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Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator: Difference between revisions





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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox nrhpNRHP
| name = Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator
| nrhp_type = nhl
| image = Mariner 10 in JPLs 25-foot space simulator.gif
| captionimage = Mariner 10 in theJPLs Twenty-Five25-Footfoot Spacespace Simulatorsimulator.gif
| caption = Mariner 10 in the Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator
| location = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], [[Pasadena, California]]
| lat_degrees = 34
| coordinates = {{coord|34|12|9.8|N|118|10|22.4|W|display=inline,title}}
| lat_minutes = 12
| locmapin = USA Los Angeles Metropolitan Area#California#USA
| lat_seconds = 9.78
| area = less than one acre
| lat_direction = N
| built = {{start date|1961}}
| long_degrees = 118
| architect = [[NASA]]▼
| long_minutes = 10
| designated_nrhp_type = October 3, 1985<ref name=nhl_summary>{{Cite web | title = Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator | work = National Historic Landmarks Quioklinks | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2073&ResourceType=Structure | access-date = 18 March 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101213025605/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2073&ResourceType=Structure | archive-date = 13 December 2010 }}</ref>
| long_seconds = 22.36
| added = October 3, 1985<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| long_direction = W
| refnum = 85002812▼
| locmapin = California
| area =
| built =1961
▲ | architect= [[NASA]]
| architecture=
| designated_nrhp_type = October 3, 1985<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1929&ResourceType=Structure
|title=Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator |accessdate=2008-02-13|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
| added = October 3, 1985<ref name="nris">{{cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2007-01-23|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
| governing_body = [[NASA]]
▲ | refnum=85002812
}}
 
The '''Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator''' is ana {{convert|85|ft|m|sing=on}}chamber for testing spacecraft in space-like conditions, including extreme cold, high<ref name="nhlwriteup">[http://wwwradiation, and near-vacuum pressure.nr.nps.gov/writeups/85002812.nl.pdf NHLBuilt Writeup]</ref>in stainless-steel1961, it is cylinderlocated at the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] in [[Pasadena, California]]. It {{convert|27|ft|m}}has in diameter, it isbeen used forto testingprepare spacecraftmany inAmerican space-like conditionsprobes offor extremetheir coldlaunches, near-vacuum pressure, and high radiation.including the [[Ranger program|Ranger]], [[Surveyor Program|Surveyor]], [[Mariner program|Mariner]], and [[Voyager program|Voyager]] spacecraft were all tested in this facility.
 
ItThe wasfirst declaredfacility aof [[Nationalits Historictype, Landmark]]the inchamber 1985served as an example for other countries seeking to establish space programs.<ref name="nhlsum"/><ref name="nrhpinv2">{{citationCite web|titleauthor={{PDFlink|[http://pdfhostHarry A.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/85002812.pdf Butowsky|date=May 15, 1984|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Twenty-Five Foot Space Simulator]|32&nbsp;KB}}|dateurl=May 15, 1984{{NHLS url|authorid=Harry A. Butowsky 85002812}}|format=pdf|publisher=National Park Service}} and {{PDFlink|[http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/ url|id=85002812.pdf |title=''Accompanying 2 photos, exterior and interior, from 1983'']|photos=y}}&nbsp;{{small|(32&nbsp;KB)}}</ref> It was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1985 and is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nhl_summary" /><ref name="nris" />
 
==Description==
The Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator is a stainless-steel cylinder {{convert|85|ft|m}} in height and {{convert|27|ft|m}} in diameter. A doorway {{convert|15|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|25|ft|m}} high provides access for bringing test objects and equipment into the chamber; a personnel access door is built into the larger doorway. Its walls and floor are lined with cooling shrouds that help provide a controllable temperature range from {{convert|-320|F|C}} to {{convert|200|F|C}}. A series of lamps, lenses, and mirrors can irradiate the chamber with a directed beam of simulated solar energy in a variety of patterns and strengths. The chamber can be depressurized to 5×10<sup>−7</sup> [[torr]]. Test objects can be mounted with a number of attachment points and methods. The chamber is mounted on a seismically isolated foundation.<ref name="nrhpinv2" /> The chamber requires about 75 minutes to achieve a space-like environment, and about 2{{frac|1|2}} hours to return to a normal environment.
 
Next to the chamber is a [[clean room]] in which equipment can be prepared for testing.<ref name="nrhpinv2" />
 
==See also==
*[[Category:List of National Historic Landmarks in California]]▼
*[[Space Environment Simulation Laboratory]], built in 1965 at the [[Johnson Space Center]] in Texas
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references />
 
{{Commons category|JPL Space Simulator}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}▼
 
▲{{RegisteredNational Register of Historic Places}}
▲[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in California]]
{{Spaceflight landmarks}}
[[Category:Pasadena, California]]▼
[[Category:1961 establishments]]▼
[[Category:Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]▼
 
{{authority control}}
 
▲[[Category:Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
{{California-NRHP-stub}}
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in California]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Pasadena, California]]
[[Category:Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in California]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1961]]
▲[[Category:Buildings and structures in Pasadena, California]]
▲[[Category:1961 establishments in California]]

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