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{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Sivaya Subramuniyaswami''' (born '''Robert Hansen'''; January 5, 1927 – November 12, 2001), also known as [[Guru]]deva by his followers, was born in [[Oakland, California]], and adopted [[Shaivism]] as a young man. He was the 162nd head of the [[Nandinatha Sampradaya]]'s Kailasa Parampara and Guru at [[
In 1947, at the age of 20, he journeyed to [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] and in 1949, was initiated into [[sannyasa]]<ref>{{Cite book|author=The Swamis of Kauai's Hindu Monastery |year=2011 |chapter=Chapter Twenty: Finding God in a Cave |title=The Guru Chronicles: The Making of the First American Satguru |location=[[Kapaa, Hawaii|Kapaʻa, Kauai, Hawaii]] |publisher=Himalayan Academy |isbn=978-1-934145-39-5 |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/media/books/the-guru-chronicles/web/35_guru05_02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206233622/https://www.himalayanacademy.com/media/books/the-guru-chronicles/web/35_guru05_02.html |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |url-status=live }}
He is part of the guru [[parampara|lineage]] of the Sri Lankan [[Alaveddy]] Hindus. His various institutions form a Jaffna-Tamil-based organization which has branched out from his Sri Subramuniya Ashram in Alaveddy to meet the needs of the growing Hindu diaspora of this century. He also established a {{convert|7|acre|adj=on|spell=in}} monastery in Mauritius, which includes a public Spiritual Park called "Spiritual Park- Pointe de Lascars". He oversaw more than 50 independent temples worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/lineage-philosophy/gurudeva|title=Lineage |website=Himalayanacademy}}
His influence reflected the reach of his publications, including the approximately 30 books he wrote. Subramuniyaswami was described by [[Klaus Klostermaier]] as "the single-most advocate of Hinduism outside India".<ref>{{cite book|last=Klostermaier|first=Klaus K. |author-link=Klaus K. Klostermaier|title=A Survey of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_6-JbUiHB4C&q=Subramuniyaswami|edition=3rd|year=2007|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|isbn=9780791470824|page=231|quote=Sivaya Subramuniyaswami ... did much to propagate a kind of reformed Saivism through his books. As founder-editor of ''Hinduism Today,'' an illustrated monthly, he became the single-most advocate of Hinduism outside India.}}</ref> The book ''Religious Leaders of America'' explained Subramuniyaswami's role as "a pillar of orthodox Hinduism"<ref name="nyt_obituary">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E2D9103BF93AA25752C1A9679C8B63#|title=Satguru Subramuniyaswami, Hindu Spiritual Leader, 74|author=Douglas Martin|date=19 November 2001 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=January 8, 2013}}</ref>
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=== Youth in California (1927–1946) ===
Sivaya Subramuniyaswami was born in [[California]] in 1927 as Robert Hansen. He is quoted as relating how at the age of six ''the totality of the power of the [[eternity]] of the moment began to become stronger and stronger within me from that time onward.''<ref>http://www.himalayanacademy.com/view/the-guru-chronicles
Sivaya Subramuniyaswami's training in classical eastern and Western dance and in the disciplines of [[yoga]] developed him into a dancer. He joined the [[San Francisco Ballet]] Company, becoming their [[danseur]] by age nineteen. At twenty years of age, he took the first ship to leave for [[India]] after [[World War II]]. He celebrated his twenty-first birthday just days before going ashore and walking through the grand [[Gateway to India]] in [[Mumbai]].
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[[File:Gurudeva after Sri Lanka.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Gurudeva in 1949, right after his return from [[Sri Lanka]]]]
Back in Colombo, Sivaya Subramuniyaswami met his final teacher before meeting his guru. One day, his teacher arranged a meeting between Sivaya Subramuniyaswami and his long-awaited [[satguru]], Sage [[Yogaswami]]. After a deep and inner meeting, Yogaswami gave him the name Subramuniya, an epithet of [[Kartikeya|Sri Murugan]]. ''Subra'' means "the light than emanates out from the central source." ''Muni'' means a silent teacher, and ''ya'' means restraint.'' Subramuniya'' means a self-restrained soul who remains silent or speaks out from [[Intuition (knowledge)|intuition]]. After a few visits, Jnanaguru Yogaswami initiated Subramuniya into [[sannyasa]] and ordained him into his lineage with a slap on the back giving the following instructions: "This sound will be heard in America! Now go ‘round the world and roar like a lion. You will build palaces (temples) and feed thousands.<ref>''Merging with Siva'' {{ISBN|0-945497-95-4}}, page 909
Yogaswami continued to communicate with Sivaya Subramuniyaswami through Kandiah Chettiar until his death in 1964. In the line of successorship, Subramuniya was considered the 162nd ''Jagadacharya'' of the ''Nandinatha Sampradaya's Kailasa Parampara''.
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The biographies of "Subramuniya" have a significant gap between 1950 and 1957. Subramuniya states that he was ordered not to teach until he was thirty to account for his silence. He was apparently not inactive during this time spending much of it exploring various non traditional religions. He travelled around the United States experimenting with Christian Science, Theosophy, the Science of mind. the Self-Realization Fellowship, Unity, Religious Science and Spiritualism. His shift to a teaching ministry as Master Subramuniya in 1957 blends elements of these religious movements with Hindu yogic and Vedanta teachings in a language oriented to Westerners.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lucas |first=Phillip Charles |year=1995 |title=The Odyssey of a New Religion: The Holy Order of MANS from new age to orthodoxy |location=Bloomington, Indiana |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IijJRg2MrcIC&pg=PA21 21] |isbn=978-0-253-33612-5 }}</ref>
Subramuniya in the 1950s and 1960s might be placed in an American metaphysical lineage that can be traced from nineteenth century Theosophy to the New Age Movement in the late 1970s.
Subramuniya early publications, The Self-God (1959) Cognizantibility (1958) Gems of Cognition (1958) and the Clear White Light (1968) make no mention of Saiva Siddhanta, the term "Hinduism", or Shiva. They provide no biographical details on Subramuniya nor do they mention his guru or lineage. All of Subramuniya's early works stress meditation, an advaita based monism and yoga, but make no mention of Subramuniya's Hindu religion or sectarian affiliations or his avocation of temple worship so prominently found in his later works.
While Subramuniya blended elements of Aquarian teachings with Hinduism in one context during the 1950s and 1960s he also combined aspects of Hinduism with Christianity in another context. Subramuniya opened two centres in San Francisco in 1957: one nominally Hindu the Subramuniya Yoga Order and the other nominally the Christian Yoga Church.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rawlinson |first=Andrew |year=1997 |title=The Book of Enlightened Masters: Western Teachers in Eastern Traditions |location=Chicago |publisher=Open Court |page=541 |isbn=978-0-8126-9310-2}}</ref> A typical Sunday worship at the Christian Yoga Church included the singing of Christian hymns, readings from the New Testament and the Bhagavad Gita or Upanishads and a sermon related to Christian or Hindu mysticism. In this context, Master Subramuniya was known as Father Subramuniya.<ref>{{harvnb|Lucas|1995|page=13}}</ref> ''All the [Himalayan Academy] biographies are silent on this Christian aspect of Subramuniya's early career most likely because it would place his authority within the Hindu tradition into doubt.''<ref>{{harvnb|Mann|2013|page=125}} ''citing'' {{Cite book|last=Rudrananda |first=Swami (aka Albert Rudolph) |year=1973 |title=Spiritual Cannibalism |location=New York |publisher=Links Books |pages=
===Kauai (1970–2001)===
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==Spiritual lineage==
He followed [[shaivism]] sect ([[Shaiva Siddhanta]]) of Hinduism. He belongs to [[Nandinatha Sampradaya]]'s Kailasa Parampara. Saiva siddhanta is prevalent in South India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dancingwithsivah00subr_0|title=Dancing with Siva by Satguru Siva Subramuniyaswami|publisher=Himalayan Academy|year=1997|isbn=9780945497974|location=USA|pages=ŚLOKA 152}}
His Spiritual lineage : Maharishi Nandinath→ [[Tirumular]]→ → → nameless [[rishi]] from [[himalayas]] → Kadaitswami → [[Chellapaswami]] → [[Yogaswami|Siva Yogaswami]] → Sivaya Subramuniyaswami → [[Bodhinatha Veylanswami]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lineage |url=https://www.himalayanacademy.com/monastery/about/lineage}}
{{S-start}}
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== Honors and awards ==
[[File:Gurudeva U Thant.jpg|thumb|right|2000: Gurudeva receiving the [[U Thant Peace Award]] at the [[United Nations]] in New York]]
* 1986 - [[New Delhi]]'s [[Parliament of the World's Religions]] named Sivaya Subramuniyaswami one of five modern-day Jagadacharyas, means world teachers, for his international efforts in promoting [[hinduism]].<ref name="nyt_obituary" /><ref name="Living with Siva">{{cite book|url=http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/himalayanacademy/sacredhinduliterature/lws/lws_table_of_contents.html|title=Living with Siva|last=Subramuniyaswami|first=Sivaya|publisher=E-Gutenberg|year=2002|isbn=0-945497-98-9|location=USA & India}}
* 1988 - [[Oxford]], England: Hindu representative at the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders for Human Survival. Sivaya Subramuniyaswami joined hundreds of religious, political and scientific leaders from all countries to discuss privately, for the first time, the future of human life on this planet.
* 1988 - [[Oxford]] : he represented Hinduism at the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders .<ref name="nyt_obituary" />
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== Books ==
Gurudeva was author of more than 30 books offering insights on Hindu [[metaphysics]], [[Saivism]], [[mysticism]], [[yoga]], and [[meditation]]. His works are highly regarded by many [[Contemporary Hindu movements|contemporary Hindu leaders]].<ref>[http://www.himalayanacademy.com/resources/books/dws/dws_reviews.html External reviews of ''Dancing with Siva'']
His ''Master Course''<ref>''Dancing with Siva'' {{ISBN|0-945497-97-0}}; ''Living with Siva'' {{ISBN|0-945497-98-9}}; ''Merging with Siva'' {{ISBN|0-945497-95-4}}
* ''Dancing with Siva''
* ''Living with Siva''
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[[Category:Translators of the Tirukkural into English]]
[[Category:Tirukkural translators]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]
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