Pamona (also PosoorBare’e) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is part of the northern group of the Kaili–Pamona languages.
| Pamona | |
|---|---|
| Bare’e | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | 140,000 (2000)[1] |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pmf |
| Glottolog | pamo1252 |
 | |
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Ethnologue lists the following as dialects: Laiwonu (Iba), Pamona (Poso), Rapangkaka (Aria), Taa (Topotaa, Wana), Tobau (Bare’e, Tobalo, Tobao), Tokondindi, Tomoni, and Topada.[2]
The Poso dialect is the prestige dialect, specifically the variety spoken in the interior around Lake Poso. The coastal Poso variety (Poso Pesisir) – mostly spoken by Muslims in the trading hub Poso – does not differ significantly from the interior prestige variety (e.g. it uses the same negator bare'e as the interior variety), but has undergone some lexical influence from Buginese and the Parigi dialect of Kaili.[3][4]
Pamona has the following sound inventory:[5]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | g | ||
| Prenasalized plosive |
voiceless | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᶮc | ᵑk | |
| voiced | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮɟ | ᵑg | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | j | |||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
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