● Home  

● Random  

● Nearby  



● Log in  



● Settings  



● Donate  



● About Wikipedia  

● Disclaimers  



Wikipedia





Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)





● Article  
● Talk  


● Language  

● Watch  

● Edit  


(Redirected from International Stadium Yokohama)
  

This article is about the stadium in Japan. For the one in the United States, see Nissan Stadium. For the baseball stadium, see Yokohama Stadium.

35°30′36.14″N 139°36′22.50″E / 35.5100389°N 139.6062500°E / 35.5100389; 139.6062500

Nissan Stadium
The stadium in 2020
Map
Full nameNissan Stadium
Former namesInternational Stadium Yokohama (1998–2005)
LocationShin-Yokohama Park 3302-5 Kozukue-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
Public transitJR Central:
Tokaido ShinkansenatShin-Yokohama
JR East:
JH Yokohama LineatKozukue
Yokohama Municipal Subway:
Blue LineatShin-Yokohama
OwnerYokohama City
OperatorYokohama Sports Association,
Yokohama F. Marinos
Capacity72,327[1]
Field size107 m x 72 m[1]
SurfaceGrass[1]
Construction
Opened1 March 1998
Construction cost¥60.3 billion
Tenants
Yokohama F. Marinos (1999–present)
Japan national football team
Inside the stadium

Nissan Stadium (日産スタジアム, Nissan Sutajiamu), a.k.a. the International Stadium Yokohama (横浜国際総合競技場, Yokohama Kokusai Sōgō Kyōgi-jō), is a multi-purpose stadiuminYokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, which opened in March 1998. It is the home stadium of Yokohama F. Marinos of the J1 League.

International Stadium Yokohama had the highest seating capacity of any stadium in Japan for 21 years, with a total of 75,000 seats, up until the New National Stadium in Tokyo was opened in November 2019.[1] It hosted three group stage games during the 2002 FIFA World Cup, and the final game between Germany and Brazil was played there on 30 June 2002. The stadium was one of the football venues for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[2] The stadium was a venue for the 2019 Rugby World Cup and eventually hosted the final of the tournament after the originally selected host, National Stadium was unable to be constructed in time.[3]

On 28 August 2009, Nissan Motors announced that they would not renew the contract for the naming rights of the stadium, which expired on 28 February 2010.[4] But negotiations continued with the city, and a new agreement for three more years was completed. On 28 February 2013, Yokohama City as the stadium's owner renewed the contract for 3 years from 1 March 2013 until 29 February 2016 in a deal worth 150 million yen a year.[5] On 1 December 2015, Yokohama City renewed the contract for 5 years from 1 March 2016 until 28 February 2021 in another deal worth 150 million yen a year.[6] On 26 February 2021, Yokohama City renewed the contract for another 5 years from 1 March 2021 to 28 February 2026 in a deal worth 600 million yen (120 million yen per year).[7]

FIFA Club World Cup

edit

International Stadium Yokohama has been hosting the FIFA Club World Cup since 2003, first as European/South American Intercontinental Cup and later the Club World Cup.

The first edition held in Yokohama was the match between Real Madrid and Olimpia, where Real were crowned champions. In 2005, the old Intercontinental Cup was replaced to the new World Championship involving football teams, the FIFA Club World Cup, with more teams and matches.

One of the venues, including the final, from 2005 to the 2008, from 2011 to the 2012 and from 2015 to the 2016 editions was the International Stadium Yokohama.

Music events

edit

Some Japanese musicians have played at this stadium. "Arena seats" are often set up on the track and ground. In 1999, Japanese best-selling rock band B'z first used the stadium as a music events. Then, B'z used the stadium three times in 2002, 2008 and 2013. Heavy metal band X Japan performed two consecutive nights on 14–15 August 2010. Their former bass player Taiji joined them both nights, the first, and only, time since he left the group in 1992. Attendance for both concerts was estimated at 140,000.[8] The Japanese girl group AKB48 was the first ever female act to hold their concert at the stadium on 8 June 2013[9][10] followed by Momoiro Clover Z on 4 August 2013. They also held their fifth annual Senbatsu (AKB48 32nd Single's Selected Members) Election at the stadium in that evening after concert.[11] South Korean group TVXQ performed at the stadium on 17 and 18 August 2013, as part of their Time: Live Tour 2013. Attendance for both concerts was estimated at 150,000. Tohoshinki announced three shows at Nissan Stadium (Total 5), as a grand finale of the tour Begin Again, thus becoming the only foreign artists to perform at the venue twice, as well TVXQ! The only one in the world to performance three consecutive days at Nissan Stadium on 8, 9 and 10 June 2018, Attendance for three concerts was estimated at 225,000. [12] Nogizaka46 held their group 10th debut anniversary concert on May 14–15, 2022.[13]

Notable football matches

edit

The stadium has hosted several international FIFA matches. Here is a list of the most important international and other matches held at the stadium.

2001 FIFA Confederations Cup
17:00
Japan  1–0  Australia
  • Nakata   43'
 Report

Attendance: 48,699

Referee: Benito Archundia (Mexico)

19:00
Japan  0–1  France
Report

Attendance: 65,533

Referee: Ali Bujsaim (United Arab Emirates)

2002 FIFA World Cup
20:30
Japan  1–0  Russia
 Report

Attendance: 66,108

Referee: Markus Merk (Germany)

20:30
Saudi Arabia  0–3  Republic of Ireland
Report
  • Breen   61'
  • Duff   87'
    		•

    Attendance: 65,320

    Referee: Falla N'Doye (Senegal)

    20:30
    Ecuador  1–0  Croatia
    		 Report

    Attendance: 65,862

    Referee: William Mattus (Costa Rica)

    20:00
    Brazil  2–0  Germany
    		 Report

    Attendance: 69,029

    Referee: Pierluigi Collina (Italy)

    Intercontinental Cup
    19:20
    Real Madrid  2–0  Olimpia
  • Guti   84'
    		•  Report

    Attendance: 66,070

    Referee: Carlos Simon (Brazil)

    19:20
    Boca Juniors  1–1 (a.e.t.)  Milan
    		 Report
    Penalties
  • Battaglia  
  • Donnet  
  • Cascini  
    		•  3–1
  •   Rui Costa
  •   Seedorf
  •   Costacurta
    		•

    Attendance: 66,757

    Referee: Valentin Ivanov (Russia)

    19:20
    Porto  0–0 (a.e.t.)  Once Caldas
    Report
    Penalties
  • Carlos Alberto  
  • Quaresma  
  • Maniche  
  • McCarthy  
  • Costinha  
  • J. Costa  
  • R. Costa  
  • Pedro Emanuel  
    		•  8–7
  •   Alcázar
  •   Viáfara
  •   De Nigris
  •   Fabbro
  •   Velásquez
  •   Díaz
  •   Cataño
  •   García
    		•

    Attendance: 45,748

    Referee: Jorge Larrionda (Uruguay)

    2005 FIFA Club World Championship
    19:20
    Saprissa  0–3  Liverpool
    Report
  • Gerrard   32'
    		•

    Attendance: 43,902

    Referee: Carlos Chandia (Chile)

    16:20
    Al Ittihad  2–3  Saprissa
  • Job   53' (pen.)
    		•  Report
  • Gómez   89'
    		•

    Attendance: 46,453

    Referee: Mohamed Guezzaz (Morocco)

    19:20
    São Paulo  1–0  Liverpool
    		 Report

    Attendance: 66,821

    Referee: Benito Archundia (Mexico)

    2006 FIFA Club World Cup
    19:20
    América  0–4  Barcelona
    Report
  • Márquez   30'
  • Ronaldinho   65'
  • Deco   85'
    		•

    Attendance: 62,316

    Referee: Oscar Julian Ruiz (Colombia)

    16:20
    Al Ahly  2–1  América
    		 Report

    Attendance: 51,641

    Referee: Jerome Damon (South Africa)

    19:20
    Internacional  1–0  Barcelona
    		 Report

    Attendance: 67,128

    Referee: Carlos Batres (Guatemala)

    2007 FIFA Club World Cup
    19:30
    Urawa Red Diamonds  0–1  Milan
    Report

    Attendance: 67,005

    Referee: Jorge Larrionda (Uruguay)

    16:00
    Étoile du Sahel  2–2  Urawa Red Diamonds
  • Chermiti   75'
    		•  Report

    Attendance: 53,363

    Referee: Peter O'Leary (New Zealand)

    19:30
    Boca Juniors  2–4  Milan
  • Ambrosini   85' (o.g.)
    		•  Report
  • Nesta   50'
  • Kaká   61'
    		•

    Attendance: 68,263

    Referee: Marco Rodríguez (Mexico)

    2008 FIFA Club World Cup
    19:30
    Gamba Osaka  3–5  Manchester United
  • Endō   85' (pen.)
  • Hashimoto   90+1'
    		•  Report
  • Ronaldo   45+1'
  • Rooney   75', 79'
  • Fletcher   78'
    		•

    Attendance: 67,618

    Referee: Benito Archundia (Mexico)

    16:30
    Al Ahly  0–1  Adelaide United
    Report

    Attendance: 35,154

    Referee: Peter O'Leary (New Zealand)

    16:30
    Pachuca  0–1  Gamba Osaka
    Report

    Attendance: 62,619

    Referee: Pablo Pozo (Chile)

    19:30
    LDU Quito  0–1  Manchester United
    Report

    Attendance: 68,682

    Referee: Ravshan Irmatov (Uzbekistan)

    2011 FIFA Club World Cup
    19:30
    Al-Sadd  0–4  Barcelona
    Report
  • Keita   64'
  • Maxwell   81'
    		•

    Attendance: 66,298

    Referee: Joel Aguilar (El Salvador)

    16:30
    Kashiwa Reysol  0–0  Al-Sadd
    Report
    Penalties
  • Sawa  
  • Hayashi  
  • Otani  
    		•  3–5
  •   Keïta
  •   Majid
  •   Al Haidos
  •   Belhadj
    		•

    Attendance: 60,527

    Referee: Noumandiez Doué (Ivory Coast)

    19:30
    Santos  0–4  Barcelona
    Report
  • Xavi   24'
  • Fàbregas   45'
    		•

    Attendance: 68,166

    Referee: Ravshan Irmatov (Uzbekistan)

    2012 FIFA Club World Cup
    19:45
    Sanfrecce Hiroshima  1–0  Auckland City
    		 Report

    Attendance: 25,174

    Referee: Djamel Haimoudi (Algeria)

    A minute's silence was held before the match to commemorate Dutch linesman Richard Nieuwenhuizen, who had died following a violent incident at a youth competition four days before the match.[14]

    19:30
    Monterrey  1–3  Chelsea
    		 Report
  • Torres   46'
  • Chávez   48' (o.g.)
    		•

    Attendance: 36,648

    Referee: Carlos Vera (Ecuador)

    16:30
    Al Ahly  0–2  Monterrey
    Report
  • Delgado   66'
    		•

    Attendance: 56,301

    Referee: Peter O'Leary (New Zealand)

    19:30
    Corinthians  1–0  Chelsea
    		 Report

    Attendance: 68,275

    Referee: Cüneyt Çakır (Turkey)

    2015 FIFA Club World Cup
    19:45
    Sanfrecce Hiroshima  2–0  Auckland City
  • Shiotani   70'
    		•  Report

    Attendance: 19,421

    Referee: Sidi Alioum (Cameroon)

    19:30
    Barcelona  3–0  Guangzhou Evergrande
    		 Report

    Attendance: 63,870

    Referee: Joel Aguilar (El Salvador)

    16:00
    Sanfrecce Hiroshima  2–1  Guangzhou Evergrande
    		 Report

    Attendance: 47,968

    Referee: Matt Conger (New Zealand)

    19:30
    River Plate  0–3  Barcelona
    Report
  • Suárez   49', 68'
    		•

    Attendance: 66,853

    Referee: Alireza Faghani (Iran)

    2016 FIFA Club World Cup
    19:30
    Kashima Antlers  2–1  Auckland City
  • Kanazaki   88'
    		•  Report

    Attendance: 17,667[15]

    Referee: Janny Sikazwe (Zambia)

    19:30
    América  0–2  Real Madrid
    Report
  • Ronaldo   90+3'
    		•

    Attendance: 50,117[16]

    Referee: Enrique Cáceres (Paraguay)

    16:00
    América  2–2  Atlético Nacional
  • Peralta   66' (pen.)
    		•  Report
  • Guerra   26'
    		•
    Penalties
  • Samudio  
  • Quintero  
  • Peralta  
  • Arroyo  
    		•  3–4
  •   Nieto
  •   Bocanegra
  •   Torres
  •   Borja
    		•

    Attendance: 44,625[17]

    Referee: Nawaf Shukralla (Bahrain)

    19:30
    Real Madrid  4–2 (a.e.t.)  Kashima Antlers
  • Ronaldo   60' (pen.), 98', 104'
    		•  Report

    Attendance: 68,742[18]

    Referee: Janny Sikazwe (Zambia)

    Kirin Cup/Kirin Challenge Cup
    Japan  0–0  Czech Republic

    Attendance: 66,930

    Referee: Russamee Jindamai (Thailand)

    Japan  0–0  Peru

    Attendance: 67,354

    Referee: Panya Hanlumyaung (Thailand)

    Japan  2–0  Bolivia

    Attendance: 65,073

    Referee: Sun Baojie (China)

    Japan  1–0  Serbia and Montenegro

    Attendance: 57,616

    Referee: Eddie Lennie (Australia)

    Ivory Coast  1–1  Paraguay

    Attendance: 5,197

    Referee: Kazuhiko Matsumura (Japan)

    19:20 JST
    Japan  0–0  Czech Republic
    Report

    Attendance: 65,856

    Referee: Martin Atkinson (England)

    19:20 JST
    Japan  3–3  Haiti
  • Sugimoto   17'
  • Kagawa   90+2'
    		•  Report
  • Nazon   53', 78'
    		•

    Attendance: 47,420

    Referee: Peter Green (Australia)

    19:20 JST
    Japan  0–1  Colombia
    Report

    Attendance: 63,302

    Referee: Peter Green (Australia)

    2019 J.League World Challenge
    19:00 JST
    Kawasaki Frontale  1–0  Chelsea
    		 Report

    Attendance: 62,012

    Referee: Yuichi Nishimura (Japan)

    2019 EuroJapan Cup
    19:30 JST
    Yokohama F. Marinos  1–3  Manchester City
    		 Report
  • Sterling   40'
  • Nmecha   90+2'
    		•

    Attendance: 65,052

    Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics

    edit
    Men's tournament
    Date Time (JST) Team #1 Res. Team #2 Round Attendance
    22 July 2021 17:30   Ivory Coast 2–1   Saudi Arabia Group D 0[19]
    20:30   Brazil 4–2   Germany 0[19]
    25 July 2021 17:30 0–0   Ivory Coast 0[19]
    20:30   Saudi Arabia 2–3   Germany 0[19]
    28 July 2021 17:30   South Korea 6–0   Honduras Group B 0[19]
    20:30   France 0–4   Japan Group A 0[19]
    31 July 2021 20:00   South Korea 3–6   Mexico Quarter-final 0[19]
    7 August 2021 20:30   Brazil 2–1
    (a.e.t.)    		   Spain Final 0[19]
    Women's tournament
    Date Time (JST) Team #1 Res. Team #2 Round Attendance
    27 July 2021 20:30   Netherlands 8–2   China Group F 0[19]
    30 July 2021 20:00   Netherlands 2–2
    (a.e.t.)
    (2–4 pen.)    		   United States Quarter-final 0[19]
    2 August 2021 20:00   Australia 0–1   Sweden Semi-final 0[19]
    6 August 2021 21:00   Sweden 1–1
    (a.e.t.)
    (2–3 pen.)    		   Canada Final 0[19]

    International rugby matches

    edit
    4 November 2017
    14:40 JST (UTC+9)
    Japan  30–63  Australia
    Try: Van der Walt 44' c
    Mafi 68' c
    Himeno 80' c
    Con: Matsuda (1/1) 44'
    Tamura (2/2) 69', 80'
    Pen: Matsuda (3/4) 17', 48', 53'    		Report[20]Try: Kerevi (2) 5' c, 50' c
    Speight 11' c
    Polota-Nau 24' c
    Kuridrani (3) 32' c, 39' c, 56' c
    Phipps 61' c
    Simmons 64' c
    Con: Hodge (9/9) 6, 11, 24, 34, 40, 52, 57, 62, 65'
    International Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama[21]
    Attendance: 43,621
    Referee: Nick Briant (New Zealand)

    Notes:

    27 October 2018
    15:00 JST (UTC+9)
    New Zealand  37–20  Australia
    Try: Squire 11' c
    Read 35' c
    B. Barrett 58' c
    B. Smith 69' m
    Ioane 77' m
    Con: B. Barrett (3/4) 12', 36', 59'
    Mo'unga (0/1)
    Pen: B. Barrett (2/2) 24', 52'    		Try: Naivalu 38' c
    Folau 75' c
    Con: Foley (2/2) 40', 75'
    Pen: Beale (1/1) 20'
    Foley (1/1) 47'
    Nissan Stadium, Yokohama,[22] Japan
    Attendance: 46,143
    Referee: Romain Poite (France)

    Notes:

    2019 Rugby World Cup

    edit
    Date Time (JST) Team #1 Res. Team #2 Round Attendance
    21 September 2019 18:45   New Zealand 23–13   South Africa Pool B 63,649
    22 September 2019 16:45   Ireland 27–3   Scotland Pool A 63,731
    12 October 2019 17:15   England 0–0   France Pool C Match cancelled due to Typhoon Hagibis
    13 October 2019 19:45   Japan 28–21   Scotland Pool A 67,666
    26 October 2019 17:00   England 19–7   New Zealand 2019 Rugby World Cup Semifinal 1 68,843
    27 October 2019 18:00   Wales 16–19   South Africa 2019 Rugby World Cup Semifinal 2 67,750
    2 November 2019 18:00   England 12–32   South Africa 2019 Rugby World Cup Final 70,103

    See also

    edit

    References

    edit
    1. ^ a b c d "nissan-stadium.jp – Overview of the facility". Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  • ^ "Venue Plan". Tokyo 2020 Bid Committee. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  • ^ "Yokohama Stadium to host 2019 Rugby World Cup Final". The Guardian. 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  • ^ 「日産スタジアム」の命名権、更新見送り Archived 2 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine Nikkei Net, 29 August 2009 (Japanese)
  • ^ Yokohama City official announcement Archived 26 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)
  • ^ Yokohama City official announcement Archived 4 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese)
  • ^ "「日産スタジアム」継続へ 横浜市と5年、6億円で契約更新". Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  • ^ "X JAPAN Featured On FUSE TV And FOX NEWS". roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  • ^ "AKB48 Announces A Concert in Nissan Stadium!". Nihonbeat. 27 January 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
  • ^ "AKB48グループ史上最大のフェスティバルに7万人熱狂". 音楽ナタリー (in Japanese). 9 June 2013. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  • ^ "AKB48 5th Senbatsu Election and Nissan Stadium Concert Details". MELOSnoMichi. 29 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
  • ^ [단독] 동방신기, 日 최대 공연장 닛산 스타디움에서2회 추가 공연 (in Korean). news.nate.com. 27 April 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  • ^ 「10th YEAR BIRTHDAY LIVE」 2022年5月14.15日 日産スタジアムにて開催決定！ (in Japanese). www.nogizaka46.com. 20 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  • ^ Blatter shocked at Dutch linesman death Archived 6 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (6 December 2012)
  • ^ "Match report Kashima Antlers – Auckland City 2:1 (0:0)" (PDF). FIFA. 8 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  • ^ "Match report Club América – Real Madrid, C.F. 0:2 (0:1)" (PDF). FIFA. 15 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  • ^ "Match report Club América – Atlético Nacional 2:2 (1:2) 3:4 PSO" (PDF). FIFA. 18 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  • ^ "Match report Real Madrid, C.F. – Kashima Antlers 4:2 AET (2:2, 1:1)" (PDF). FIFA. 18 December 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Attendance Summary" (PDF). Olympics.com. 24 July 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  • ^ "Wallabies cruise to victory in Japan". Rugby.com.au. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  • ^ "JRFU confirm Wallabies Test venue". Rugby.com.au. 14 March 2017. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  • ^ "Third 2018 Bledisloe Cup match confirmed for Japan". 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
    • edit
     
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
    International Stadium Yokohama (category)
    Events and tenants
    Preceded by

    Estadio Azteca
    Mexico City

    		 FIFA Confederations Cup
    Final venue
    2001     		Succeeded by

    Stade de France
    Saint-Denis

    Preceded by

    Stade de France
    Saint-Denis

    		 FIFA World Cup
    Final venue
    2002     		Succeeded by

    Olympiastadion
    Berlin

    Preceded by

    National Stadium
    Tokyo

    		 Intercontinental Cup
    Venue
    2002–2004     		Succeeded by

    last stadium

    Preceded by

    Estádio do Maracanã
    Rio de Janeiro

    		 FIFA Club World Cup
    Final venue
    2005–2008     		Succeeded by

    Sheikh Zayed Stadium
    Abu Dhabi

    Preceded by

    Sheikh Zayed Stadium
    Abu Dhabi

    		 FIFA Club World Cup
    Final venue
    2011–2012     		Succeeded by

    Stade de Marrakech
    Marrakesh

    Preceded by

    Stade de Marrakech
    Marrakesh

    		 FIFA Club World Cup
    Final venue
    2015–2016     		Succeeded by

    Sheikh Zayed Stadium
    Abu Dhabi

    Preceded by

    Twickenham Stadium
    London

    		 Rugby World Cup
    Final venue
    2019     		Succeeded by

    Stade de France
    Saint-Denis

    Preceded by

    Estádio do Maracanã
    Rio de Janeiro

    		 Summer Olympics
    Men's football gold medal match
    2020     		Succeeded by

    Parc des Princes
    Paris

    Preceded by

    Estádio do Maracanã
    Rio de Janeiro

    		 Summer Olympics
    Women's football gold medal match venue
    2020     		Succeeded by

    Parc des Princes
    Paris


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Stadium_(Yokohama)&oldid=1233432988"
      



    Last edited on 9 July 2024, at 01:31  





    Languages

     


    ●العربية
     ●تۆرکجه
     ●Basa Bali
     ●বাংলা
     ●Català
     ●Čeština
     ●Dansk
     ●Deutsch
     ●Español
     ●Euskara
     ●فارسی
     ●Français
     ●Galego
     ●한국어
     ●Հայերեն
     ●Bahasa Indonesia
     ●Italiano
     ●עברית
     ●Қазақша
     ●Lietuvių
     ●Magyar
     ●मराठी
     ●مصرى
     ●Nederlands
     ●日本語
     ●Norsk bokmål
     ●Polski
     ●Português
     ●Română
     ●Русский
     ●Simple English
     ●Српски / srpski
     ●Suomi
     ●Svenska
     ●ไทย
     ●Türkçe
     ●Українська
     ●اردو
     ●Tiếng Việt
     ●中文
      

     Wikipedia


    ●This page was last edited on 9 July 2024, at 01:31 (UTC).
    ●Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted.


    ●Privacy policy
    ●About Wikipedia
    ●Disclaimers
    ●Contact Wikipedia
    ●Code of Conduct
    ●Developers
    ●Statistics
    ●Cookie statement
    ●Terms of Use
    ●Desktop