Lichtenburg was a Nazi concentration camp, housed in a Renaissance castle in Prettin, near Wittenberg in the Province of Saxony. Along with Sachsenburg, it was among the first to be built by the Nazis, and was operated by the SS from 1933 to 1939.[1] It held as many as 2000 male prisoners from 1933 to 1937 and from 1937 to 1939 held female prisoners.[2] It was closed in May 1939, when the Ravensbrück concentration camp for women was opened, which replaced Lichtenburg as the main camp for female prisoners.[3]
| Lichtenburg | |
|---|---|
| Concentration camp | |
Lichtenburg Castle
| |
  Location of Lichtenburg within Germany | |
| Coordinates | 51°39′45″N 12°55′55″E / 51.66250°N 12.93194°E / 51.66250; 12.93194 |
| Known for | One of the first Nazi concentration camps |
| Location | Prettin, Saxony |
| Operated by | Nazi Germany |
| Commandant |
|
| Operational | 13 June 1933–May 1939 |
| Inmates | Before 1937, male political prisoners; after 1937, female political prisoners |
| Number of inmates | More than 2,000 |
| Notable inmates | Lina Haag |
Details about the operation of Lichtenburg, held by the International Tracing Service, only became available to researchers in late 2006.[1] An account of the way the camp was run may be read in Lina Haag's book A Handful of DustorHow Long the Night. Haag was perhaps the best known survivor of Lichtenburg, having obtained release before it was shut down.
Lichtenburg was among the first concentration campsinNazi Germany operating from 13 June 1933; it became a kind of model for numerous subsequent establishments. Soon overcrowded, the detention conditions became increasingly aggravated. Most of the inmates were political prisoners, and so-called habitual offenders (Gewohnheitsverbrecher). From 1937 on it became a camp only for women.[4] In 1939 the SS transferred 900 Lichtenburg prisoners to Ravensbrück, which were its first female prisoners.[5]
The castle today houses a regional museum and exhibit about Lichtenburg's use during the Nazi period.[2]
51°39′45″N 12°55′55″E / 51.66250°N 12.93194°E / 51.66250; 12.93194