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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Zacatecas
| official_name =
| native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City and municipality
| image_skyline = {{
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| total_width = 280
| caption_align = center
| image1 = CSMLMZZAC002.JPG
| caption1 = [[Cathedral Basilica of Zacatecas|Cathedral of Zacatecas]] and main street
| image2 = Zacatecas_(cropped).jpg
| caption2 = Miguel Auza Square
| image3 = Q.Real Zacatecas.jpg
| caption3 = Quinta Real and aqueduct
| image4 = Zacatecas059.jpg
| caption4 = [[Francisco Goitia]] Museum
| image5 = Museo Rafael Coronel - panoramio.jpg
| caption5 = St. Francis Monastery (now [[Rafael Coronel]] Museum)
| image6 = Mina El Edén Zacatecas México.jpg
| caption6 = [[Eden silver mine]]
| image7 = Iglesia de Fatima1.jpg
| caption7 = [[Church of Our Lady of Fátima (Zacatecas)|Church of Our Lady of Fátima]]
| color_border= white
| color= white
| size = 255
}}
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal = Escudo de armas de la Ciudad y Estado de Zacatecas.svg
| seal_size = 100px
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| nickname = ''Civilizadora del Norte''<br>''Ciudad de Cantera''<br>''Corazón de Plata''
| motto =
| image_map = <mapframe frameless align=center width=255 height=255 zoom=12 latitude=22.771667 longitude= -102.575278/>
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Zacatecas#Mexico
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|22|46|25|N|102|34|25|W|region:MX-zac|display=inlinE,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Mexico]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of Mexico|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Zacatecas]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1548
| established_title2 = Municipal Status
| established_date2 = 1825
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_party = [[National Regeneration Movement|MORENA]] [[File:Morena Party (Mexico).svg|15px|MORENA]]
| leader_title = Municipal President
| leader_name = Jorge Miranda Castro (2021–2024)
| leader_title1 = <!--for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager-->
| leader_name1 = Pancho Villa
| total_type = Municipality
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 356.14
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| elevation_m = 2440
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = 345,06
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| postal_code_type = Postal code (of seat) <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code = 98000
| area_code = 492
| website = {{in lang|es}} [http://www.capitalzacatecas.gob.mx/ /Official site]
| footnotes = {{designation list | embed=yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_offname = Historic Centre of Zacatecas
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| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas|Latin America and the Caribbean]]
}}
| timezone = [[Central Standard Time|CST]]
| utc_offset = −6
| timezone_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset_DST = −5
| elevation_point = of seat
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
}}
'''Zacatecas''' ({{IPA-es|sakaˈtekas|-|ES-pe_-_Zacatecas.ogg}}) is the principal city within the [[municipalities of Mexico|municipality in Mexico]] of the same name, and the capital
==History==
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[[File:Casa de moneda de Zacatecas. Vista desde antiguo templo de San Agustín I..JPG|thumbnail|left|Former city [[Mint (facility)|mint]]]]
Zacatecas was one of the richest states in Mexico. One of the most important mines from the colonial period is the El Edén mine. It began operations in 1586 in the Cerro de la Bufa. It principally produced gold and silver with most of its production occurring in the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, the opening of this mine is within the city limits and was closed to mining in 1960. It was reopened as a tourist attraction in 1975.<ref name="ciudades">{{cite news |title= Ciudades del Mundo: Zacatecas |last= Gonzalez |first=Carmen |newspaper=Reforma |location= Mexico City |date=February 22, 2004 |page=2 |language=es |trans-title=Cities of the World: Zacatecas }}</ref>
By the end of the 16th century, the city was the second most important, after Mexico City, and the income its mines produced for the Spanish Crown made it one of the most powerful in Europe.<ref name="esculturalmente"/><ref name="revolucionaria"/> Its importance was not only due to mining. Most of the
Over the rest of the colonial period, the riches from the ground financed the building of important religious and secular constructions. The peak of this construction occurred in the 18th century. One of these constructions is the Colegio de San Luis Gonzaga, which was established in 1796.<ref name="encmuc"/>
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The anniversary of the city had been celebrated on the day of the Virgin of Zapopan, who was the patron until 1975. Since then the patron has been changed to the Virgin del Patrocinio, who is celebrated on the same day,.<ref name="defiesta">{{cite news |title= Aqui Cerca / Zacatecas de fiesta! |last= Armenta |first=Francisco |newspaper=Mural |location=Guadalajara, Mexico |date=September 10, 2004 |page=18 |language=es |trans-title=Nearby/Party in Zacatecas! }}</ref>
[[File:
The city center was named a World Heritage Site in 1993.<ref name="encmuc"/> [[UNESCO]]'s websites states the following as justification. "Founded in 1546 after the discovery of a rich silver lode, Zacatecas reached the height of its prosperity in the 16th and 17th centuries. Built on the steep slopes of a narrow valley, the town has views of the area. There are also several old buildings, both religious and civil. The cathedral, built between 1730 and 1760, dominates downtown. It is notable for its harmonious design and the Baroque profusion of its façades, where European and indigenous decorative elements are found side by side."<ref name="who">{{cite web |url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/676 |title= Historic Centre of Zacatecas |publisher=World Heritage Organization |access-date=May 11, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003033520/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/676 |archive-date=October 3, 2009 }}</ref>
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===Cathedral===
{{main|Zacatecas Cathedral}}
[[File:
In the city proper just south of the main plaza, is the cathedral, which is located over the ruins of pre-Hispanic temples. The current structure dates from 1752 and has a façade of sculpted pink stone. The best time to appreciate the façade is in the late afternoon when the sun shines directly on it.<ref name="ciudades"/> This church is considered to be one of the best examples of Mexican [[Churrigueresque]] architecture.<ref name="catedral">{{cite web |url=http://www.indaabin.gob.mx/dgpif/historicos/zacatecas.htm |title=Catedral de Zacatecas |publisher=INDAABIN |location=Mexico |language=es |trans-title=Cathedral of Zacatecas |access-date=May 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722225606/http://www.indaabin.gob.mx/dgpif/historicos/zacatecas.htm |archive-date=July 22, 2011 }}</ref> The first parish church was built on this site between 1567 and 1585, but it was in ruins by the beginning of the 17th century. A second church was built between 1612 and 1625 and was called the Chapel of Santo Cristo.<ref name="baroque"/><ref name="catedral"/> The remains of this construction can be seen in the first level of the south tower and the main façade.<ref name="catedral"/> The current cathedral was begun in 1729 with main façade finished in 1745 but not opened to worship until 1752.<ref name="finsemana"/>
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The Zacatecano Museum is on Doctor Hierro Street and houses a collection of Huichol art, folk retablos (ex-votos) (folk paintings giving thanks for a miracle) and wrought ironwork. This building used to be the Casa de Moneda (coin mint) between 1802 and 1905.<ref name="artistica"/><ref name="finsemana"/> Other museums include Museo de Pintura Colonial and [[Casa Museo Ramón López Velarde]]. Still other museums include the Episcopal Gallery, the Museo de la Ciencia and the [[Francisco Goitia]] Museum. The Episcopal Gallery is located to the side of the cathedral and contains religious art from the 19th and 20th centuries. It contains religious paraphernalia, paintings and sculptures related to Catholic Church history including a multilingual Bible from 1772.<ref name="museos"/> The Museo de la Ciencia (Science Museum) is located in the old central building of the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas and contains collections documenting the advances of physics, mathematics and natural sciences.<ref name="museos"/> The Francisco Goitia Museum contains works by this Zacatecas artist as well as works by Julio Ruelas, Pedro and Rafael Coronel, Manuel Felguérez and Jose Kuri Brena.<ref name="artistica"/>
==Education==
===Universities and technical education===
The city contains a number of universities and institutions of higher education, including the state-sponsored Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uaz.edu.mx/|title= Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas| website= uaz.edu.mx|access-date=March 13, 2018}}</ref>
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==The municipality==
===Geography===
[[File:Nevada 2010 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Downtown Zacatecas after snowfall.]]
As municipal seat, the city of Zacatecas is the governmental authority for 180 other named localities,<ref name="INEGI">{{cite web|url=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/ |title=INEGI Census 2005 |language=es |access-date=May 11, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406130712/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/ |archive-date=April 6, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which total an area of {{cvt|444|km2}}.<ref name="encmuc"/> Ninety-three percent of the municipality's population of 132,035 lives in the city proper.<ref name="INEGI"/> There are no indigenous communities in the municipalities with almost all of the population being "mestizo" or mixed indigenous-European. Under 500 people speak an indigenous language such as Huichol and Zacateco but most of these are from other parts of Mexico and speak Spanish as well. The municipality borders the municipalities of Calera, Morelos, Vetagrande, Guadalupe, Genaro Codina and Jerez.<ref name="encmuc"/>
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{{Weather box
|width = 100%
| location = Zacatecas (Buenavista), elevation: 2352 m,
| single line = Yes
| metric first = Yes
Line 266 ⟶ 274:
| year record high C = 36.0
| Jan high C = 17.8
| Feb high C =
| Mar high C =
| Apr high C = 24.
| May high C = 26.
| Jun high C = 25.
| Jul high C =
| Aug high C =
| Sep high C = 22.
| Oct high C = 22.1
| Nov high C =
| Dec high C = 18.
| year high C = 22.
| Jan mean C = 11.
| Feb mean C =
| Mar mean C =
| Apr mean C = 17.
| May mean C = 19.
| Jun mean C = 19.
| Jul mean C =
| Aug mean C =
| Sep mean C = 17.
| Oct mean C =
| Nov mean C = 14.1
| Dec mean C =
| year mean C =
| Jan low C =
| Feb low C =
| Mar low C =
| Apr low C = 10.
| May low C = 12.
| Jun low C =
| Jul low C =
| Aug low C =
| Sep low C = 11.
| Oct low C =
| Nov low C = 7.
| Dec low C =
| year low C = 9.
| Jan record low C = -6.3
| Feb record low C = -3.5
Line 318 ⟶ 326:
| year record low C = -11.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =
| Feb precipitation mm =
| Mar precipitation mm =
| Apr precipitation mm =
| May precipitation mm =
| Jun precipitation mm =
| Jul precipitation mm =
| Aug precipitation mm =
| Sep precipitation mm =
| Oct precipitation mm =
| Nov precipitation mm =
| Dec precipitation mm =
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.
| Feb precipitation days = 1.
| Mar precipitation days =
| Apr precipitation days = 1.
| May precipitation days = 3.
| Jun precipitation days =
| Jul precipitation days = 10.
| Aug precipitation days =
| Sep precipitation days = 9.
| Oct precipitation days = 4.
| Nov precipitation days = 1.
| Dec precipitation days = 2.2
| year precipitation days =
| Jan snow days = 0.33
| Feb snow days = 0
Line 358 ⟶ 366:
| Dec snow days = 0.11
| year snow days = 0.93
|source 1 = [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)|Servicio Meteorologico Nacional]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=SERVICIO METEOROLÓGICO NACIONAL NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS |publisher=Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |access-date=26 February 2024 |url= https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Normales_Climatologicas/Normales9120/zac/nor9120_32086.TXT |language=Spanish }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Max-Extr/00032/00032086.TXT
| title = Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation for Zacatecas (DGE)
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| single line = y
| metric first = y
| location = Zacatecas (La Bufa), elevation: 2576 m (
| Jan record high C = 29.0
| Feb record high C = 28.6
Line 390 ⟶ 392:
| Dec record high C = 21.8
| year record high C = 35.0
| Jan high C =
| Feb high C =
| Mar high C =
| Apr high C =
| May high C =
| Jun high C =
| Jul high C =
| Aug high C =
| Sep high C =
| Oct high C = 18.
| Nov high C = 17.
| Dec high C = 15.
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 10.
| Feb mean C = 11.
| Mar mean C = 13.
| Apr mean C = 15.
| May mean C = 17.
| Jun mean C =
| Jul mean C = 15.
| Aug mean C = 15.
| Sep mean C = 14.5
| Oct mean C =
| Nov mean C = 12.
| Dec mean C =
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 6.
| Feb low C =
| Mar low C = 8.
| Apr low C =
| May low C = 12.
| Jun low C = 12.4
| Jul low C = 11.
| Aug low C = 11.
| Sep low C = 11.
| Oct low C = 10.
| Nov low C = 8.6
| Dec low C = 7.
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -14.0
| Feb record low C = -9.2
Line 442 ⟶ 444:
| Dec record low C = -12.2
| year record low C = -14.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =
| Feb precipitation mm = 9.
| Mar precipitation mm =
| Apr precipitation mm =
| May precipitation mm =
| Jun precipitation mm =
| Jul precipitation mm =
| Aug precipitation mm =
| Sep precipitation mm =
| Oct precipitation mm =
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.
| Dec precipitation mm =
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days =
| Jan precipitation days =
| Feb precipitation days = 1.
| Mar precipitation days =
| Apr precipitation days =
| May precipitation days =
| Jun precipitation days =
| Jul precipitation days =
| Aug precipitation days =
| Sep precipitation days =
| Oct precipitation days =
| Nov precipitation days =
| Dec precipitation days =
| year precipitation days =
| Jan humidity =
| Feb humidity =
| Mar humidity = 34.
| Apr humidity =
| May humidity =
| Jun humidity = 57.
| Jul humidity =
| Aug humidity =
| Sep humidity = 72.
| Oct humidity = 61.
| Nov humidity =
| Dec humidity =
| year humidity =
| Jan sun = 218.4
| Feb sun = 223.6
Line 496 ⟶ 498:
| Dec sun = 202.3
| year sun =
| source 1 = [[
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-4-WMO-Normals-9120/Mexico/CSV/LaBufa_76525.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — La Bufa
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = February 26, 2024}}</ref><ref name = noaa>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/MX/76525.TXT
| title = Zacatecas (76525) – WMO Weather Station
| access-date = December 24, 2018
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}} [https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAAZacatecasCity Archived] December 27, 2018, at the [[Wayback Machine]].</ref>
| source 2 = [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)|Servicio Meteorologico Nacional]] (extremes)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/tools/RESOURCES/Max-Extr/00032/00032031.TXT
| title = Extreme Temperatures and Precipitation for La Bufa (OBS)
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| language = es
| access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>
}}
| |||