Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg (1884–1966) was an Ashkenazi Orthodox rabbi, posek ("decisor" of Jewish law) and rosh yeshiva. He is best known as the author of the work of responsa Seridei Eish.
Weinberg was considered a genius in his time - with mastery over both Torah and secular subjects. An insightful and introspective individual, his varying interests in Talmud, musar, Hebrew literature, Russian language, and general academia make him one of the best representatives of the tumultuous intellectual trends present in his period.
Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg was born in Poland.[1] He studied at the yeshivasofMir and Slabodka. In the latter, "he combined within himself Lithuanian profound understanding of Halacha with the Slabodka musar expounded by the illustrious Alter, Rabbi Nosson Tzvi Finkel."[2]
In 1906 he married 16-year-old Esther Levine, daughter of the deceased Rabbi Yaakov Meir of Pilvishki. They would later divorce and Weinberg would remain single. He also became rabbi of this city, both the spiritual rabbi and crown rabbi, and served for seven years. At the outbreak of World War I, he went to Germany. There he studied at the University of Giessen. His doctoral research on Targum was supervised by Paul E. Kahle. [3] Although Polish-born and Lithuanian-trained, Weinberg "developed an extremely beautiful German prose style which was matched only by his mastery of modern Hebrew."[1] He taught at and eventually became rector (rosh yeshiva) of the Hildesheimer Rabbinical SeminaryinBerlin. His students included Rabbis Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Eliezer Berkovits, Giuseppe (Yoseph) Laras and Josef Hirsch Dunner.
Asrosh yeshiva, Weinberg emerged as a leading advocate of Neo-Orthodoxy, the German approach to Orthodox Judaism, based on the Torah im Derech Eretz of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch. Although Torah im Derech Eretz was "an ideology that he had openly opposed in his youth,"[4] Weinberg "championed" this approach during his tenure at the Hildesheimer seminary,[5] and he "played and was to play a seminal part in the reconciliation of Torah orthodoxy with modernity."[6] His "melding of sources, methods, and worlds was unparalleled in modern halachic literature. It required breadth and depth of knowledge that were, and remain, rare."[4]
Weinberg was offered the position of head of the prestigious London Beth Din by Chief Rabbi Joseph Hertz in 1934. But following pressure from his students in Berlin, Weinberg turned the offer down, after which it was offered to Dayan Yehezkel Abramsky who held the position for almost twenty years.[7]
In 1939, he fled Nazi Germany, and became trapped in the Warsaw Ghetto, where he was a prominent leader. Because of his Russian citizenship, the Germans imprisoned him together with Russian prisoners of war, enabling him to avoid the concentration camps and to survive the war. After the war, a loyal student, R. Shaul Weingort, brought him to Montreux, Switzerland, where he lived until his passing in 1966. Despite many offers of prominent rabbinic positions across the globe, Weinberg chose not to leave Switzerland, where he penned many influential and important responsa.[8]