→Attacks: Fixed typo
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{{Short description|2007 mass shooting in Blacksburg, Virginia, US}}
{{About|the April 16, 2007, shootings|the 2006 incident|William Morva}}
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{{Infobox civilian attack
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▲| image = Virginia Tech massacre candlelight vigil Burruss.jpg
| caption = A candlelight vigil following the shooting on the [[Virginia Tech]] campus on April 17, 2007
▲| alt = A crowd of people holding candles.
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* [[Walther P22]] pistol{{r|Williams}}
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| motive = '''Ambler Johnston shooting''': Possible romantic dispute, [[witness tampering|witness elimination]]
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*[[Kevin Granata]]
*[[G. V. Loganathan]]
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*Matthew La Porte<ref name=Gibbons />
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{{Virginia Tech shooting}}<!-- Title coordinates at midpoint between the two buildings and at precision suggested by WP:OPCOORD (object size ~950 m) -->
The '''Virginia Tech shooting''' was a [[spree killer|spree shooting]] that occurred on Monday, April 16, 2007, comprising two attacks on the campus of the [[Virginia Tech|Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]] (Virginia Tech) in [[Blacksburg,
The first shooting occurred at West Ambler Johnston Hall, a [[dormitory]], where two people were killed; the main attack was a [[school shooting]] at Norris Hall, a classroom building, where Cho chained the main entrance doors shut and fired into four classrooms and in a stairwell, killing thirty more people. As police stormed Norris Hall, Cho fatally shot himself in the head. It was the [[Mass shootings in the United States#Deadliest mass shootings since 1949|deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history]]
The attacks received international media coverage and provoked widespread criticism of [[U.S. gun culture]].{{r|Perry}} It sparked debate about [[gun violence]], [[gun law]]s, gaps in the U.S. system for treating [[mental health]] issues, Cho's state of mind, the responsibility of college administrations,{{r|Spielman}} [[privacy law]]s, [[journalism ethics and standards|journalism ethics]], and other issues. News organizations that aired portions of Cho's multimedia [[manifesto]] were criticized by victims' families, Virginia law enforcement officials, and the [[American Psychiatric Association]].{{r|Maddox|APA}}
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== Attacks ==
[[File:VA Tech massacre aerial photo of referenced locations.jpg|thumb|alt=Building locations depicted in red|Aerial photo showing location of [[Campus of Virginia Tech#Other residence halls|Harper Hall]] (Cho's dorm), [[Norris Hall]], [[Campus of Virginia Tech#Ambler Johnston Hall|
{{See also|Timeline of the Virginia Tech shooting#
The shootings occurred in two separate incidents. The first incident was in [[Campus of Virginia Tech#Ambler Johnston Hall|West Ambler Johnston Hall]], a [[residence hall]] where [[Seung-Hui Cho]] killed two students. The second incident was in [[Norris Hall]], an academic building on the opposite side of the campus where the other thirty-one deaths occurred, including that of Cho himself, and all the nonlethal injuries occurred. Cho used two [[semi-automatic pistol]]s during the attacks: a [[.22 Long Rifle|.22-caliber]] [[Walther P22
=== West Ambler Johnston shootings ===
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At 9:50 am, 10 minutes after the second shooting began, a [[SWAT]] team started to enter the building.<ref name="We Remember 32"/> They were not able to shoot their way through the chain locked entrances, but managed entry via a separate entrance. They went up to the third floor, but heard from student Emily Haas, who was wounded and survived in room 211 (Nowak's French class), saying that the gunman was in her classroom as she stayed on the line. As police started to descend the stairwell, Cho had already begun to hear the footsteps. He looked out into the hallway briefly, before walking back into the centre of room 211 towards the windows and, just as police reached the second floor, shot himself in the temple with the Glock 19 and died instantly. When police arrived at room 211, they saw Cho lying on the ground with his guns beside him, and some students, who were either injured or playing dead, heard the officer's first words: "Gunman down!". During the investigation, State Police Superintendent William Flaherty told a state panel that police found 203 remaining rounds of ammunition in Norris Hall on Cho and later testified that the armed aggressor was well prepared to continue on.{{r|200Rounds}}
During the two attacks, Cho killed
== Perpetrator ==
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The shooter was identified as 23-year-old Seung-Hui Cho, a senior at Virginia Tech. He was a South Korean citizen with [[United States Permanent Resident Card|U.S. permanent resident status]] who was majoring in [[English language|English]].
The Virginia Tech Review Panel's August 2007 report (''Massengill Report'') devoted more than twenty pages to Cho's troubled history.{{r|MR.III|p=21|MR.IV|p2=31–53}} At three years of age, he was described as shy, frail, and wary of physical contact.{{r|Smith}} In eighth grade, Cho was diagnosed with [[severe depression]] as well as [[selective mutism]], an [[anxiety disorder]] that inhibited him from speaking in certain situations and/or to specific people.{{r|Golden|Schulte}} While early media reports carried
<!--[[File:ChoSh.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Seung-Hui Cho, standing and holding a gun in each hand; wearing a black baseball cap turned backwards, black gloves, and a vest.|One of the photographs of [[Seung-Hui Cho]] that he sent to NBC News on the day of the shooting.]]-->
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=== Campus response ===
In the hours and days following the shooting, makeshift memorials to those killed or injured began appearing in several locations on the campus. Many people placed flowers and items of remembrance at the base of the Drillfield observation podium in front of [[Burruss Hall]]. Later, members of Hokies United, an alliance of student organizations on campus created to respond to shooting,{{r|OwczarskiUnited}} placed thirty-two pieces of [[Hokie Stone]], each labeled with the name of a victim, in a [[semicircle]] in front of the Drillfield viewing stand.{{r|HinckerMemorial}} What was originally termed an "intermediate memorial" was modeled after the makeshift memorial
[[File:VT April 16 memorial.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Blocks of stone arranged in a semi-circle in a bed of white gravel with a paved walkway in front and green bushes behind.|Permanent memorial on Virginia Tech's Drillfield]]
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===Global support and outreach===
In the days following the shooting, the campus community received several thousand pieces of artifacts and messages of condolence, arriving from over eighty countries and every state within the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.roanoke.com/news/education/higher_education/virginia_tech/in-newman-library-memories-of-loss-and-condolence/article_29fe7f31-5107-53fd-9b25-f40f59472104.html |title = In Newman Library, 90,000 memories of loss and condolence |first = Robby |last=Korth |website = Roanoke Times |date = April 11, 2017 |language = en |access-date = April 11, 2019 |archive-date = April 11, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190411233536/https://www.roanoke.com/news/education/higher_education/virginia_tech/in-newman-library-memories-of-loss-and-condolence/article_29fe7f31-5107-53fd-9b25-f40f59472104.html |url-status = live }}</ref> These included artwork, cards, poetry, and original music. These items were later gathered and photographed by the University Library and are available online.<ref>{{Cite
=== Government response ===
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== See also ==
{{Portal|Virginia|Law}}
{{category see also |Mass murder in the United States|Murder in Virginia|
* [[List of rampage killers (school massacres)]]
* [[List of school-related attacks]]
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<ref name=JPFO>{{cite web |title = Innocents Betrayed |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYkO_3dZAYg |publisher = [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership]] (JPFO) |access-date = May 2, 2014 |date = June 22, 2006 |url-status = live <!--- no archive which includes the _video_ is available at either WebCite or Archive.org (Wayback Machine)---> |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140517134706/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYkO_3dZAYg |archive-date = May 17, 2014 }}{{cbignore}} The website referenced at the video, http://www.innocentsbetrayed.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217115415/http://innocentsbetrayed.com/ |date=December 17, 2014 }} <!-- This is a site error message page; useless {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217115415/http://innocentsbetrayed.com/ |date=December 17, 2014}} -->, is no longer online; an archive of the site was not available as of September 22, 2017. The full video from which this clip was taken is available at {{cite web |title = Innocents Betrayed - The History of Gun Control - FULL LENGTH |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUmKT43j4Tc |website = YouTube |publisher = Uploader: PatriotsUnitedNow |access-date = September 22, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170309064934/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUmKT43j4Tc |archive-date = March 9, 2017 |format = Video |date = October 3, 2011 |url-status = live }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name=Kang>{{cite web |last = Kang |first = Chan-Ho |url = http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2874580 |title = Korean Student Named Gunman in U.S. Massacre |work
<ref name=Kapsidelis>{{cite news |first1 = Karin |last1 = Kapsidelis |title = Va. Tech pays U.S. fines related to '07 killings |date = April 17, 2014 |access-date = June 10, 2014 |url = http://www.dailyprogress.com/news/va-tech-pays-u-s-fines-related-to-killings/article_22d2e294-c656-11e3-9792-0017a43b2370.html |newspaper = [[The Daily Progress]] |location = [[Charlottesville, Virginia]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191210051341/https://www.dailyprogress.com/news/va-tech-pays-u-s-fines-related-to-killings/article_22d2e294-c656-11e3-9792-0017a43b2370.html |archive-date = December 10, 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref>
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<ref name=Loganathan>{{cite web |url = http://www.remembrance.vt.edu/biographies/loganathan.html |title = G.V. Loganathan |work = We Remember–Biographies |publisher = Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |date = April 16, 2008 |access-date = May 3, 2014 |archive-date = June 18, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120618125826/http://www.remembrance.vt.edu/biographies/loganathan.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Losey">{{cite web |last1 = Losey |first1 = Stephen |title = Virginia Tech cadet honored for saving lives in 2007 campus massacre |url = https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2015/04/14/virginia-tech-cadet-honored-for-saving-lives-in-2007-campus-massacre/ |website = [[Air Force Times]] |publisher = [[Sightline Media Group]] |access-date = September 20, 2017 |archive-url = https://
<ref name=Lueders>{{cite book |last = Lueders |first = Beth J. |title = Lifting Our Eyes: Finding God's Grace Through the Virginia Tech Tragedy ''The Lauren McCain Story'' |chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/liftingoureyesfi00lued |chapter-url-access = registration |date = September 4, 2007 |publisher = [[Berkley Books|Berkley]] |edition = Kindle |chapter = Chapter Three: Lights in the Darkness |isbn = 9780425221136 }}</ref>
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<ref name=NCR3.2>{{cite web |title = VT Remembrance Race 2014 |url = http://www.dchokies.org/event.aspx?id=793 |work = Virginia Tech for life |publisher = Virginia Tech Alumni Association National Capital Regional Chapter |access-date = May 6, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140506211530/http://www.dchokies.org/event.aspx?id=793 |archive-date = May 6, 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name=NetEase>{{cite web |title = 美国弗吉尼亚理工大学枪击案 |date = September 29, 2013 |access-date = February 23, 2016 |website = NetEase |url = http://edu.163.com/13/0929/13/99UM8HSP00294IIK.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150224143618/http://edu.163.com/13/0929/13/99UM8HSP00294IIK.html |archive-date = February 24, 2015 |url-status = live
<ref name=Ng>{{cite web |last1 = Ng |first1 = Christina |title = Alleged Va. Tech Shooter Identified |url = https://abcnews.go.com/US/virginia-tech-shooter-identified/story?id=15120706 |work = [[Good Morning America]] |publisher = [[ABC News]] |access-date = May 21, 2014 |last2 = Portnoy |first2 = Steven |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130926053523/https://abcnews.go.com/US/virginia-tech-shooter-identified/story?id=15120706 |archive-date = September 26, 2013 |format = Video with transcript |date = December 9, 2011 }}</ref>
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<ref name=Roy>{{cite book |last = Roy |first = Lucinda |title = No Right to Remain Silent: What We've Learned from the Tragedy at Virginia Tech |date = March 10, 2010 |publisher = [[Broadway Books]] |isbn = 978-0-307-58770-1 |edition = Reprint |author-link = Lucinda Roy |type = Paperback |url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307587701 }}</ref>
<ref name=Sae-jung>{{cite web |last = Sae-jung |first = Kim |title = South Korea's Reaction to the Virginia Tech Massacre |url = http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?no=356853&rel_no=1 <!-- |section = Opinion--> |work
<ref name=Samaha>{{cite web |url = http://www.remembrance.vt.edu/biographies/samaha.html |title = Reema Joseph Samaha |work = We Remember–Biographies |publisher = Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |date = April 16, 2008 |access-date = May 3, 2014 |archive-date = June 21, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130621181921/http://www.remembrance.vt.edu/biographies/samaha.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
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{{commons category|Virginia Tech massacre}}
{{Wikinews|33 dead, 15 injured in Virginia Tech shootings | Virginia Tech shooter identified, witness reports emerge | Virginia Tech gunman sent package to NBC}}
* ''Massengill Report'': {{cite web |title = Mass Shootings at Virginia Tech April 16, 2007: Report of the Virginia Tech Review Panel |url = http://www.governor.virginia.gov/TempContent/techPanelReport.pdf |publisher = Commonwealth of Virginia |date = August 2007 |access-date = April 26, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131015095917/http://www.governor.virginia.gov/TempContent/techPanelReport-docs/FullReport.pdf |archive-date = October 15, 2013 |url-status = dead }} (Additional [
* {{cite web |title = Mass Shootings at Virginia Tech: Addendum to the Report of the Review Panel ''(revised)'' |url = http://www.governor.virginia.gov/TempContent/techPanelReport-docs/VT_Addendum_12-2-2009.pdf |publisher = Commonwealth of Virginia |date = December 2009 |orig-year = first published November 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131015082946/http://www.governor.virginia.gov/TempContent/techPanelReport-docs/VT_Addendum_12-2-2009.pdf |archive-date = October 15, 2013 |url-status = dead }}
* {{cite web |url = https://ccri.edu/campuspolice/pdfs/AAR%20VA%20Tech.pdf |title = After Action Review: An Evaluation and Assessment of the Law Enforcement Tactical Response to the Virginia Tech University Shootings of Monday, 16 April 2007 |publisher = Archangel Group, Ltd. |date = September 5, 2008 |accessdate = April 7, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230128112835/https://ccri.edu/campuspolice/pdfs/AAR%20VA%20Tech.pdf |archive-date = January 28, 2023 |url-status = live }}
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[[Category:2007 mass shootings in the United States]]
[[Category:2007 murders in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass murder in the United States in the 2000s]]▼
[[Category:April 2007 crimes in the United States]]
[[Category:Attacks in the United States in 2007]]
[[Category:Crimes in Virginia]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Virginia]]
[[Category:Disasters in Virginia]]
[[Category:Korean-American history]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 2007]]
▲[[Category:Mass murder in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass murder in Virginia]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in Virginia]]
[[Category:Mass shootings involving Glock pistols]]
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[[Category:University and college killings in the United States]]
[[Category:University and college shootings in the United States]]
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