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Voiced retroflex lateral approximant





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(Redirected from ɭ)
  

The voiced retroflex lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɭ ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l`.

Voiced retroflex lateral approximant
ɭ
IPA Number156
Audio sample

source · help

Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɭ
Unicode (hex)U+026D
X-SAMPAl`
Braille⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)

The retroflex lateral approximant contrasts phonemically with its voiceless counterpart /ɭ̊ /inIaai and Toda.[1] In both of these languages it also contrasts with more anterior /l̥, l/, which are dental in Iaai and alveolar in Toda.[1]

Features

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Features of the voiced retroflex lateral approximant:

Occurrence

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In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical [ɭ̺] and laminal [ɭ̻].

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Bashkir ел [jɪ̞ɭ]ⓘ 'wind' Apical retroflex lateral; occurs in front vowel contexts.
Dhivehi ފަޅޯ / falhoa [faɭoː] 'papaya'
Enindhilyagwa marluwiya [maɭuwija] 'emu'
Faroese árla [ɔɻɭa] 'early' Allophone of /l/ after /ɹ/. See Faroese phonology
French Standard[2] belle jambe [bɛɭ ʒɑ̃b] 'beautiful leg' Allophone of /l/ before /f/ and /ʒ/ for some speakers.[2] See French phonology
Gujarati નળ [nəɭə] 'tap' Represented by a ⟨ળ⟩. Pronounced as /ɭə/.[3]
Kannada ಎಳ್ಳು [ˈeɭːu] 'sesame' Represented by a ⟨ಳ⟩
Katukina-Kanamari[4] [ɭuːˈbɯ] 'to go'
Khanty Eastern dialects пуӆ [puɭ] 'bit'
Some northern dialects
Korean 솔 / sol [soɭ] 'pine' Represented by a ⟨ㄹ⟩. May also be pronounced as /l/.
Malayalam മലയാളം [mɐlɐjäːɭɐm]ⓘ 'Malayalam' Represented by the letter ⟨ള⟩. Sub apical retroflex. Long and short forms are contrastive word-medially[5][6]
Mapudungun[7] mara [ˈmɜɭɜ] 'hare' Possible realization of /ʐ/; may be [ʐ]or[ɻ] instead.[7]
Marathi बाळ [baːɭ] 'baby/child' Represented by a ⟨ळ⟩. Pronounced as /ɭə/. See Marathi phonology.
Miyako Irabu dialect 昼間
ピィルマ 		[pɭːma] 'daytime' Allophone of /ɾ/ used everywhere except syllable-initially.
Norwegian Eastern and central dialects farlig [ˈfɑːɭi] 'dangerous' See Norwegian phonology
Odia ଫଳ [pʰɔɭɔ] 'fruit' Represented by a ⟨ଳ⟩. Pronounced as /ɭɔ/.[3]
Rajasthani फळ [pʰəɭ] 'fruit' Represented by a ⟨ळ⟩.
Paiwan[8] ladjap [ˈɭaɖap] 'lightning' or 'flash' See Paiwan phonology
Punjabi Gurmukhi ਤ੍ਰੇਲ਼ [t̪ɾeɭ] 'dew' Represented by a ⟨ਲ਼⟩ and ⟨لؕ⟩. Font support may be required to see the letter in Shahmukhi.
Shahmukhi تریࣇ
Sanskrit Vedic गरुळ [gɐruɭɐ] 'the mythological bird who Is the vahana of Lord Vishnu' Represented by a ⟨ळ⟩. Pronounced as /ɭɐ/.This consonant was present in Vedic Sanskrit but had become /ɖ/ ⟨ड⟩ in classical Sanskrit. See Vedic Sanskrit and Sanskrit phonology.
Swedish sorl [soːɭ]ⓘ 'murmur' (noun) See Swedish phonology
Tamil[9] ஆள் [äːɭ] 'person' Represented by a ⟨ள்⟩. See Tamil phonology
Telugu నీళ్ళు [niːɭːu]ⓘ 'water' Represented by a ⟨ళ⟩

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 198.
  • ^ a b Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 192.
  • ^ a b Masica (1991), p. 97.
  • ^ Anjos (2012), p. 128.
  • ^ Jiang (2010), pp. 16–17.
  • ^ "Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-30. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  • ^ a b Sadowsky et al. (2013), p. 90.
  • ^ "ladjap". Online Aboriginal Language Dictionary (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Indigenous Languages Research and Development Foundation. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
  • ^ Keane (2004), p. 111.

    • References

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  • Jiang, Haowen (April 2010). "Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text" (PDF). Department of Linguistics, Rice University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-11.
  • Keane, Elinor (2004). "Tamil". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 34 (1): 111–116. doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549.
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
  • Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.
  • Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto (2013). "Mapudungun". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 43 (1): 87–96. doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369.
  • Shimoji, Michinori (December 2008). "Phonology". A Grammar of Irabu, a Southern Ryukyuan Language (PhD thesis). The Australian National University. hdl:1885/150638.
    • edit

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    Last edited on 18 June 2024, at 14:34  





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