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{{Short description|French writer (1590–1648)}} |
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'''Émeric Crucé'''<ref>Émeric de la Croix, Emericus Cruceus</ref> (1590–1648) was a French political writer, known for the ''Nouveau Cynée'' (1623), a pioneer work on [[international relations]]. |
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'''Émeric Crucé'''<ref>Émeric de la Croix, Emericus Cruceus</ref> (1590–1648) was a French political writer, known for the ''Nouveau Cynée'' (1623), a pioneer work on [[international relations]].<ref>{{cite book |author= Em. Cr. P. |title=Le novveav Cynee; ov, Discovrs des occasions et moyens d'etablir vne paix generale & la liberté du commerce par tout le monde |place= A Paris|publisher= Iacoves Villery |url=https://archive.org/details/lenovveavcyneeov00cruc |year= 1623 |access-date= 10 February 2018 |via= Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= The New Cyneas of Émeric Crucé; Edited with An Introduction and Translated Into English from the Original French Text of 1623 by Thomas Willing Balch |year= 1909 |publisher= Allen, Lane and Scott |place= Philadelphia|url= https://archive.org/details/newcyneasofemeri00cruc|access-date=10 February 2018 |via= Internet Archive}}</ref> He advocated for an [[International organization|international pacific body]] of representatives of many countries. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Little |
Little specifics are known about him. He taught in a college in Paris, is said to have been a monk, and is supposed to have been from a humble background.<ref>[http://www.europeanspirit.gr/biblioteca/rougemont_europe.html European Spirit – Biblioteca Europeana – Denis de Rougemont: "Europe Unites"]</ref> |
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==The |
==The "New Cyneas"== |
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| ⚫ | The ''Nouveau Cynée ou Discours d'Estat représentant les occasions et moyens d'establir une paix générale et la liberté de commerce pour tout le monde'' takes its name from [[Cyneas]], a diplomat-statesman of the ancient world who was active around 300 BC and known for his emphasis on [[peace]]. Crucé, in accordance with Cyneas, made peace central to his philosophical and political thought. |
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Crucé took the position that [[war]]s were the result of international misunderstandings and the domination of society by the warrior class, both of which could be reduced through commerce which brought people together.<ref>Oneal, John R., Oneal, Frances H., Maoz, Zeev; and Russett, Bruce. "The Liberal Peace: Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict, 1950-85", ''Journal of Peace Research'', Vol. 33, No. 1 (Feb., 1996)</ref> |
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The |
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He is pacifist in tone, and envisages an international body to maintain peace. It should be a permanent gathering princes, or their representatives, in session at [[Venice]] |
He is pacifist in tone, and envisages an international body to maintain peace. It should be a permanent gatheringof princes, or their representatives, in session at [[Venice]], whose task would be to resolve national or international disputes. Radically, he suggests that the [[Islam]]ic powers would participate<ref> |
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[[John Bagnell Bury]], ''The Idea of Progress'' (2004 reprint), p. 88.</ref> in this permanent [[peace congress]]; Crucé's thinking runs along the lines of a common humanity.<ref>Darren J. O'Byrne, ''The Dimensions of Global Citizenship: Political Identity Beyond the Nation-state'' (2003), p. 64.</ref> |
[[John Bagnell Bury]], ''The Idea of Progress'' (2004 reprint), p. 88.</ref> in this permanent [[peace congress]]; Crucé's thinking runs along the lines of a common humanity.<ref>Darren J. O'Byrne, ''The Dimensions of Global Citizenship: Political Identity Beyond the Nation-state'' (2003), p. 64.</ref> Membership of this body would be completely voluntary. |
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His system relies on a measure of [[free trade]],<ref>[http://www.globalpolicy.org/reform/intro/1999jinx.htm A Brief History of the Quest for Peace |
His system relies on a measure of [[free trade]],<ref>[http://www.globalpolicy.org/reform/intro/1999jinx.htm A Brief History of the Quest for Peace]</ref> and proposes a [[single currency]] and standardized [[weights and measures]]. There is an emphasis on social and economic objectives, as well as [[public spending]]. |
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Crucé's ideas are in sharp contrast to those of [[Jean Bodin]], based on [[national sovereignty]] and the acceptance of war. |
Crucé's ideas are in sharp contrast to those of [[Jean Bodin]], whose ideas are based on [[national sovereignty]] and the acceptance of war. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{cite book |url= https://archive.org/stream/mriccruc00balc#page/n7/mode/2up |last= Balch |first= Thomas Willing |title= Émeric Crucé |publisher= Allen, Lane & Scott |place= Philadelphia |year= 1900 |via= Internet Archive}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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* Mansfield, Andrew (2013) 'Émeric Crucé's Nouveau Cynée (1623): universal peace and free trade'. Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, 2 (4). pp. 2–23. ISSN 2280-8574 - http://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/jihi/article/view/170 |
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| NAME = Cruce, Emeric |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1590 |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1648 |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cruce, Emeric}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cruce, Emeric}} |
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[[Category:1590 births]] |
[[Category:1590 births]] |
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[[Category:1648 deaths]] |
[[Category:1648 deaths]] |
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[[Category:French writers]] |
[[Category:French male writers]] |
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[[fr:Émeric Crucé]] |
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[[it:Émeric Crucé]] |
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[[pt:Émeric Crucé]] |
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[[uk:Емері Крюсе]] |
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Émeric Crucé[1] (1590–1648) was a French political writer, known for the Nouveau Cynée (1623), a pioneer work on international relations.[2][3] He advocated for an international pacific body of representatives of many countries.
Little specifics are known about him. He taught in a college in Paris, is said to have been a monk, and is supposed to have been from a humble background.[4]
The Nouveau Cynée ou Discours d'Estat représentant les occasions et moyens d'establir une paix générale et la liberté de commerce pour tout le monde takes its name from Cyneas, a diplomat-statesman of the ancient world who was active around 300 BC and known for his emphasis on peace. Crucé, in accordance with Cyneas, made peace central to his philosophical and political thought.
Crucé took the position that wars were the result of international misunderstandings and the domination of society by the warrior class, both of which could be reduced through commerce which brought people together.[5]
He is pacifist in tone, and envisages an international body to maintain peace. It should be a permanent gathering of princes, or their representatives, in session at Venice, whose task would be to resolve national or international disputes. Radically, he suggests that the Islamic powers would participate[6] in this permanent peace congress; Crucé's thinking runs along the lines of a common humanity.[7] Membership of this body would be completely voluntary.
His system relies on a measure of free trade,[8] and proposes a single currency and standardized weights and measures. There is an emphasis on social and economic objectives, as well as public spending.
Crucé's ideas are in sharp contrast to those of Jean Bodin, whose ideas are based on national sovereignty and the acceptance of war.
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