In the field of enzymology, a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase also known as betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a zinc metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from trimethylglycine and a hydrogen ion from homocysteine to produce dimethylglycine and methionine respectively:[2]
| betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase | |||||||||
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Crystal structure of rat liver betaine homocysteine s-methyltransferase.[1]
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC no. | 2.1.1.5 | ||||||||
| CAS no. | 9029-78-1 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
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This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. This enzyme participates in the metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine and also methionine.
In humans, there are two isozymes, BHMT[3][4] and BHMT2,[5][6] each encoded by a separate gene.
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BHMT is expressed most predominantly in the liver and kidney.[7]
Mutations in the BHMT gene are known to exist in humans. Anomalies may influence the metabolism of homocysteine , which is implicated in disorders ranging from vascular disease, autism, and schizophrenia to neural tube birth defects such as spina bifida.
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