André Maurois (French: [mɔʁwa]; born Émile Salomon Wilhelm Herzog; 26 July 1885 – 9 October 1967) was a French author.
André Maurois
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1936 photograph of Maurois
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| Born | Émile Salomon Wilhelm Herzog (1885-07-26)26 July 1885 Elbeuf, France |
| Died | 9 October 1967(1967-10-09) (aged 82) Neuilly-sur-Seine, France |
| Resting place | Neuilly-sur-Seine community cemetery |
| Occupation | Author |
| Language | French |
| Nationality | French |
| Education | Lycée Pierre Corneille |
| Notable works | Les silences du colonel Bramble |
| Relatives | Ernest Herzog and Alice Lévy-Rueff |
Maurois was born on 26 July 1885 in Elbeuf and educated at the Lycée Pierre CorneilleinRouen,[1] both in Normandy. A member of the Javal family, Maurois was the son of Ernest Herzog, a Jewish textile manufacturer, and his wife Alice Lévy-Rueff. His family had fled Alsace after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 and took refuge in Elbeuf, where they owned a woollen mill.[2] As noted by Maurois, the family brought their entire Alsatian workforce with them to the relocated mill, for which Maurois' grandfather was admitted to the Legion of Honour for having "saved a French industry".[3] This family background is reflected in Maurois' Bernard Quesnay: the story of a young World War I veteran with artistic and intellectual inclinations who is drawn, much against his will, to work as a director in his grandfather's textile mills – a character clearly having many autobiographical elements.[4][5]
During World War I he joined the French army and served as an interpreter for Lieutenant Colonel Winston Churchill (according to Martin GilbertinChurchill and the Jews, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 2007) and later a liaison officer with the British army. His first novel, Les silences du colonel Bramble, was a witty and socially realistic account of that experience. It was an immediate success in France. It was translated and became popular in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries as The Silence of Colonel Bramble. Many of his other works have also been translated into English,[a] for they often dealt with British people or topics, such as his biographies of Disraeli, Byron, and Shelley.
In 1938 Maurois was elected to the prestigious Académie française. He was encouraged and assisted in seeking this membership by Marshal Philippe Pétain, and he made a point of acknowledging with thanks his debt to Pétain in his 1941 autobiography, Call no man happy – though by the time of writing their paths had sharply diverged, Pétain having become Head of State of Vichy France.
When World War II began, he was appointed the French Official Observer attached to the British General Headquarters. In this capacity he accompanied the British Army to Belgium. He knew personally the main politicians in the French government, and on 10 June 1940 he was sent on a mission to London. After the Armistice ended that mission, Maurois was demobilised and travelled from England to Canada. He wrote of these experiences in his book Tragedy in France.[6]
Later in World War II he served in the French army and the Free French Forces.
His Maurois pseudonym became his legal name in 1947.
He died in 1967 in Neuilly-sur-Seine after a long career as an author of novels, biographies, histories, children's books and science fiction stories. He is buried in Neuilly-sur-Seine community cemetery near Paris.
Maurois's first wife was Jeanne-Marie Wanda de Szymkiewicz, a young Polish-Russian aristocrat who had studied at Oxford University. She had a nervous breakdown in 1918 and in 1924 she died of sepsis. After his father died, Maurois stopped working in textiles (in the 1926 novel Bernard Quesnay he in effect described an alternative life of himself, in which he would have plunged into the life of a textile industrialist and given up everything else).
Maurois's second wife was Simone de Caillavet, daughter of playwright Gaston Arman de Caillavet and actress Jeanne Pouquet, and granddaughter of Anatole France's mistress Léontine Arman de Caillavet. After the fall of France in 1940, the couple moved to the United States to help with propaganda work against the Nazis.[2]
Jean-Richard Bloch was his brother-in-law.[7]
Short stories by Maurois as collected in The Collected Stories of André Maurois, New York: Washington Square Press, 1967 (translated by Adrienne Foulke):
