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The main stem of the Wenaha River begins at an elevation of {{convert|2809|ft|m}} in western Wallowa County, at the confluence of its north and south forks at Wenaha Forks.<ref name="USGS Wenaha Forks">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=48081|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Wenaha Forks, OR quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref> The {{convert|13.8|mi|km|adj=on}} long<ref name="NHD">{{cite web|url=https://apps.nationalmap.gov/downloader/|title=National Hydrography Dataset via the National Map Viewer|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|accessdate=2024-01-25}}</ref> [[North Fork Wenaha River]] originates near [[Ski Bluewood]] to the east of Deadman Peak in [[Columbia County, Washington]], at an elevation of {{convert|5885|ft|m}},<ref>{{cite web | work = [[Geographic Names Information System]] (GNIS) | publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = November 28, 1980 | url ={{Gnis3|1147019}} | title = North Fork Wenaha River|accessdate=December 21, 2015}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Elevation derived from [[Google Earth]] using GNIS source coordinates.|group=n}} and flows south into Oregon.<ref name="USGS Wenaha Forks"/><ref name="USGS Deadman Peak">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=11614|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Deadman Peak, WA quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref><ref name="USGS Godman Spring">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=17563|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Godman Spring, WA quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref> The {{convert|12.2|mi|km|adj=on}} long<ref name="NHD"/> [[South Fork Wenaha River]] begins in the southwest corner of Wallowa County, at an elevation of {{convert|5723|ft|m}},<ref>{{cite web | work = [[Geographic Names Information System]] (GNIS) | publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = November 28, 1980 | url ={{Gnis3|1150042}} | title = South Fork Wenaha River|accessdate=January 13, 2016}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Elevation derived from [[Google Earth]] using GNIS source coordinates.|group=n}} and flows northeast to the confluence.<ref name="USGS Wenaha Forks"/><ref name="USGS Bone Spring">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=4782|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Bone Spring, OR quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref>
From the forks, the Wenaha River flows east, cutting a deep canyon through rugged plateau country on the eastern flank of the northern Blue Mountains.<ref name="WSR Management Plan"/> Atop the steep [[basalt]] canyon walls – locally known as "breaks" – sit rolling forested uplands, including Grouse Flat and Moore Flat to the north of the river and Hoodoo and Eden Ridges south of it.<ref name="USGS Wenaha Forks"/><ref name="USGS Elbow Creek">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=13856|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Elbow Creek, OR quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref><ref name="USGS Eden Ridge">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=13624|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Eden Ridge, OR quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref><ref name="USGS Troy">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=45763|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Troy, OR quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref> It leaves the national forest and empties into the Grande Ronde River at the town of [[Troy, Oregon|Troy]], at an elevation of {{convert|1601|ft|m}}.<ref name="
Tributaries enter the river in the following order headed downstream: Beaver Creek, Slick Ear Creek, and Rock Creek, all from the [[:wikt:left bank|left]]; Big Hole Canyon from the [[:wikt:right bank|right]]; Butte Creek, left; Swamp Creek, right; Weller Creek, left; Cross Canyon, right; Fairview Creek, left; Burnt Canyon, right; Crooked Creek, left.<ref name="USGS Wenaha Forks"/><ref name="USGS Elbow Creek"/><ref name="USGS Eden Ridge"/> The largest tributaries are Butte Creek, which originates in Columbia County near the headwaters of the North Fork,<ref name="USGS Godman Spring"/> and Crooked Creek, which drains parts of Columbia, [[Garfield County, Washington|Garfield]] and [[Asotin County, Washington|Asotin]] counties in Washington.<ref name="USGS Oregon Butte">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=33390|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Oregon Butte, WA quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref><ref name="USGS Diamond Peak">{{Cite web |url=https://www.topoquest.com/map-detail.php?usgs_cell_id=12205|title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map: Diamond Peak, WA quad |last=[[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) |publisher=TopoQuest |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref> Both form extensive canyon systems of their own, and flow south to join the Wenaha River shortly after entering Oregon.<ref name="USGS Elbow Creek"/><ref name="USGS Eden Ridge"/>
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