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{{Short description|Brazilian defense tactic}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Pikysyry maneuver
| partof = the [[Paraguayan War]]
| image = [[File:AmericoPedro Américo -chaco-MHN Estudo para Passagem do Chaco.jpg|300px]]
| image_size = 300px
| caption = ''Passagem do Chaco'', oil on canvas by [[Pedro Américo]]
| date = October–December 1868
| date = 21 December 1868
| place = [[Formosa province]], [[Argentina]]
| casus =
| territorycasus =
| territory =
| result = Allied victory
*Paraguayan forces massacred.
| combatant1 = {{flag|Paraguay|1842}}
| combatant2 = {{plainlist |
* {{flag|Paraguay|1842Empire of Brazil}}
<br>* {{flag|Argentina}}▼
}}▼
<br>* {{flag|Uruguay}}▼
*[[File:Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg|15px]] [[Paraguayan Army]]
▲ }}
*[[Militia|Armed civilians]]
| commander1 = {{plainlist |
| combatant2 =
* {{flagdeco|Paraguay|1842}} [[Francisco Solano López|Solano López]]
{{flag|Empire of Brazil}}
* {{flagdeco|Paraguay|1842}} [[George Thompson (engineer)|George Thompson]]
*[[File:CoA Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg|15px]] [[Brazilian Army|Imperial Army]]
}}
*[[File:Naval Jack of Brazil.svg|15px]] [[Brazilian Navy|Imperial Navy]]
| commander2 = {{plainlist |
▲<br>{{flag|Argentina}}
| commander2 =* {{flagiconflagdeco|Empire of Brazil}} [[Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias|MarquisMarquess of Caxias]]<br>{{flagicon|Argentina}}General Juan Andrés▼
*[[File:Ejercito Argentino Escudo.png|15px]] [[Argentine Army]]
* {{flagdeco|Argentina}} [[Juan Andrés Gelly y Obes|Juan Andrés Gelly]]
*[[File:Naval Jack of Argentina.svg|15px]] [[Argentine Navy]]
}}
▲<br>{{flag|Uruguay}}
| strength1 = 2,000 men<ref name=Hooker>Hooker, T.D., 2008, The Paraguayan War, Nottingham: Foundry Books, {{ISBN|1901543153}}</ref>{{rp|95}}
*[[File:Military Cockade of Uruguay.svg|15px]] [[Uruguayan Army]]
| strength2 = 318,000 men<ref name=Hooker/>{{rp|95}}▼
 
| casualties1 = 600 killed, 200 captured<ref name=Hooker/>{{rp|95}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Paraguay|1842}} [[Francisco Solano López (politician)|Francisco Solano López]]<br>{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}[[George Thompson (Military Engineer)|George Thompson]]
| casualties2 = 3,000 dead▼
▲| commander2 = {{flagicon|Empire of Brazil}} [[Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias|Marquis of Caxias]]<br>{{flagicon|Argentina}}General Juan Andrés
| strength1 = 12,500 men
▲| strength2 = 31,000 men
| casualties1 = 15,000 dead (military and civilian)
▲| casualties2 = 3,000 dead
}}
{{Campaignbox Paraguayan War}}
 
The so-called '''Pikysyry maneuver''' was a tactic used by Brazilian marshal [[Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias]], during the [[Paraguayan War]] to outflank the Paraguayan southern defense line along the stream of Pikysyry consisting of 142 gun platforms along a line 9.1&nbsp;km Itlong, isbuilt considered{{accordingby tothe whomBritish engineer Lt. Col. [[George Thompson (Military Engineer)|date=NovemberGeorge 2012}}Thompson]]. Just to the mostnorth daringwere andthe creativebatteries strategyof Angostura, protecting the [[River Paraguay]]. Marshal Caxias decided to attack from the Paraguayan rear by constructing a 10.7&nbsp;km road on the [[Gran Chaco|Chaco]] side of the entireriver conflictstarting at Santa Theresa.<ref name=Hooker/>{{rp|88–91}}
 
== History Background==
On 11 Oct. 1868, 1,122 men under the command of Lt. Col. [[Antonio Tiburcio]] landed near Santa Theresa on the west side of the Paraguay River. An additional 2,925 infantry, 327 pontoniers, 198 artillerymen and 94 cavalry were landed and overall command for building the road was the responsibility of Lt. Col. Rufino Galvao of the Engineers. The road was constructed of palm tree trunks. On 27 Nov. Marshal Caxias moved his headquarters to the Chaco side of the river. By early December, the road had been completed to Santa Helena and 19,000 Allied troops were ready to cross over to San Antonio.<ref name=Hooker/>{{rp|90}}
 
==Battle of Pikysyry==
After the [[Siege of Humaitá|fall of the Humaitá fortress]] in July 1868, [[Francisco Solano López]] centered his troops in a strong position at the Pikysyry stream, which runs on the left margin of the [[Paraguay River]].
After the successful battles of [[Battle of Ytororó|Ytororó]] and [[Battle of Avay|Avay]], the allied army was ready to capture the Paraguayan defenses at Pikysyry. A column of 2,700 men under general [[João Manuel Mena Barreto]] mounted a flanking movement while troops under general [[Juan Andrés Gelly y Obes]] made a simultaneous feint to the front. The December 21 attack was a complete surprise to the Paraguayans.<ref name=Hooker/>{{rp|95}}
 
==Aftermath==
To circumvent it, Caxias decided to build an 11-kilometer-long road on the right bank of the Paraguay River, passing through the [[Gran Chaco]] swamps, and leading to the Paraguayan rear.
Some 500 Paraguayans escaped to Angostura and another 200 to Lomas Valentinas.<ref name=Hooker/>{{rp|95}}
 
==Gallery==
With the aid of the [[Brazilian Navy#Imperial Navy|Brazilian Imperial Navy]], Caxias carried 31,000 troops to the beginning of the road, from where they advanced along the right river bank, outflanking the enemy's fortified position.
<gallery>
File:War in Parguay - Engagement at Chaco.jpg|Engagement at [[Chaco Department|Chaco]] ([[Harper's Weekly|''Harper's Weekly: A Journal of Civilization'']], Vol. XII, nº 617, 24/10/1868)
</gallery>
 
==References==
The Navy ships, after reaching Angostura pass, sailed north, where they re-embarked the troops from the road and carried them to the left bank in San Antonio, north of the enemy position.
{{reflist}}
 
== ParaguayanExternal defenselinks ==
 
* httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20091027012012/http://br.geocities.com/guerrapara/dezembrada.htm {{ptin iconlang|pt}}▼
Due to advancement Brazilian naval, President Lopez gave up defending the line [[Tebicuary River]], installing a more defensive front near Asunción.
* httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20091027111502/http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Camp/2523 {{enin iconlang|en}}▼
 
* httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20091027043104/http://geocities.com/ulysses_costa/Guerradoparaguai {{ptin iconlang|pt}}▼
After evaluating various positions, including Poí Estero, which drains the lake to the river Paraguay Ypoá, eventually organize a new defensive line, north of the creek Piquisiry, which was installed in early September 1868.15 The new position had several advantages On one hand, the attack from the south was to be made by ground troops crossed uninhabited floodplain, wooded and full of thorns. The second advantage was that at its west end, just north of the mouth of the creek Piquisiry in Paraguay, the river had a strong curve with a marked narrowing, dominated by high canyon, the "Angostura". If they could outflank the defensive position, should face the broken landscape with steep hills Piquisiry there from north, on which they could build defenses, forcing the attackers to attack forces from the narrow streambeds that cross.
 
The position had great against: the new battleground was no more than 35&nbsp;km from the capital, [[Asunción]], his fall, or enemy action signifying a rodeo in the same mean the fall of the capital. So Sanchez Vice President ordered the evacuation of Asuncion. The national government was installed from the February 22, 1868 in the city of Luque, who - but close - not the banks of the Paraguay River. With the advance of Brazilians, the capital would be moved again on December 8, this time to [[Piribebuy]], much more to the east.
By order of Lopez, the British engineer [[George Thompson (Military Engineer)|George Thompson]] raised a long line of fortifications between the Paraguay River waterfront and lagoon Ypoá. In practice, the line did not come this far east, but spread over 10&nbsp;km., To the marshes that extend to the east of the lagoon. Near the eastern boundary line, the hills of Ita Cumbarity Yvate and very close to each other and separated by a brook, Lopez Lomas Valentinas christened these, and they established their headquarters. The defensive line had 85 artillery pieces of various calibers more, plus 18 guns battery deployed in Angostura, one of the guns of the latter position was the huge "Criollo", cast in casting Ybycuí, the piece largest artillery which had operated until then in South America.
 
Although it took two months to raise the new fortification had no major problems doing that, because the Brazilian squad "slept on the glory of catching Humaitd".
 
North of the Paraguayan defensive position had a significant population, Villeta, which served as a supply center and port of the army.
 
In early December, Lopez had 12,000 men for its defense, mostly teens and seniors
 
Solano López, believing that the allied troops could not cross Chaco, was caught by surprise when the allied troops assaulted his rear, being forced to retreat with his surviving troops. This led to the battles of [[Battle of Itororó|Itororó]], [[Battle of Avaí|Avaí]] and [[Battle of Lomas Valentinas|Lomas Valentinas]].
 
== External links ==
▲* http://web.archive.org/web/20091027012012/http://br.geocities.com/guerrapara/dezembrada.htm {{pt icon}}
▲* http://web.archive.org/web/20091027111502/http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Camp/2523 {{en icon}}
▲* http://web.archive.org/web/20091027043104/http://geocities.com/ulysses_costa/Guerradoparaguai {{pt icon}}
 
{{coord missing|Paraguay}}
 
[[Category:Battles of the Paraguayan War]]
[[Category:December 1868 events]]
[[Category:1868 in Argentina]]
[[Category:History of Formosa Province]]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikysyry_maneuver"
  




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