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{{Short description|Japanese clan}} |
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{{Japanese name|Ōkubo}} |
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{{family name hatnote|Ōkubo|lang=Japanese}} |
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{{Japanese clan name| |
{{Japanese clan name| |
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|surname = |
|surname = Ōkubo |
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|surname nihongo = 大久保 |
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|image =Okubo mon.jpg |
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|image = Okubo mon.jpg |
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|caption = Ōkubo clan ''[[Mon (emblem)|mon]]'' |
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|province of origin =[[Mikawa Province|Mikawa]] |
|province of origin =[[Mikawa Province|Mikawa]] |
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|parent house =[[Fujiwara clan]] via the Utsunomiya clan |
|parent house = [[Fujiwara clan]] via the Utsunomiya clan |
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|titles =''[[daimyō]]'', [[viscount]] |
|titles =''[[daimyō]]'', [[viscount]] |
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|founder =[[Ōkubo Tadatoshi]] |
|founder = [[Ōkubo Tadatoshi]] |
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|final ruler =[[Ōkubo Tadayoshi (II)]] |
|final ruler = [[Ōkubo Tadayoshi (II)]] |
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|current head = |
|current head = |
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|founding year =15th century |
|founding year = 15th century |
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|dissolution =still extant |
|dissolution = still extant |
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|ruled until =1873 ([[Abolition of the han system]]) |
|ruled until = 1873 ([[Abolition of the han system]]) |
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|cadet branches = four cadet branches to the [[Meiji Restoration]] |
|cadet branches = four cadet branches to the [[Meiji Restoration]] |
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}} |
}} |
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The {{Nihongo|'''Ōkubo clan'''|大久保氏|Ōkubo-shi}} were a ''[[samurai]]'' kin group which rose to prominence in the [[Sengoku period]] and the [[Edo period]]s.<ref name="gk1">Meyer, Eva-Maria. [ |
The {{Nihongo|'''Ōkubo clan'''|大久保氏|Ōkubo-shi|lead=yes}} were a ''[[samurai]]'' kin group which rose to prominence in the [[Sengoku period]] and the [[Edo period]]s.<ref name="gk1">Meyer, Eva-Maria. [https://uni-tuebingen.de/geschichte-japans/manabu/shoshidai.htm "Gouverneure von Kyôto in der Edo-Zeit."] Universität Tübingen (in German)</ref> Under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]], the Ōkubo, as hereditary vassals of the [[Tokugawa clan]], were classified as one of the ''[[fudai daimyō]]'' clans.<ref name="a75">Appert, Georges. (1888). [https://books.google.com/books?id=CSUNAAAAYAAJ&q=ancien+japon+georges+appert&pg=PA75 ''Ancien Japon'', p. 75]</ref> |
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==Ōkubo clan genealogy== |
==Ōkubo clan genealogy== |
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The Ōkubo clan traces its origins to 16th century [[Mikawa Province]].<ref name="a75" /> The Ōkubo claimed descent from the Utsunomiya clan, descendants of [[Fujiwara no Michikane]] (955–995).<ref name="p46">[[Edmond Papinot|Papinot, Edmond]]. (2003). [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf ''Nobiliare du Japon'' -- Ōkubo, p. 46 |
The Ōkubo clan traces its origins to 16th century [[Mikawa Province]].<ref name="a75" /> The Ōkubo claimed descent from the Utsunomiya clan, descendants of [[Fujiwara no Michikane]] (955–995).<ref name="p46">[[Edmond Papinot|Papinot, Edmond]]. (2003). [http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf ''Nobiliare du Japon'' -- Ōkubo, p. 46]; Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon;'' retrieved 2012-11-7</ref> Ōkubo Tadatoshi (1499–1581) and his younger brother Ōkubo Tadakazu (1511–1583) were the first to abandon the Utaunomiya name for "Ōkubo". Both brothers were among the seven closest retainers of [[Matsudaira Hirotada]], the father of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]]. |
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===Main branch=== |
===Main branch=== |
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* [[Ōkubo Tadayo]] (1531–1593), the son of Ōkubo Tadakazu, participated as a general in all the military campaigns of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1590, upon the transfer of Ieyasu to the [[Kantō region]], he was rewarded with formal recognition as a [[daimyō]],<ref name="a75" /> and the clan was established in the ''[[han (country subdivision)|han]]'' of [[Odawara Domain|Odawara]] (45,000 ''koku'') in [[Sagami Province]], where the Ōkubo were made castellans [[Odawara |
* [[Ōkubo Tadayo]] (1531–1593), the son of Ōkubo Tadakazu, participated as a general in all the military campaigns of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1590, upon the transfer of Ieyasu to the [[Kantō region]], he was rewarded with formal recognition as a [[daimyō]],<ref name="a75" /> and the clan was established in the ''[[han (country subdivision)|han]]'' of [[Odawara Domain|Odawara]] (45,000 ''koku'') in [[Sagami Province]], where the Ōkubo were made castellans [[Odawara Castle]].<ref>[http://www.tokyoessentials.com/odawara.html Odawara castle]</ref> The main branch of Ōkubo clan consists of his family and their descendants.<ref name="p46"/> |
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** [[Ōkubo Tadachika]] (1553–1628) succeeded his father at Odawara, and the revenues of the ''han'' had increased to 70,000 ''koku.'' In 1614 Tadachika was accused of participation in the plot of [[Tokugawa Tadateru]] against his brother, ''Shōgun'' [[Tokugawa Hidetada]]; and the Ōkubo were dispossessed. Tadahicka was confined at [[Hikone]] in [[Ōmi |
** [[Ōkubo Tadachika]] (1553–1628) succeeded his father at Odawara, and the revenues of the ''han'' had increased to 70,000 ''koku.'' In 1614 Tadachika was accused of participation in the plot of [[Tokugawa Tadateru]] against his brother, ''Shōgun'' [[Tokugawa Hidetada]]; and the Ōkubo were dispossessed. Tadahicka was confined at [[Hikone]] in [[Ōmi Province]].<ref name="p46"/> |
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** [[Ōkubo Tadamoto]] (1604–1670) was implicated initially in the disgrace of his grandfather; however, he was installed in 1632 at [[Kanō Domain]] (50,000 ''koku'') in [[Mino |
** [[Ōkubo Tadamoto]] (1604–1670) was implicated initially in the disgrace of his grandfather; however, he was installed in 1632 at [[Kanō Domain]] (50,000 ''koku'') in [[Mino Province]], and then he was transferred in 1639 to [[Akashi Domain]] in [[Harima Province]]. He was transferred again in 1649 to [[Karatsu Domain]] (90,000 ''koku'') in [[Hizen Province]], and he was moved again in 1678 to [[Sakura Domain]] in [[Shimōsa Province]]. This senior branch of the Ōkubo was restored to Odawara Domain (100,000 ''koku''), where they resided until the [[Meiji Restoration]]. The final daimyō of Odawara Domain, [[Ōkubo Tadayoshi (II)|Ōkubo Tadayoshi]] died in the [[Satsuma Rebellion]]. |
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The head of this clan, [[Ōkubo Tadanori]] line was ennobled as a [[viscount]] ("shishaku") in the ''[[kazoku]]'' peerage system.<ref name="p46"/> |
The head of this clan, [[Ōkubo Tadanori]] line was ennobled as a [[viscount]] ("shishaku") in the ''[[kazoku]]'' peerage system.<ref name="p46"/> |
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===Cadet lines=== |
===Cadet lines=== |
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* A cadet branch was created in 1601 for [[Ōkubo Tadasuke]] (1537–1613), the second son of Ōkubo Tadakazu, who had served as a general in the armies of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ōkubo Tadasuke was given [[Numazu Castle]] and assigned [[Numazu Domain]] (20,000 ''koku'') in [[Suruga |
* A cadet branch was created in 1601 for [[Ōkubo Tadasuke]] (1537–1613), the second son of Ōkubo Tadakazu, who had served as a general in the armies of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ōkubo Tadasuke was given [[Numazu Castle]] and assigned [[Numazu Domain]] (20,000 ''koku'') in [[Suruga Province]]; however, he died without leaving any heirs, and the domain reverted to the shogunate.<ref name="p46"/> |
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* A cadet branch of the Ōkubo was created in 1684. The descendants of [[Ōkubo Tadatame]] (1554–1616), the sixth son of [[Ōkubo Tadakazu]], has served as ''[[hatamoto]]'' to the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1687, Ōkubo Tadataka had amassed a revenue base of 10,000 ''koku'', which qualified him to join the ranks of the daimyō. His son, Ōkubo Tsuneharu (1675–1728) was assigned to [[Karasuyama Domain]] (30,000 ''koku'') in [[Shimotsuke |
* A cadet branch of the Ōkubo was created in 1684. The descendants of [[Ōkubo Tadatame]] (1554–1616), the sixth son of [[Ōkubo Tadakazu]], has served as ''[[hatamoto]]'' to the Tokugawa shogunate. In 1687, Ōkubo Tadataka had amassed a revenue base of 10,000 ''koku'', which qualified him to join the ranks of the daimyō. His son, Ōkubo Tsuneharu (1675–1728) was assigned to [[Karasuyama Domain]] (30,000 ''koku'') in [[Shimotsuke Province]] in 1725, where his descendants remained until the Meiji restoration. The head of this clan line, Ōkubo Tadayori, was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.<ref name="p46"/> |
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* A cadet branch of the Ōkubo was created in 1706. This clan line was instituted for the descendants of [[Ōkubo Norihiro]] (1657–1737), who were installed at [[Ogino-Yamanaka Domain]] (13,000 ''koku'') in [[Sagami |
* A cadet branch of the Ōkubo was created in 1706. This clan line was instituted for the descendants of [[Ōkubo Norihiro]] (1657–1737), who were installed at [[Ogino-Yamanaka Domain]] (13,000 ''koku'') in [[Sagami Province]] from 1718 through 1868. The head of this clan line was ennobled as a "Viscount" in the Meiji period.<ref name="p46"/> |
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===Indirect Ōkubo ''kazoku'' lines=== |
===Indirect Ōkubo ''kazoku'' lines=== |
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*[[Ōkubo Toshimichi]], |
*[[Ōkubo Toshimichi]], 1830–1878—1st [[Minister of Finance (Japan)|Finance Minister]] and 1st [[Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications (Japan)|Home Minister]] of [[Emperor Meiji|Meiji]]'s government.<ref>Röhl, William. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=47yhjgB-XhgC&dq=okubo+clan&pg=PA98 ''History of Law in Japan Since 1868'', p. 98]; Acton, John ''et al.'' (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=INksAAAAIAAJ&dq=okubo+clan&pg=PA864 ''The Cambridge Modern History'', p. 865.] London: [[Macmillan & Company]]</ref> ''[[Genrō]].''<ref>McLaren, Walter. (1966). [https://books.google.com/books?id=1hQ2m17oPE8C&dq=okubo+genro&pg=PT121 ''A Political History of Japan: During the Meiji Era, 1867–1912,'' p. 117]</ref> was the son of a low-ranking [[samurai]] in the service of the [[Satsuma clan]] in [[Kagoshima]]. He claimed descent from a branch of the Ōkubo clan who migrated to [[Satsuma Province]] from [[Kyoto]] during the [[Sengoku period]]. For his services to the [[Meiji government]], he was offered peerage as [[marquess]] (''koshaku'') under the kazoku peerage in 1884 but he declined and the peerage was instead given to his eldest son and heir Marquess Toshikazu.<ref name="p46"/> |
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* In 1877, a former samurai from Suruga Province, [[Ōkubo Ichio]] (1817–1888) was ennobled as a "Viscount" under the kazoku system.<ref name="p46"/> Ōkubo Ichio had served as councilor to the last five Tokugawa |
* In 1877, a former samurai from Suruga Province, [[Ōkubo Ichio]] (1817–1888) was ennobled as a "Viscount" under the kazoku system.<ref name="p46"/> Ōkubo Ichio had served as councilor to the last five Tokugawa ''shōguns'', and during the [[Boshin War]], had served as an emissary for [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] to negotiate the surrender of [[Edo]] to imperial forces. Under the [[Meiji government]], he served as appointed governor of Shizuoka (1870) and Kyoto (1875), and as a member of the ''[[Genrōin]]'' (1877). He was also known as Ōkubo Tadahiro. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* [[John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton|Dalberg-Acton, John]], George Walter Prothero and [[Adolphus William Ward]] and Stanley Mordaunt Leathes. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=INksAAAAIAAJ |
* [[John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton|Dalberg-Acton, John]], George Walter Prothero and [[Adolphus William Ward]] and Stanley Mordaunt Leathes. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=INksAAAAIAAJ&dq=okubo+clan&pg=PA864 ''The Cambridge Modern History'', p. 865.] London: [[Macmillan & Company]] |
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* Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HYc_AAAAMAAJ& |
* Appert, Georges and H. Kinoshita. (1888). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HYc_AAAAMAAJ&q=ancien+japon ''Ancien Japon''.] Tokyo: Imprimerie Kokubunsha |
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* McLaren, Walter. (1966). [https://books.google.com/books?id=1hQ2m17oPE8C& |
* McLaren, Walter. (1966). [https://books.google.com/books?id=1hQ2m17oPE8C&q=okubo+genro ''A Political History of Japan: During the Meiji Era, 1867–1912''.]. London: [[Routledge]]. {{ISBN|0-7146-2018-1}} |
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* Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). ''Japans Kaiserhof in de Edo-Zeit: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867''. Münster: Tagenbuch. {{ISBN|3-8258-3939-7}} |
* Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999). ''Japans Kaiserhof in de Edo-Zeit: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre 1846 bis 1867''. Münster: Tagenbuch. {{ISBN|3-8258-3939-7}} |
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* [[ |
* [[Edmond Papinot|Papinot, Edmond]]. (1906) ''Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du japon''. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.[http://www.unterstein.net/Toyoashihara-no-Chiaki-Nagaioaki-no-Mitsuho-no-Kuni/NobiliaireJapon.pdf ..Click link for digitized 1906 ''Nobiliaire du japon'' (2003)] |
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* Röhl, William. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=47yhjgB-XhgC& |
* Röhl, William. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=47yhjgB-XhgC&q=okubo+clan ''History of Law in Japan Since 1868''.] Leiden: [[Brill Publishers]]. {{ISBN|90-04-08591-2}} |
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* Sasaki, Suguru. (2002). ''Boshin sensō: haisha no Meiji ishin |
* Sasaki, Suguru. (2002). ''Boshin sensō: haisha no Meiji ishin''. Tokyo: Chūōkōron-shinsha |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [[National Diet Library]]: [http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/32.html Ōkubo Toshimichi, text and image] |
* [[National Diet Library]]: [http://www.ndl.go.jp/portrait/e/datas/32.html Ōkubo Toshimichi, text and image] |
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*{{ |
*{{in lang|ja}} [http://www2.harimaya.com/sengoku/html/okubo_k.html『Ōkubo-shi』on Harimaya.com] (23 Feb. 2008) |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Okubo Clan}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Okubo Clan}} |
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[[Category:Ōkubo clan| ]] |
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[[Category:Japanese clans]] |
[[Category:Japanese clans]] |
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| Ōkubo 大久保 | |
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Ōkubo clan mon
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| Home province | Mikawa |
| Parent house | Fujiwara clan via the Utsunomiya clan |
| Titles | daimyō, viscount |
| Founder | Ōkubo Tadatoshi |
| Final ruler | Ōkubo Tadayoshi (II) |
| Founding year | 15th century |
| Dissolution | still extant |
| Ruled until | 1873 (Abolition of the han system) |
| Cadet branches | four cadet branches to the Meiji Restoration |
The Ōkubo clan (Japanese: 大久保氏, Hepburn: Ōkubo-shi) were a samurai kin group which rose to prominence in the Sengoku period and the Edo periods.[1] Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the Ōkubo, as hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa clan, were classified as one of the fudai daimyō clans.[2]
The Ōkubo clan traces its origins to 16th century Mikawa Province.[2] The Ōkubo claimed descent from the Utsunomiya clan, descendants of Fujiwara no Michikane (955–995).[3] Ōkubo Tadatoshi (1499–1581) and his younger brother Ōkubo Tadakazu (1511–1583) were the first to abandon the Utaunomiya name for "Ōkubo". Both brothers were among the seven closest retainers of Matsudaira Hirotada, the father of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
The head of this clan, Ōkubo Tadanori line was ennobled as a viscount ("shishaku") in the kazoku peerage system.[3]
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