Émeric Crucé[1] (1590–1648) was a French political writer, known for the Nouveau Cynée (1623), a pioneer work on international relations.
Little specifics are known about him. He taught in a college in Paris, and is said to have been a monk, supposed to have been from a humble background.[2]
The Nouveau Cynée ou Discours d'Estat représentant les occasions et moyens d'establir une paix générale et la liberté de commerce pour tout le monde takes its name from Cyneas, a diplomat-statesman of the ancient world, active around 300 BC, and known for his emphasis on peace. Crucé made peace central to his philosophical and political thought.
Crucé took the position that wars were the result of international misunderstandings and the domination of society by the warrior class, both of which could be reduced through commerce which brought people together.[3]
He is pacifist in tone, and envisages an international body to maintain peace. It should be a permanent gathering princes, or their representatives, in session at Venice; its task would be to resolve disputes. Radically, the suggestion is that the Islamic powers would participate,[4] in this permanent peace congress; Crucé's thinking runs along the lines of a common humanity.[5]
His system relies on a measure of free trade,[6] and proposes a single currency, and standardized weights and measures. There is an emphasis on social and economic objectives, and public spending.
Crucé's ideas are in sharp contrast to those of Jean Bodin, based on national sovereignty and the acceptance of war.
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