Sin Ton (Korean: 신돈; 21 January 1322 – 21 August 1371)[1] was a Korean Buddhist monk and scholar during the Goryeo dynasty. His Dharma name was P'yŏncho (편조) and he became a teacher and advisor of King Gongmin.
Sin Ton
| |
|---|---|
| Born | 21 January 1322
Yeongsan-hyeon, Gyeongsang Province, Goryeo
(present-day Yeongsan-myeon, Changnyeong County, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea) |
| Died | 21 August 1371 (aged 48) |
| Cause of death | Execution |
| Occupations |
|
| Title | Marquis Jinpyeong |
| Children | 1 |
| Parents |
|
| Family | Yeongsan Sin clan |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 신돈 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Sin Don |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sin Ton |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 요공 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Yogong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yokong |
| Dharma name | |
| Hangul | 편조 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Pyeonjo |
| McCune–Reischauer | P'yŏncho |
| Art name | |
| Hangul | 청한거사 |
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Cheonghan Geosa |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ch'ŏnghan Kŏsa |
He was a Buddhist monk with the full confidence of King Gongmin, and who tried to reform the society of Goryeo. The king judged Sin Ton cleverness; in 1365, him gave him the art name Cheonghan Geosa (청한거사, 淸閑居士) and the noble title of Marquis Jinpyeong (진평후, 真平侯).
Sin Ton appointed a group of new high-level officials from the Sinjin faction of the scholar-officials and drove out some people who had acquired too much power. He also promoted the setting up of the Jeonmin Byeonjeong Dogam (전민변정도감, 田民辨整都監), a government office to reform the land in 1366; thus, he was met with the opposition of the powerful old aristocratic families. While surrounded by flatterers, he didn't have any supporters. Finally, King Gongmin executed Sin Ton in 1371.[citation needed]
King Gongmin's attempt to regain the leadership of the state through the introduction of Sin Ton had achieved some success. However, for this purpose, King Gongmin had almost entrusted Sin Ton with full authority, and had to face criticism for allowing Sin Ton to be an equal to the monarch.[2]
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