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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geology:
Geology – one of the Earth sciences – is the study of the Earth, with the general exclusion of present-day life, flow within the ocean, and the atmosphere. The field of geology encompasses the composition, structure, physical properties, and history of Earth's components, and the processes by which it is shaped. Geologists typically study rock , sediment , soil , rivers , and natural resources .
Branches of geology
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Geology applies primarily to Earth, but can be applied to any planet or extraterrestrial body.
Geology of Earth
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Subdisciplines of geology:
Biogeology – Study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere
Economic geology – Science concerned with earth materials of economic value
Engineering geology – Application of geology to engineering practice
Environmental geology – Science of the practical application of geology in environmental problems.
Geochemistry – Science that applies chemistry to analyze geological systems
Geologic modelling – Applied science of creating computerized representations of portions of the Earth's crust
Geomorphology – Scientific study of landforms
Geophysics – Physics of the Earth and its vicinity
Historical geology – Study of the geological history of Earth
Hydrogeology – Study of the distribution and movement of groundwater
Marine geology – Study of the history and structure of the ocean floor
Mineralogy – Scientific study of minerals and mineralised artifacts
Mining geology – Extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth
Paleontology – Study of life before the Holocene epoch
Petroleum geology – Study of the origin, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels
Petrology – Branch of geology that studies the formation, composition, distribution and structure of rocks
Sedimentology – Study of natural sediments and their formation processes
Stratigraphy – Study of rock layers and their formation
Structural geology – Science of the description and interpretation of deformation in the Earth's crust
Volcanology – Study of volcanoes
Planetary geology
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See also: Geology of solar terrestrial planets – Geology of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Ceres
Planetary geology – Geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects
Principles of geology
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Geological processes
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History of geology
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Geologic provinces
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World geologic provinces Oceanic crust
0–20 Ma
20–65 Ma
>65 Ma
Geologic provinces
Geologic province – Spatial entity with common geologic attributes
Geologic provinces based on origin:
Shield – Large stable area of exposed Precambrian crystalline rock
Platform – A continental area covered by relatively flat or gently tilted, mainly sedimentary strata
Orogen – Zone affected by mountain formationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Island arc – Arc-shaped archipelago formed by intense seismic activity of long chains of active volcanoes
Continental arc – Type of volcanic arc occurring along a continental margin
Forearc – The region between an oceanic trench and the associated volcanic arc
Oceanic basin – Geologic basin under the sea
Cratonic basin – Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere
Foreland basin , also known as foredeep basin – Structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt
Large igneous province – Huge regional accumulation of igneous rocks
Extended crust – Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies
Rift – Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
Plate tectonics
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Occupations in geology
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The Dictionary of Occupational Titles lists the following occupations in Geology, which it describes as "concerned with the investigation of the composition, structure, and physical and biological history of the earth's crust and the application of this knowledge in such fields as archeology , mining , construction , and environmental impact ":[1 ]
Crystallographer – Scientific study of crystal structures
Geodesist – Notable geodesistsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Geologist – Scientist who studies geology
Petroleum Geologist – Earth scientist who works in geological aspects of oil discovery and production
Geophysical Prospector – Systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies
Geophysicist – Physics of the Earth and its vicinityPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Hydrologist – Science of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planetsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Mineralogist – Scientific study of minerals and mineralised artifactsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Paleontologist – Study of life before the Holocene epochPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Petrologist – Branch of geology that studies the formation, composition, distribution and structure of rocksPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Seismologist – Scientific study of earthquakes and propagation of elastic waves through a planetPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Stratigrapher – Study of rock layers and their formationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Volcanologist
Engineer, Soils[2 ]
Geophysical-Laboratory Chief (Alternate Titles: Director, Geophysical)[3 ]
Geological Aide (Petrol. & Gas)[4 ]
Prospector – The physical search for minerals
Paleontological Helper – Study of life before the Holocene epoch
Laboratory Assistant (Petrol. & Gas) (Alternate Titles: Analyst, Geochemical Prospecting; Core Analyst; Laboratory Tester)[5 ]
Influential geologists
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Geology lists
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See also
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References
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External links
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A. Balasubramanian, First edition, July, 2017
Earth Science News, Maps, Dictionary, Articles, Jobs
Video-interviews with famous geologists
"Geology, Importance, Branches, Career in Geology, Indian Education System for a career in Geology
Geology Buzz: Branches of Geology
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_geology&oldid=1217231171 "
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