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Scheduled languages are not the same as official languages. Check Article 343 of Indian constitution.
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Article 343 (1) of the Constitution of India states "The Official Language of the Union government shall be Hindi in Devanagari script." - It clearly mentions for Union government not for Indian government. It is for central government official works not for whole India.
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
[[File:Language region maps of India.svg|thumb|400px|States and union territories of India by the most commonly spoken official language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |format=PDF |accessdate=17 September 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate= 8 July 2016}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">Some languages may be over- or underrepresented as the census data used is at the state-level. For example, while Urdu has 52 million speakers (2001), in no state is it a majority as the language itself is primarily limited to Indian Muslims yet has more native speakers than Gujarati.</ref>]]
There is no [[national language]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-not-a-national-language-court/article94695.ece|title=Hindi, not a national language: Court|author=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=25 January 2010|accessdate=20 November 2018|publisher=''[[The Hindu]]''}}</ref> The [[Constitution of India]] designates
States specify their own official language(s) through legislation. The section of the Constitution of India dealing with official languages therefore includes detailed provisions which deal not just with the languages used for the official purposes of the union, but also with the languages that are to be used for the official purposes of each [[States and territories of India|state and union territory]] in the country, and the languages that are to be used for communication between the union and the states ''inter se''.
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== List of official languages of India ==
The Eighth Schedule to the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]] contains a list of 22 official languages.The table below lists the 22 official languages of Republic of India set out in the Eighth Schedule as of May 2008, together with the regions where they are widely spoken and used as state's official language.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Language{{efn|Includes variants and dialects}}
![[List of Indo-Aryan languages|Family]]
!Speakers<br><small>(in millions, 2011)</small><ref name="CensusData 2011, Language and Mother Tongue">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf|title=Statement 1 - Abstract of Speakers' Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref>
!Official recognition in State(s)
|-
|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]|| Indo-Aryan, Eastern || 15.3 ||[[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|| Indo-Aryan, Eastern || 97.2 ||[[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], [[Assam]], [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]], [[Jharkhand]]<ref>http://www.bihardays.com/jharkhands-11-second-languages-will-create-new-jobs-enrich-national-culture/</ref>
|-
|[[Bodo language|Bodo]]||[[Tibeto-Burman]]|| 1.48 ||[[Assam]]
|-
|[[Dogri language|Dogri]]|| Indo-Aryan, Northwestern || 2.6 ||[[Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|-
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]|| Indo-Aryan, Western || 55.5 ||[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], [[Daman and Diu]], [[Gujarat]]
|-
|[[Hindi]]|| Indo-Aryan || 528||[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Bihar]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Delhi]], [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh|Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh]], [[Mizoram]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and [[West Bengal]]<ref name="Telegraph:1" /><ref name="Indiatoday:1" />
|-
|[[Kannada language|Kannada]]||[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]|| 43.7 ||[[Karnataka]]
|-
|[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]|| Indo-Aryan, Dardic || 6.8 ||[[Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
|[[Konkani language|Konkani]]|| Indo-Aryan, Southern || 2.25 ||[[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]] ([[Konkan coast|The Konkan Coast]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/konkani/konkani.htm|title=The Origins of the Konkani Language|last=|first=|date=August 15, 1997 – January 15, 2016|website=www.kamat.com|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://languages.iloveindia.com/konkani.html|title=Indian Languages: Konkani Language|last=|first=|date=|website=iloveindia.com|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Maithili language|Maithili]]|| Indo-Aryan, Eastern || 13.6 ||[[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]]<ref>https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/news/ranchi/jharkhand-raghubar-das-cabinet-decision-maithili-bhojpuri-angika-magahi-second-language/1135878.html</ref>
|-
|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]||[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]|| 34.8 ||[[Kerala]], [[Lakshadweep]], [[Puducherry]], [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]]
|-
|[[Meitei language|Manipuri]] (also Meitei or Meithei) ||[[Tibeto-Burman]]|| 1.8 ||[[Manipur]]
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|| Indo-Aryan, Southern || 83 ||[[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]], [[Dadra & Nagar Haveli]], [[Daman and Diu]]
|-
|[[Nepali language|Nepali]]|| Indo-Aryan, Northern || 2.9 ||[[Sikkim]], [[Darjeeling]], [[Uttarakhand]] and some parts of Northeast India
|-
|[[Odia language|Odia]]|| Indo-Aryan, Eastern || 37.5||[[Odisha]], [[Jharkhand]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/oriya-gets-its-due-in-neighbouring-state/181258-60-117.html|title=Oriya gets its due in neighbouring state- Orissa- IBNLive|date=2011-09-04|publisher=Ibnlive.in.com|accessdate=2012-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-01/bhubaneswar/29953104_1_oriya-jharkhand-assembly-jharkhand-cabinet|title=Oriya second language in Jharkhand - Times Of India|author=Naresh Chandra Pattanayak Sep 1, 2011, 08.04am IST|date=2011-09-01|publisher=Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com|accessdate=2012-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/BIH-bengali-Oriya-among-12-dialects-as-2nd-language-in-jharkhand-2392920.html|title=Bengali, Oriya among 12 dialects as 2nd language in Jharkhand|date=2011-08-31|publisher=daily.bhaskar.com|accessdate=2012-11-29}}</ref> [[West Bengal]]<ref name="Telegraph:1" /><ref name="Indiatoday:1" />
|-
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|| Indo-Aryan, Northwestern || 33.1 ||[[Chandigarh]], [[Delhi]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[West Bengal]]<ref name="Telegraph:1" /><ref name="Indiatoday:1" />
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]|| Indo-Aryan || 0.02 ||[[Uttarakhand]]
|-
|[[Santali language|Santali]]||[[Munda languages|Munda]]|| 7.3 || Spoken by [[Santhal people]] mainly in the state of [[Jharkhand]] as well as in the states of [[Assam]], [[Bihar]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Mizoram]], [[Odisha]], [[Tripura]], [[West Bengal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/sat/|title=Santhali|website=Ethnologue.com|accessdate=3 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]||[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]], Northwestern || 2.7 ||[[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sindh]] (now [[Sindh]] in [[Pakistan]])
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]||[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]|| 69 ||[[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]], [[Puducherry]]
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]|| 81.1 ||[[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Puducherry]], [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]]
|-
|[[Urdu language|Urdu]]|| Indo-Aryan, Central || 50.7 ||[[Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Telangana]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Delhi]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[West Bengal]]<ref name="Telegraph:1" /><ref name="Indiatoday:1" />
|}
==Official languages of the Union==
[[File:Indian Passport cover 2015.jpg|thumb|225px|The front cover of a contemporary [[Indian passport]], with the [[National Emblem of India|national emblem]] and inscriptions in [[Hindi]] and [[English language]].]]
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In late 1964, an attempt was made to expressly provide for an end to the use of [[English language|English]], but it was met with protests from states such as [[Maharashtra]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[West Bengal]], [[Karnataka]], [[Puducherry]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Some of these protests also turned violent.<ref>Hardgrave, Robert L. (August 1965). "The Riots in Tamilnadu: Problems and Prospects of India's Language Crisis". Asian Survey (University of California Press)</ref> As a result, the proposal was dropped,<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,940936,00.html|title=The force of words|accessdate=2007-06-05 | work=Time | date=1965-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Forrester |first=Duncan B. |title=The Madras Anti-Hindi Agitation, 1965: Political Protest and its Effects on Language Policy in India |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=39 |issue=1/2 |pages=19–36 |date=Spring–Summer 1966 |doi=10.2307/2755179}}</ref> and the Act itself was amended in 1967 to provide that the use of English would not be ended until a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] to that effect was passed by the legislature of every state that had not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each house of the Indian Parliament.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/dolruleseng.htm | title=The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 3(5) | accessdate=10 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325173337/http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/dolruleseng.htm | archive-date=25 March 2010}}</ref>
The position was thus that the [[Government of India|Union government]] continues to use [[English language|English]] in addition to [[Hindi]] for its official purposes<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web | url=http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/dolruleseng.htm | title=The Official Languages (Use for Official Purpose of the Union) - Rules 1976 (As Amended, 1987) - Paragraph 3(1) | accessdate=10 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325173337/http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/dolruleseng.htm | archive-date=25 March 2010}}</ref> as a "subsidiary official language,"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100502221154/http://www.rajbhasha.gov.in/preseng.htm Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L. (Ministry of Home Affairs), dated 27 April 1960]</ref> but is also required to prepare and execute a [[Program (management)|
=== Parliamentary proceedings and laws ===
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===Implementation===
Various steps have been taken by the Indian government to implement the use and
Annual targets are set by the Department of Official Language regarding the amount of correspondence being carried out in Hindi. A Parliament Committee on Official Language constituted in 1976 periodically reviews the progress in the use of Hindi and submits a report to the President. The governmental body which makes policy decisions and established guidelines for promotion of Hindi is the ''Kendriya Hindi Samiti'' (est. 1967). In every city that has more than ten central Government offices, a Town Official Language Implementation Committee is established and cash awards are given to government employees who write books in Hindi. All Central government offices and PSUs are to establish Hindi Cells for implementation of Hindi in their offices.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Language - Constitutional/Statutory Provisions |url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/official_language.php |work=[[Government of India]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070417150059/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/official_language.php |archivedate=17 April 2007}}</ref>
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The state has the right to regulate the use of its official language in [[public administration]], and in general, neither the constitution nor any central enactment imposes any restriction on this right. However, every person submitting a [[petition]] for the redress of a grievance to an officer or authority of the state government has a constitutional right to submit it in any language used in that state, regardless of its official status.
In addition, the constitution grants the central government, acting through the [[President of India|President]], the power to issue certain directives to the government of a state in relation to the use of [[minority language]]s for official purposes. The President may direct a State to officially
=== State judiciary ===
States have significantly less freedom in relation to determine the language in which judicial proceedings in their respective [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] will be conducted. The constitution gives the power to
Four states—[[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Rajasthan]]—<ref>[http://www.barandbench.com/index.php?title=Language%20in%20Courts%20-%20a%20bridge%20or%20a%20barrier?&page=brief&id=805&gn=0 Language in Courts - a bridge or a barrier?]</ref> have been granted the right to conduct proceedings in their High Courts in their official language, which, for all of them, was Hindi. However, the only non-Hindi state to seek a similar power—[[Tamil Nadu]], which sought the right to conduct proceedings in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] in its [[Madras High Court|High Court]]—had its application rejected by the central government earlier, which said it was advised to do so by the Supreme Court.<ref>{{citation |last= Special Correspondent |title=Karunanidhi stands firm on Tamil in High Court | newspaper = The Hindu |page=1 |date=12 March 2007 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/12/stories/2007031205180100.htm}}</ref> In 2006, the law ministry said that it would not object to Tamil Nadu state's desire to conduct [[Madras High Court]] proceedings in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/03/stories/2006120306220800.htm The Hindu: Tamil Nadu / Thanjavur News: No objection to Tamil as court language: A.P. Shah<!-- Bot-generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.silobreaker.com/DocumentReader.aspx?Item=5_848171789 Silobreaker: Make Tamil the language of Madras High Court: Karu<!-- Bot-generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230004201/http://www.silobreaker.com/DocumentReader.aspx?Item=5_848171789|date=30 December 2008}}
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| 23. || [[Sikkim]] || [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<ref>{{citation |last=Government of Sikkim |title=Introduction to Sikkim |url=http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/home_int.htm |accessdate=2017-07-16}}</ref><ref>Eleven other languages — Bhutia, Lepcha, Limboo, Newari, Gurung, Mangar, Mukhia, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang - are termed "official", but only for the purposes of the preservation of culture and tradition. {{citation|last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=paras 27.3–27.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=10 April 2009}}. See also {{citation|last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=41st report: July 2002 - June 2003 |page=paras 28.4, 28.9 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224124226/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate=2007-02-24}}</ref> ||Additional ten local languages{{efn|[[Sikkimese language|Bhutia]], [[Gurung language|Gurung]], [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]], [[Limbu language|Limboo]], [[Magar language|Mangar]], [[Mukhia language|Mukhia]], [[Newar language|Newari]], [[Rai languages|Rai]], [[Sherpa language|Sherpa]] and [[Tamang language|Tamang]] are the Additional Official Languages for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition.<ref name=langoff />{{rp|84}}}}
|-
| 24. || [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||[[English language|English]]
|-
| 25. || [[Telangana]] || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || [[Urdu]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/urdu-is-telanganas-second-official-language-4940595/|title=Urdu is Telangana’s second official language|date=2017-11-16|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2018-02-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/urdu-second-official-language-telangana-state-passes-bill-71742|title=Urdu is second official language in Telangana as state passes Bill|date=2017-11-17|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-02-27}}</ref>
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|-
| 7. || [[Puducherry]] || [[French language|French]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]] ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]] {{efn|See [[Official languages of Puducherry]]}}<ref>There are three primary languages used for official purposes - Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. Only, English is recognized for official uses as per the official language policy. The official language policy of the union territory states that the Tamil language should be the primary language used for all or any of the official purposes of the union territory. In case of Mahe and Yanam, Malayalam and Telugu, respectively, may be used instead of or in conjunction with Tamil. The English language may also be used for official purposes. (ACT 28, Gazetteer, Pondicherry Vol. 1, P. II)[http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2004/multilingual.html Multilingualism and second language acquisition and learning in Pondicherry]</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Puducherry |title=General Information on Pondicherry |url=http://www.ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/GeneralInfo.htm |accessdate=2007-06-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928180538/http://www.ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/GeneralInfo.htm |archivedate=28 September 2007}}</ref>
|}<section end=Lists of Official Languages of States and Union Territories of India/><section begin="8th" schedule="" to="" the="" indian="" constitution="" /><section end=8th Schedule to the Indian constitution />
== Union–state and interstate communication ==
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* [[List of Indian languages by number of native speakers]]
* [[Indian States by most popular languages]]
*[[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|The Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitution]]
==Notes==
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