Ping opera

Pingju originated in Tangshan, Hebei, near the city of Tianjin.^[1] Among all China's regional operas, it was the most famous in the Republican period for its passionate performances and romantic plots.^[2]

Movies based upon and incorporating Pingju include Zhang Shichuan's 1936 Red Begonia (t 海棠紅, s 海棠红, Hǎitáng Hóng), starring Bai Yushuang.^[3]

Bai Yushuang was known as the "Queen of Pingju". Other famed performers include Xin Fengxia^[4] and her mentor Hua Furong.^[5]

• Cheng, Weikun (June 2002). "The Use of "Public" Women: Commercialized Performance, Nation-Building, and Actresses' Strategies in Early Twentieth-Century Beijing" (PDF). WID Working Papers. Ann Arbor: Office of Women in International Development, Michigan State University.

• Chinnery, John (2007). Pingju: Real Life Opera of Northern China. New World Press.