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Central Marchigiano refers to a group of Romance varieties spoken in the central part of the Marche region of Italy, in an area that includes the provinces of Ancona, Macerata and Fermo. It is one of the Central Italian dialects and forms part of a continuum that also encompasses Umbrian and Tuscan. There are notable grammatical, lexical and idiomatic differences between Marchigiano and standard Italian, but it is considered, along with the rest of Central Italian dialects, to be fairly intelligible to a speaker of Standard Italian.
| Marchigiano | |
|---|---|
| Marchiscià | |
| Native to | Italy |
| Region | central Marche (provinces of Ancona, Macerata and Fermo) |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 900,000[citation needed]) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
ita-cen | |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAA-okl & 51-AAA-rba |
 | |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
According to internal variation, Marchigiano is divided into two main areas:
Features that distinguish Marchigiano in general from Italian include:
The verbs meaning 'be' and 'have' inflect as follows in the present indicative:
| Anconitano | Maceratese | Italian | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| so | so | sono | I am |
| sei (sai) | ssi | sei | you are |
| è | adè | è | he/she/it is |
| semo | simo | siamo | we are |
| sé | sete | siete | you (plural) are |
| è(-ne) | adè | sono | they are |
| Anconitano | Maceratese | Italian | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| ciò | ciò | ho | I have |
| ciài | ci(ài) | hai | you have |
| cià | cià | ha | he/she/it has |
| ciavémo | ciaìmo | abbiamo | we have |
| ciavé | ciaéte | avete | you (plural) have |
| cià(-ne) | cià | hanno | they have |
The Ancona dialect is spoken only in Ancona and has only recently spread its influence elsewhere (Falconara, Osimo, Jesi, Chiaravalle, Porto Recanati, Loreto and Senigallia). Of the Marchigiano varieties, it is the one that shows the most Gallo-Italic traits. For instance, the masculine singular definite article is always el, without anything comparable to the Italian variation, according to phonetic context, between il and lo. Only the speakers from towns which are closer to Macerata (Osimo, Castelfidardo, Loreto, Porto Recanati) use the form lo as in Italian.[1] These cities also undergo other influences from the Macerata dialect, due to proximity.[1]
The Fabriano dialect is spoken in Fabriano (closer to Umbria) and nearby towns. Rhotacismof/l/ occurs in this dialect, such that the local equivalents of Italian calza 'sock' and fulmine 'lightning' are carza and furmine.
The Macerata dialect is spoken in the provinces of Macerata and Fermo. Its speakers use lu (masculine singular) and lo (neuter singular) as definite articles. Notable features are rhotacism of /l/ and various assimilations that are absent from Italian:
| Sound change | Maceratese word | Italian counterpart | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| /nd/ > /nn/ | mettenno | mettendo | putting |
| /mb/ > /mm/ | gamma | gamba | leg |
| /nt/ > /nd/ | pianda | pianta | plant |
| /mp/ > /mb/ | cambu | campo | field |
| /ld/ > /ll/ | callu | caldo | hot |
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The following is a list of Marchigian words; note that the Anconitan forms do not show gemination[3] (babu, ciambòtu, nèrtu, etc.)
Ancona, as claimed by Rohlfs (1966: 322) is the southernmost outcrop on the Adriatic coast - south of Wartburg's La Spezia-Rimini (or Pellegrini's Carrara-Fano) Line - of Western Romance degemination