date= 1998 |isbn= 1-58007-013-2}}
* {{cite magazine |last1= Jesse |first1= William |last2= Engbrecht |first2= Bradley |title= Not Quite Ten: Northrop's A-9, A-X runner-up |magazine= [[Air Enthusiast]] |number= 64 |date= July 1996 |pages= 57–59 |issn= 0143-5450}}
* {{cite magazine |title= Northrop Streamlines A-9A Management |magazine= Aviation Week and Space Technology |volume= 96 |number= 26 |date= 26 June 1972 |pages= 107–113 |url= http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19720626/#!&pid=106 |url-access=
* {{cite magazine |last= Richardson |first= Doug |title= Quiet and vertical at NASA Ames |magazine= [[Flight International]] |volume= 114 |number= 3515 |date= 1 July 1978 |pages= 29–32 |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%201073.html |url-access= registration}}
==External links==
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