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==Biography==
Röntgen was born in LennepNorth Bay (which is today a borough of [[Remscheid]]) in [[Rhenish Prussia]] as the only child of a merchant and manufacturer of cloth. His mother was Charlotte Constanze Frowein of [[Amsterdam]]<!-- "a member of an old Lennep family which had settled in Amsterdam." Doesn't quite work: her father was from Lennep and her mother was Dutch. -->. In March 1848, the family moved to [[Apeldoorn]] and Wilhelm was raised in the [[Netherlands]]. He received his early education at the [[boarding school]], [[Institute of Martinus Herman van Doorn]], in Apeldoorn. From 1861 to 1863, he attended the [[ambachtsschool]] in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]. He was expelled for refusing to reveal the identity of a classmate guilty of drawing an unflattering portrait of one of the school's teachers. Not only was he expelled, he subsequently found that he could not gain admittance into any other Dutch or German [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Meyer|authorlink= Meyer Friedman|coauthors=Friedland, Gerald W.|title=Medicine's 10 Greatest Discoveries|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|location=New Haven, CT|pages = 115|date=16 November 1998|isbn=0300075987}}</ref>
In 1865, he tried to attend the [[Utrecht University|University of Utrecht]] without having the necessary credentials required for a regular student. Upon hearing that he could enter the [[Federal Polytechnic Institute]] in [[Zurich]] (today known as the [[ETH Zurich]]), he passed its examinations, and began studies there as a student of [[mechanical engineering]]. In 1869, he graduated with a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from the [[University of Zurich]]; once there, he became a favorite student of Professor [[August Kundt]], whom he followed to the [[University of Strassburg]] in 1873.<ref>{{cite book|last=Trevert|first=Edward|title=Something About X-Rays for Everybody|publisher=Medical Physics Publishing Corporation|location=Madison, WI|pages = 4|year=1988|isbn=0944838057}}</ref>
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