The original One World Trade Center (also known as the North Tower, Tower 1, Building One, or 1 WTC) was one of the Twin Towers of the original World Trade Center ComplexinNew York City. It was completed in 1972, stood at a height of 1,368 feet (417 m), and was the tallest building in the world until 1973, when surpassed by the Sears Tower (now Willis Tower) in Chicago.
| 1 World Trade Center | |
|---|---|
The World Trade Center's North Tower (WTC1), pictured in summer 2001
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| Alternative names |
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| General information | |
| Status | Destroyed |
| Location | West Street, New York, New York, United States |
| Construction started | August 6, 1968 |
| Topped-out | December 23, 1970 |
| Completed | 1972 |
| Opened | December 15, 1970 |
| Inaugurated | April 4, 1973 |
| Destroyed | September 11, 2001, 10:28 AM Eastern Time Zone[1] |
| Owner | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |
| Management | Silverstein Properties |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 1,728 ft (527 m) |
| Roof | 1,368 ft (417 m) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 110 |
| Floor area | 4,759,040 sq ft (442,129 m2) |
| Lifts/elevators | 99 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) |
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| Structural engineer | Leslie E. Robertson (Worthington, Skilling, Helle, and Jackson) |
| References | |
| [2][3] | |
It was distinguishable from its twin, the original 2 World Trade Center, also known as the South Tower, by the 360-foot (110 m) telecommunications antenna on its roof. Including the antenna, the building stood at a total height of 1,728 feet (527 m). Other things that made the North Tower distinguishable from its twin was a canopy connected to the North Tower's west facade on street level as well as two pedestrian walkways that extended from the west and south promenades of Three and Six World Trade Center to the North Tower's north and south facades on plaza level, all of which the South Tower lacked. The building's address was 1 World Trade Center, and the WTC complex had its own ZIP code (10048) due to its large size.
The original World Trade Center was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Struck by American Airlines Flight 11 at 8:46 a.m., the North Tower was the first of the Twin Towers to be hit by a hijacked aircraft, and the second to collapse, at 10:28 a.m. The North Tower stood for 102 minutes after the aircraft impact. Of the 2,977 victims killed in the attacks, around 1,600 were in the North Tower or on the ground.
The North Tower was succeeded by the present-day One World Trade Center tower, which was opened in November 2014 as the lead building of the redeveloped World Trade Center site.[4][5] At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, the northern pool marks the spot where the North Tower stood.
The tenant list below was compiled from the original list provided by CoStar Group (a provider of electronic commercial real estate information), quoted by CNN,[6] and was sourced from UnBlinking.com.[7] Cantor Fitzgerald's corporate headquarters were located in 1 World Trade Center.[8]
Note: Floor numbers in red were part of American Airlines Flight 11's impact area on September 11, 2001, with floors trapped by its impact numbered in dark gray .
SOURCES: CoStar Group, CNN, and Unblinking.
Floor unknown: Alliance Global Finance, Associated Charter Marine, Carreden Group, CIF Agency, Dimetol International Trade, Eastern Capital Corporation, Falcon International Freight, First Pacific Rim, GAC Shipping, Garwood Financial, Globe Shipping Company, GSI Cargo Service, Hachijuni Bank, Hanil Securities, Lin Brothers International, Pluto Commodities, Port Newark
The 92nd floor, though technically the first floor below Flight 11's impact zone, did not have any survivors.[9] Sixty-nine people reported to work that morning, including 67 employees of Carr Futures, a tenant on the 92nd floor. The impact itself spared every single person on Floor 92 and did no damage to the floor directly. However, the force of the crash collapsed walls and inflicted nonstructural damage such as smashed windows,[10] broken ceiling tiles and severed electrical wires, as well as causing knee-deep flooding throughout various rooms on the 92nd floor after the water pipes burst. Multiple calls were recorded from people trapped on the floor, the workers reporting that although the stairs on the 92nd floor had not been destroyed, they were walled off by fallen debris from Flight 11's impact zone immediately above.[11] In addition to the stairs being rendered impassable, the centralized impact into the North Tower's core also interrupted elevator service in the skyscraper from its 50th floor and higher, severing all escape routes for anyone above the 91st floor.[12]
Initially, conditions on the 92nd floor were likely not dissimilar to what they were on the 91st, from which everyone survived and escaped.[13] The situation changed very quickly when flammable aviation fuel spilled down into the 92nd floor, igniting fires that rapidly began consuming its east side; within 12 minutes of the impact, the first known fatalities from the floor occurred over a three-minute period when eight workers were forced to jump from the northern end of the tower's east side to escape a rapidly advancing wall of flames.[14] Those who remained made their way to an unoccupied area on the west side of the floor that was initially free of smoke and fire. However, images show that the blaze on the tower’s north face eventually spread westward to their safe haven in that section of the floor, making conditions there unsurvivable.[15]
The last phone call from the North Tower came from Thomas McGinnis, a trader on the 92nd floor, when he got through to his wife Iliana at 10:18. McGinnis and a number of others had been confined to a conference room the entire time after the door jammed shut from the building buckling as the plane hit, separating them from everyone else on the floor. Most of the floor was engulfed in flames by the time McGinnis called, with extremely limited space for the group to avoid being burned.[16] Despite his wife's attempts to reassure him, McGinnis did not believe they would survive. The South Tower had already collapsed, and McGinnis revealed to her that he could see people jumping from the floors above. The line went dead at 10:26, two minutes before the tower collapsed.[17]
Between 1978 and 1995, the Consulate of Paraguay was located in Suite 1609 of 1 World Trade Center.[18][19] Home Lines once occupied Suite 3969 from 1974[20] until 1988.[21]
Home Lines, 1 World Trade Center, Suite 3969, New York, NY 10048
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
