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NgorNaf (ݣ or ڭ) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from kāf (ك ک) with the addition of three dots above the letter. The letter was used in Ottoman Turkish to represent a velar /ŋ/ and is still used for /ŋ/ when writing Turkic languages.
| Ng | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ڭ ݣ | |||
| Usage | |||
| Writing system | Arabic script | ||
| Type | Abjad | ||
| Language of origin | Ottoman Turkish | ||
| Sound values | [ŋ] | ||
| In Unicode | U+0763, U+06AD | ||
| History | |||
| Development |
| ||
| Sisters |
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| Other | |||
| Writing direction | Right-to-left | ||
| This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |||
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݣ | ـݣ | ـݣـ | ݣـ |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڭ | ـڭ | ـڭـ | ڭـ |
InOttoman Turkish, it represented the velar /ŋ/. An example is the word däŋiz (دݣز, 'sea'). The letter is used or has been used to write /ŋ/ in:
It is also used in Moroccan Arabic for /ɡ/.
The Xiao'erjing script variant ݣ is used to spell /ŋ/inSinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) and the Dungan language.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڠ | ـڠ | ـڠـ | ڠـ |
This letter, derived from ghayn (غ), is used to represent /ŋ/ in:
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݝ | ـݝ | ـݝـ | ݝـ |
This letter is also derived from ghayn. Called ngōn (IPA: [ŋɔːn]), it is used in the Wolofal alphabet to represent /ŋ/ in the Wolof language.[2][3] Two variants of kāf were also used: ڭ as in Turkic, and ݤ below.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ݤ | ـݤ | ـݤـ | ݤـ |
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ڱ | ـڱ | ـڱـ | ڱـ |
Derived from the Perso-Arabic gāf (گ) and called ngāf [ŋäːf], is used in Sindhi for /ŋ/ when written in the Arabic script.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ࢳ | ـࢳ | ـࢳـ | ࢳـ |
This letter is also derived from ghayn, with three dots inside the descender, to represent /ŋ/ in the Arwi script used for Tamil.
