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( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m L i s t o f C e l t i c g o d s )
The Celtic deities are known from a variety of sources such as written Celtic mythology , ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, as well as place and personal names.
Celtic deities can belong to two categories: general and local. General deities were known by the Celts throughout large regions, and are the gods and goddesses called upon for protection, healing, luck, and honour. The local deities from Celtic nature worship were the spirits of a particular feature of the landscape, such as mountains, trees, or rivers, and thus were generally only known by the locals in the surrounding areas.
After Celtic lands became Christianised , there were attempts by Christian writers to euhemerize or even demonize most of the pre-Christian deities, while a few others became Saints in the church. The Tuatha Dé Danann of Irish mythology , who were commonly interpreted as divinities or deified ancestors, were downgraded in Christian writings to, at best "fallen angels", or mere mortals, or even portrayed as demons.
Ancient Gaulish and Brittonic deities
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The Gauls inhabited the region corresponding to modern-day France, Belgium, Switzerland, southern and western Germany, Luxembourg and northern Italy. They spoke Gaulish . The Celtic Britons inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and spoke Common Brittonic or British.
Female
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Adsagsona - Gallic goddess of magic named on the Larzac tablet [2 ]
Adsullata - goddess of the River Sava
Agronā - hypothetical Brittonic goddess of the River Ayr
Alantedoba - a goddess in Val Camonica [3 ]
Ancamna - Gallic goddess in the Moselle Valley
Ancasta - Brittonic goddess of Clausentum
Andarta - Gallic goddess
Andrasta - Brittonic goddess of victory
Annea Clivana - Gallic goddess of the Cenomani
Apadeva - a water goddess[4 ]
Arduinna - Gallic goddess of the Ardennes Forest
Arnemetia - Brittonic goddess of nemetons
Artio - Gallic goddess of the bear
Axona - Gallic goddess of the river Aisne [5 ]
Belisama - Gallic and Brittonic goddess
Bergusia - Gallic goddess of Alesia , companion of Ucuetis
Bormana - Gallic goddess of mineral springs, companion of Bormanos
Bricta (Brixta) - Gallic goddess of Luxeuil mineral springs, companion of Luxovios
Brigantia - Brittonic goddess of the Brigantes
Carpundia - a river goddess[1 ]
Carvonia - a goddess in Noricum [6 ]
Cathubodua - Gallic war goddess
Caticatona - a Gallic water goddess in Rauranum [7 ]
Cissonia - a Gallic goddess of trade, companion of Cissonius [4 ]
Clota - hypothetical Brittonic goddess of the River Clyde [1 ]
Coventina - Brittonic goddess of wells and springs
Damona - Gallic goddess of mineral springs, consort of Apollo Borvo and of Apollo Moritasgus
Dea Latis - Brittonic goddess of bogs and pools,[8 ] companion of Deus Latis
Dea Matrona - "divine mother goddess" and goddess of the River Marne in Gaul
Divona [9 ] - Gallic goddess of sacred springs and rivers
Epona - fertility goddess, protector of horses
Erecura - goddess of death and fertility
Icauna - Gallic goddess of the river Yonne
Icovellauna - Gallic goddess in the Moselle Valley
Imona - a Gallic well goddess in Rauranum [10 ]
Inciona - a Gallic goddess of the Treveri
Lerina - Gallic patron goddess of Lérins Islands , companion of Lero
Litavis - a Gallic earth goddess
Maiabus - a Gallic goddess in Metz [11 ]
Matronae Dervonnae - Gallic mother goddesses in Cisalpine Gaul [12 ] [13 ]
Matronae Vediantiae (Deae Vediantiae) - Gallic mother goddesses in Alpes Maritimae [14 ]
Maximia - fountain goddess in Amélie-les-Bains [15 ]
Nemetona - a Celtic goddess with roots in northeastern Gaul.
Nehalennia - a sea goddess in Zealand
Nantosuelta - Gallic goddess, companion of Sucellos
Ricagambeda - Brittonic goddess
Ritona (Pritona) - Gallic goddess of the Treveri
Rosmerta - Gallic goddess of fertility and abundance
Sabrina - Brittonic goddess of the River Severn
Seixomniai Leuciticai - a Celtic goddess, equated with Diana [16 ]
Senuna - a Brittonic goddess
Sequana - Gallic goddess of the River Seine
Sirona - Gallic goddess of healing
Suleviae - a triune mother goddess
Sulis - Brittonic goddess of the healing spring at Aquae Sulis (Bath )
Tamesis - Brittonic goddess of the River Thames
Veica Noriceia - a goddess attested in Noricum [16 ]
Verbeia - Brittonic goddess of the River Wharfe
Vesunna - Gallic goddess of the Petrocorii [1 ]
Vibēs - a goddess in Noricum [17 ]
Male
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Alaunus (Alaunos) - a Gallic god of healing and prophecy
Alisanos - a Gallic god
Alus - an agricultural god of Cisalpine Gaul [3 ]
Ambisagrus - a god in Aquileia
Arubianus - a god in Noricum [17 ]
Atepomarus - a Gallic horse god
Bedaius - a lake god in Noricum [17 ]
Belatucadros (Bitucadros) - a Brittonic god
Belenus (Belenos) - a god of healing
Bergimus - a mountain god of Cisalpine Gaul[16 ]
Borvo (Bormanos) - god of healing springs
Brasennus - a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul[3 ]
Caletos[18 ]
Caturix - war god of the Helvetii
Cernunnos (Carnonos) - an antlered god
Cissonius - a Gallic god of trade[4 ]
Mars Cnabetius - a Gallic god of war[19 ]
Condatis - a Gallic and Brittonic god of the confluences of rivers
Cunomaglus - a Brittonic hunter god[20 ]
Cuslanus - a god in Cisalpine Gaul associated with Jupiter [3 ]
Deus Latis - a Brittonic god
Deus Ducavavius - a god known from a lone inscription in Cisalpine Gaul[16 ]
Deus Orevaius - a god known from a lone inscription at Cemenelum [16 ]
Dorminus - god of the hot springs at Aquae Statiellae [16 ]
Intarabus - a Gallic god of the Treveri
Esus - a Gallic god
Glanis - Gallic god of Glanum
Gobannus (Gobannos) - a Gallic and Brittonic smith god
Grannus - a healing god[20 ]
Ialonus Contrebis - a Brittonic and Gallic god
Latobius - a god in Noricum [21 ]
Lero - Gallic patron god of Lérins Islands [8 ]
Loucetios - a Gallic god of thunder
Maponos - a Brittonic and Gallic god of youth
Matunos - a Brittonic and Gallic bear god
Moccus - a Gallic god of boars and pigs
Moritasgus - Gallic healing god of Alesia
Mullo - a Gallic god in Armorica
Nemausus - Gallic god of Nîmes
Niskus - a Brittonic river god
Nodens (Nodons) - a Brittonic god of healing, dogs and hunting
Ogmios - a Gallic god of eloquence
Paronnus - a god known from a lone inscription at Brixia [16 ]
Rudiobus - a Gallic god in Loiret
Smertrios - a Gallic god
Souolibrogenos - a Galatian god[22 ]
Sucellus (Sucellos) - a Gallic and Brittonic god of agriculture and wine
Tavianos - a Galatian god[23 ]
Taranis (Tanaros) - a god of thunder
Toutatis - a tribal protector god
Telesphorus - a Galatian god
Tridamos - a Brittonic god
Ucuetis - Gallic blacksmith god of Alesia
Vellaunus - a Brittonic and Gallic god
Vernostonos - a Brittonic god
Vindonnus - an epithet for Belenus
Vinotonus - a Brittonic god of Lavatrae
Viridios - a Brittonic god of Ancaster
Virotutis - a Gallic epithet of Apollo
Visucius - a Gallo-Roman god of trade
Vosegus - Gallic god of the Vosges Mountains
Viscosus - Gaellic king of the gods
Iberian Celtic deities
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Gaelic deities and characters
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The Gaels inhabited Ireland and parts of western Scotland. They spoke Goidelic languages .
Female
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Aimend
Aífe
Áine - goddess of summer, wealth and sovereignty
Airmed - goddess of healing and herbalism[43 ]
Anu - probable goddess of the earth and fertility,[44 ] called "mother of the Irish gods" in Cormac's Glossary [45 ]
Bec
Bébinn (Béfind)
Bé Chuille
Bodhmall
Boann - goddess of the River Boyne , called Bouvinda by Ptolemy [46 ]
Brigid (Brigit) - called a "goddess of poets" in Cormac's Glossary ,[45 ] with her sisters Brigid the healer and Brigid the smith[47 ]
Caillech (Beira , Biróg ) - an ancestral creator and weather goddess
Canola
Carman
Cethlenn - wife of Balor of the Fomorians
Clídna [1 ]
Clothru
Danand (Danu )
Deirdre - the foremost tragic heroine in Irish legend
Duibne - attested as Dovinia in Archaic Irish and preserved in the name of the Corcu Duibne [46 ]
Ériu , Banba & Fódla - tutelary triumvirate of goddesses, sisters, eponymous for Ireland (mainly Ériu)
Ernmas
Étaín - the heroine of Tochmarc Étaíne
Ethniu (Ethliu) - the daughter of the Fomorian leader Balor and the mother of Lugh
Fand
Finnabair [20 ]
Flidais
Fuamnach
Gráinne
Grian
Lí Ban
Loígde - attested as Logiddea in Archaic Irish and preserved in the name of the Corcu Loígde [46 ]
Macha
Medb (Medb Lethderg )
Mongfind
The Morrígan , Badb , Nemain - also known as "The Thee Morrígna"
Mór Muman (Mugain )
Niamh
Sadhbh
Tailtiu
Tlachtga
Male
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Abhean
Aed
Aengus (Óengus, Macán)
Ailill
Aillen
Aí
Balor
Bith
Bodb Dearg
Bres
Builg - a god of the Fir Bholg[48 ]
Cermait
Cian
Cichol
Conand
Crom Cruach
The Dagda (Dáire )
Dian Cecht - called a "god of health" in Cormac's Glossary [49 ]
Donn [50 ]
Ecne
Elatha
Goibniu , Credne & Luchta - called the "three gods of craft"[45 ]
Labraid
Lén
Lir
Lugh - also attested as Lugus in Archaic Irish [51 ]
Mac Cuill , Mac Cecht , Mac Gréine
Manannán mac Lir
Miach
Midir
Mug Ruith
Néit - called a "god of war" in Cormac's Glossary [45 ]
Nuada (Nechtan , Elcmar )[52 ]
Ogma
Tethra
Tuirenn (Delbáeth )
Brythonic deities and characters
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References
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^ a b c d Murley 90.
^ a b c Adkins and Adkins, 283.
^ Anwyl 38.
^ de Bernardo Stempel; Kos.
^ Nicholson 132 .
^ a b Adkins 294 .
^ Nicholson 137 .
^ Nicholson xvi.
^ a b Olivares Pedreño 635.
^ Murley 87.
^ Anwyl 41.
^ Murley 87.
^ Nicholson 160 .
^ a b c d e f g Murley v.
^ a b c Tabbernee.
^ Anwyl 39.
^ CIL XIII, 06572 , CIL XIII, 04507 , CIL XIII, 06455
^ a b c d Freeman 4.
^ Dimitz 15.
^ Koch 849.
^ Roymans and Derks 134.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Arenas-Esteban 110.
^ a b c d e f g h Olivares Pedreño 610.
^ a b Arenas-Esteban 112.
^ Olivares Pedreño 614.
^ Olivares Pedreño 611.
^ Rankin 263.
^ a b c d e f g h i j Arenas-Esteban 111.
^ Simón.
^ Olivares Pedreño 610.
^ Olivares Pedreño 638.
^ a b c Olivares Pedreño 609.
^ Olivares Pedreño 612.
^ Dorsey 59.
^ Olivares Pedreño 636.
^ Olivares Pedreño 626.
^ Olivares Pedreño 627.
^ Olivares Pedreño 607.
^ Olivares Pedreño 632.
^ Olivares Pedreño 631.
^ Coulter and Turner 151.
^ Lurker 13 .
^ a b c d Koch 1693-1697.
^ a b c Williams 28.
^ MacCulloch 101.
^ Green 18 .
^ Williams 81
^ Coulter and Turner 155.
^ Williams 18.
^ Coulter and Turner 165.
Works cited
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Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (2004). Handbook to life in ancient Rome (Updated ed.). New York: Facts on file. p. 283 . ISBN 0-8160-5026-0 .
Anwyl, Edward (1906). Celtic Religion in Pre-Christian Times . Andover-Harvard Theological Library.
Arenas-Esteban, J. Alberto (2010). Celtic religion across space and time: fontes epigraphici religionvm celticarvm antiqvarvm . Toledo: Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. ISBN 978-84-7788-589-4 .
de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia (2003). "Die sprachliche Analyse keltischer Theonyme". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie . 53 (1 ): 41–69. doi :10.1515/ZCPH.2003.41 . S2CID 201278751 .
Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2000). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities . Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1-57958-270-2 .
Dimitz, August. History of Carniola . Vol. I.
Dorcey, Peter F. (1992). The cult of Silvanus: a study in Roman folk religion . Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-09601-9 .
Freeman, Philip (2017). Celtic Mythology: Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes . Oxford UP. ISBN 978-0-19-046047-1 .
"Greek & Roman Mythology - Tools". http://www.classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/tools/dictionary.php?regexp=RHEA&method=standard .
Green, Miranda Jane (1993). Celtic myths . Austin: U of Texas P. ISBN 0-292-72754-2 .
Keating, Geoffrey (1857). The History of Ireland from the Earliest Period to the English Invasion . P. M. Haverty.
Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-440-7 .
Kos, Marjeta Šašel (2008). "Dedicanti e Cultores nelle Reliogione Celtiche: A cura di Antonio Sartori" [Celtic divinities from Celeia and its territory: who were the dedicators?]. Quaderni di Acme. 104 . CISALPINO: Istituto Editoriale Universitario. Milano: 284–86.
Lurker, Manfred (2004). The Routledge dictionary of gods, goddesses, devils and demons (2 ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-34018-7 .
MacCulloch, J. A. (1911). The Religion of the Ancient Celts . Edinburgh: Clark. ISBN 9780524009307 .
Mees, Bernard (2009). Celtic Curses . Boydell. ISBN 9781843834571 .
Murley, Joseph Clyde (1922). The Cults of Cisalpine Gaul as Seen in the Inscriptions . The Collegiate Press.
Nicholson, Edward Williams Byron (1904). Keltic researches: Studies in the History and Distribution of the Ancient Goidelic Language and Peoples . Oxford UP.
Olivares Olivares Pedreño, Juan Carlos (2005). "Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula" . E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies . 6 : 607–649.
Rankin, David (1998). Celts and the classical world . London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15090-6 .
Roymans, Nico; Derks, Ton, eds. (2009). Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition . Amsterdam: Amsterdam UP. ISBN 978-90-8964-078-9 .
Williams, Mark Andrew (2016). Ireland's Immortals: A History of the Gods of Irish Myth . Princeton UP. ISBN 9780691157313 .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Celtic_deities&oldid=1219100513 "
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