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'''Our Lady of Aparecida''' ("Our[[Latin]]: Lady''Nostra revealed"Domina quae Apparitionibus''), ({{lang-pt|Nossa Senhora Aparecida}} or ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida'')}} is a [[Roman Catholic]] title of the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]] associatedvenerated withunder the title of the [[Immaculate Conception]].
HerThe image,clay aMarian clay statue,image is widely venerated by [[Brazil]]ian [[Catholics]], who consider her as the principal [[patroness]] of Brazil.<ref name="patron" /> Historical accounts stateclaim that the statue was originally found by three fishermen who miraculously caught many fish after invoking the Blessed Virgin Mary. The statuefeast isday currentlyof housedthe indevotion within the [[BasilicaRoman ofRite]] theis Nationalon ShrineOctober of12, Ourand Ladyis ofa Aparecida|Basilica[[public ofholiday]] thein NationalBrazil Shrinesince of1980.<ref Ourname="NCR">Allen, LadyJohn. Aparecida]][http://ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/look-ahead-benedict-brazil "A look ahead to Benedictin[[Aparecida]Brazil"]. National Catholic Reporter. May 3, [[São2007</ref> PauloIts (state)|Sãocurrent Paulo]]shrine can hold 45,000 Brazilworshippers.<ref name="reuters" /> The original image and a replica was controversially vandalized both in 1978 and 1995.
* [[Pope Leo XIII]] mentioneddesignated the BrazilianVatican devotionChapter to crown the image in 1903 .▼
Colonial documents and [[papal bull]]s have referred to the image as ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida''. The feast day of Our Lady Aparecida in the [[Roman Rite]] is on October 12, which is also a [[public holiday]] in Brazil since 1980. The building in which the image is venerated was granted the title of a [[minor basilica]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in 1980, and is the largest [[Shrines to the Virgin Mary|Marian shrine]] in the world,<ref name="NCR">Allen, John. [http://ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/look-ahead-benedict-brazil "A look ahead to Benedict in Brazil"]. National Catholic Reporter. May 3, 2007</ref> being able to hold up to 45,000 worshippers.<ref name="reuters" />
* [[Pope Pius X]] grantedsigned athe decree of [[canonical coronation]] to the image on 8 December 1904 ▼
* [[Pope Pius XI]] declared Mary under this title Patroness of Brazil throughvia a''Ab papalArchiepiscopo bullSancti'' ofin 16 July 1930 , signed by [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] [[Eugenio Pacelli]].▼
Controversy about the statue was ignited in May 1978 by an intruder who stole the clay statue, which was smashed as he was apprehended, from its shrine, and again in 1995, when an evangelical minister insulted and vandalized a copy of the statue on Brazilian national television, specifically on [[RecordTV|Rede Record]], in what became known as the [[Chute na santa incident]].
* [[Pope Paul VI]] granted the image her first [[golden rose]] on 12 August 1967 .▼
* [[Pope John Paul II]] consecratedissued hera newPontifical shrinedecree and''Satis onSuperque theConstat'' same datewhich raised itthe shrine to the rankstatus of [[ minorMinor basilicaBasilica]] on 427 April July1981. 1980<ref name="thomas">{{cite news| title=Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil| url=http://www.catholicvoice.ie/features/2009/07/19/our_lady_of_aparecida_brazil| work=Catholic Voice| author=William Thomas| date=July 19, 2009| publisher=CatholicVoice.ie| access-date=February 22, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323012623/http://www.catholicvoice.ie/features/2009/07/19/our_lady_of_aparecida_brazil| archive-date=March 23, 2013| df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="vatican.va">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1980/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19800704_aparecida-brazil_en.html|title = 4 July 1980, Mass in the Basilica of Aparecida | John Paul II}}</ref> ▼
The following papal documents concern the famed statue:
▲* [[Pope Leo XIII]] mentioned the Brazilian devotion in 1903
▲* [[Pope Pius X]] granted a [[canonical coronation]] to the image on 8 December 1904
▲* [[Pope Pius XI]] declared Mary under this title Patroness of Brazil through a papal bull of 16 July 1930, signed by [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] [[Eugenio Pacelli]]
▲* [[Pope Paul VI]] granted the image her first [[golden rose]] on 12 August 1967
▲* [[Pope John Paul II]] consecrated her new shrine and on the same date raised it to the rank of [[minor basilica]] on 4 July 1980<ref name="thomas">{{cite news| title=Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil| url=http://www.catholicvoice.ie/features/2009/07/19/our_lady_of_aparecida_brazil| work=Catholic Voice| author=William Thomas| date=July 19, 2009| publisher=CatholicVoice.ie| access-date=February 22, 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323012623/http://www.catholicvoice.ie/features/2009/07/19/our_lady_of_aparecida_brazil| archive-date=March 23, 2013| df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="vatican.va">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1980/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19800704_aparecida-brazil_en.html|title = 4 July 1980, Mass in the Basilica of Aparecida | John Paul II}}</ref>
* [[Pope Benedict XVI]] granted the image her second golden rose on 12 May 2007
* [[Pope Francis]] granted the third golden rose on 9 October 2017, honoringon the 300th anniversaryoccasionoftheits tercentenarian anniversary. devotion<ref name="rosafrancisco">{{cite web|url=http://www.a12.com/santuario/noticias/papa-francisco-concede-terceira-rosa-de-ouro-ao-santuario-nacional|title=Papa Francisco concede terceira Rosa de Ouro ao Santuário Nacional|publisher=a12.com|access-date=9 October 2017}}</ref>
==History==
Twenty years later, the village that had grown around the church on Coqueiros hill became a municipality, named after the saint.
==PapalAb bullArchiepiscopo ofSancti (1930)==
On 16 July 1930, [[Pope Pius XI]] declared the Immaculate Conception under the title of ''Our Lady Aparecida'' to be the principal patroness of Brazil, namely widespread in the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro|Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro]].
The pontificalPontifical decree indicated that [[Pope Leo XIII]] granted the approval on the devotion of the image under the title ''"Nossa Senhora da Conceição Apparecida''". In addition, Saint [[Pope Pius X]] established the Office of the Mass under this honor and allowing this devotion to spread due to the widespread piety of the Brazilian people. The Papal decree mentions the 1904 solid gold crown given to the image (assumingly from [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]]). It does not however, mention the shrine being elevated to a [[minor basilica]].
Furthermore, the devotion was researched and approved by Cardinalthe [[Camillo Laurenti]],former Prefect of the [[Sacred Congregation of Rites]], Cardinal [[Camillo Laurenti]]. The papal bulldecree was signed and witnessednotarizedby former [[Vatican Secretary of State]], Cardinal [[Eugenio Pacelli]].<ref>Acta Apostolica Sedis – 1931 – Page 7 –'' Beata Virgo Maria Immaculata Sub Titulo Apparecida – Principalis Patrona Brasiliae Constituitur. –'' https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-23-1931-ocr.pdf</ref><ref>Associação Redemptionis Sacramentum (text in Latin and Portuguese) – http://ars-the.blogspot.com.br/2012/10/a-carta-apostolica-de-pio-xi-que.html</ref>
In the wake of the papal decree naming Our Lady Aparecida Patroness of Brazil, on July 16, 1930, Cardinal [[Sebastião da Silveira Cintra|Sebastião Leme da Silveira Cintra]], the Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro (then the Capital of Brazil), rededicated Brazil to the Virgin under this Marian title.
In the mid-20th century, as the popularity of Our Lady Aparecida grew, the construction of a much larger building to shelter the image became necessary. In 1955, work on the present [[Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida|Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady Aparecida]] was begun. Architect [[Benedito Calixto]] designed a building in the form of a [[Greek cross]].<ref name="naza" /> It can hold up to 45,000 people.<ref name="naza" />
On[[Pope JulyJohn 4,Paul 1980,II]] whileissued stilla underPontifical construction,decree the''Satis newSuperque churchConstat'' waswhich consecratedraised bythe [[Popeshrine Johnto Paulthe II]]status andof givenMinor theBasilica titleon of27 minorApril basilica1981.<ref name="NCR" /> It is currently the largest Marian temple and the second largest Basilica in the world, second only to [[St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's]] in the [[Vatican City]].<ref name="NCR" />
Since then, the two Basilicas in the city of Aparecida have been known as the "Old Basilica" and the "New Basilica". Upon its completion, the Brazilian Conference of Catholic Bishops declared the new Basilica a National Shrine.
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