Jumhuriya

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Jumhūriyyah (Arabic: جمهورية; Arabic pronunciation: [/d͡ʒum.huː.rij.ja/]) is the word for "republic" in the Arabic language. Loanwords representing variations of the term also exist in other language families, especially Turkic.

States known officially as Jumhūriyyah:

• current
  • Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) (1923)
  • Republic of Lebanon (Arabic: الجمهورية اللبنانية, Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnānīyah) (1943)
  • Tunisian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية, Al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah) (1956)
  • Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاكستان, Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān) (1956)
  • Republic of Sudan (Arabic: جمهورية السودان, Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān) (1956)
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) (1960)
  • Republic of Chad (Arabic: جمهورية تشاد, Jumhūrīyat Tshād) (1960)
  • Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Arabic: الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Islāmīyah al-Mūrītānīyah) (1960)
  • Arab Republic of Egypt (Arabic: جمهورية مصر العربية, Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah) (1961)
  • Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) (1961)
  • People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (Arabic: الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Jazairāh ad-Dimuqrāṭiyya aš-Šaʾbiyya) (1962)
  • Republic of Uganda (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Uganda) (1962)
  • Republic of Kenya (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya) (1964)
  • United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) (1964)
  • Republic of Maldives (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyya) (1965)
  • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah aṣ-Ṣaḥrāwīyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah) (1976, partially recognized)
  • Republic of Djibouti (Arabic: جمهورية جيبوتي, Jumhūrīyat Jībūtī) (1977)
  • Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān) (1979)
  • Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti) (1983, partially recognized)
  • Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah) (1990)
  • Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Jamhuriyadda Somaliland; Arabic: جمهورية أرض الصومال, Jumhūrīyat Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl) (1991, unrecognized)
  • Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhuriyi Tojikiston) (1991)
  • Republic of Iraq (Arabic: جمهورية العـراق, Jumhūrīyat al-‘Irāq) (2004)
  • Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية, Jumhūrīyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fidirālīyah) (2012)
• current sub-national units
  • Republic of Dagestan (Avar: Дагъистаналъул Жумгьурият, Daɣistanaļul Žumhurijat; Kumyk: Дагъыстан Джумгьурият, Dağıstan Cumhuriyat) (1991)
  • Republic of Tatarstan (Tatar: Татарстан Җөмһүрияте, Tatarstan Cömhüriäte) (1991)
  • Republic of Bashkortostan (Bashkir: Башҡортостан Йөмһүриәте, Başqortostan Yömhüriäte) (1991)
  • Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: Къырым Мухтар Джумхуриети, Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti) (1991, partially recognized)
  • Republic of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: Къырым Джумхуриети, Qırım Cumhuriyeti) (2014, partially recognized)
• historical
  • Tripolitanian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية الطرابلسية, Al-Jumhūriyyah aṭ-Ṭrabulsiyyah) (1918-1922)
  • Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (Persian: جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی ایران, Jomhuri-e Sosialisti-e Iran) (1920-1921)
  • Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری ایران, Jomhuri-e Iran) (1923-1925)
  • Syrian Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية السورية, Al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūrīyah) (1930-1958)
  • United Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى, Sherqiy Türkistan Islam Jumhuriyiti) (1933-1934)
  • East Turkestan Republic (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان جۇمھۇرىيىتى, Sherqiy Türkistan Jumhuriyiti) (1944-1946)
  • Republic of Egypt (Arabic: جمهورية مصر, Jumhūrīyat Miṣr) (1953-1958)
  • Iraqi Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العراقية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Irāqīyah) (1958-1968)
  • United Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, Al-Jumhūriyyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) (1958-1961)
  • Yemen Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية اليمنية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah) (1962-1990)
  • People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (Arabic: جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية, Jumhūrīyat al-Yaman ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah) (1967-1990)
  • Iraqi Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العراقية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Irāqīyah) (1968-2003)
  • Libyan Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الليبية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Lībiyyah) (1969-1977)
  • Federation of Arab Republics (Arabic: اتحاد الجمهوريات العربية, Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīyāt al-‘Arabīyah) (1972–1977)
  • Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Jumhūriyat; Dari: جمهوری افغانستان, Jomhūrī-ye Afġānestān) (1973-1978)
  • Arab Islamic Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الإسلامية, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah) (1974 proposal)
  • Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى, Al-Jamāhīrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Lībīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah al-Ishtirākīyah al-‘Uẓmá) (1977-2011)
  • Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto: دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Dimukratī Jumhūriyat; Dari: جمهوری دمکراتی افغانستان, Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī-ye Afghānistān) (1978-1992)
  • Free Lebanon State (Arabic: جمهورية لبنان الحرة, Jumhūrīyat Lubnān al-Ḥurrah) (1979-1984)
  • Republic of Kuwait (Arabic: جمهورية الكويت, Jumūrīyat al-Kuwait) (1990)
  • Democratic Republic of Yemen (Arabic: جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية, Jumhūrīyat al-Yaman ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah) (1994)
  • Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat; Dari: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان, Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānestān) (2004-2021)

Languages