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* [[January 16]] – Peninsular War – [[Battle of Corunna]] in [[Galicia (Spain)]]: The British (under General Sir [[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]], who is killed) resist an attempt by the French (under [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Marshal Soult]]) to prevent them embarking. |
* [[January 16]] – Peninsular War – [[Battle of Corunna]] in [[Galicia (Spain)]]: The British (under General Sir [[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]], who is killed) resist an attempt by the French (under [[Jean-de-Dieu Soult|Marshal Soult]]) to prevent them embarking. |
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* [[February 3]] – The [[Illinois Territory]] is created from the western part of the [[Indiana Territory]]. |
* [[February 3]] – The [[Illinois Territory]] is created from the western part of the [[Indiana Territory]]. |
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* [[February 8]] – [[Franz I of Austria]] declares war on France. |
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* [[February 11]] – [[Robert Fulton]] patents the [[steamboat]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|title=Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809|work=Thinkfinity|publisher=Verizon|access-date=2011-04-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110724093727/http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|archive-date=July 24, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayinsci.com/F/Fulton_Robert/FultonPatents.htm|title=The Fulton Patents|work=Today in Science History|access-date=2011-04-15}}</ref> |
* [[February 11]] – [[Robert Fulton]] patents the [[steamboat]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|title=Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809|work=Thinkfinity|publisher=Verizon|access-date=2011-04-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110724093727/http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|archive-date=July 24, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayinsci.com/F/Fulton_Robert/FultonPatents.htm|title=The Fulton Patents|work=Today in Science History|access-date=2011-04-15}}</ref> |
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* [[February 12]] – [[Charles Darwin]] and [[Abraham Lincoln]] are born. |
* [[February 12]] – [[Charles Darwin]] and [[Abraham Lincoln]] are born. |
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* [[February 27]] – [[Action of 27 February 1809]]: Captain [[Bernard Dubourdieu]] captures [[HMS Proserpine (1807)|HMS ''Proserpine'']]. |
* [[February 27]] – [[Action of 27 February 1809]]: Captain [[Bernard Dubourdieu]] captures [[HMS Proserpine (1807)|HMS ''Proserpine'']]. |
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* [[March 1]] – The [[Embargo Act of 1807]] is repealed in the United States; the [[Non-Intercourse Act (1809)|Non-Intercourse Act]] replaces it. |
* [[March 1]] – The [[Embargo Act of 1807]] is repealed in the United States; the [[Non-Intercourse Act (1809)|Non-Intercourse Act]] replaces it. |
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* [[March 4]] – |
* [[March 4]] – [[First inauguration of James Madison|James Madison is sworn in]] as the fourth President of the United States. |
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* [[March 13]] – A military [[coup d'état|coup]] ousts [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]]; he is confined in [[Gripsholm Castle]]. |
* [[March 13]] – A military [[coup d'état|coup]] ousts [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]]; he is confined in [[Gripsholm Castle]]. |
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* [[March 29]] |
* [[March 29]] |
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** At the [[Diet of Porvoo]], Finland's [[Riksdag of the Estates|four Estates]] pledge allegiance to [[Alexander I of Russia]], commencing the secession of the future [[Grand Principality of Finland]] from [[Lands of Sweden|Sweden]]. The Emperor, in return, promises to retain and uphold former laws and privileges, as well as the dominant Lutheran religion. His pledge is later interpreted by the Finns as a confirmation of [[Swedish Constitution of 1772|constitutional laws]], which had, effectively, established [[Grand Principality of Finland|Finland]] as a separate state in real union with |
** At the [[Diet of Porvoo]], Finland's [[Riksdag of the Estates|four Estates]] pledge allegiance to [[Alexander I of Russia]], commencing the secession of the future [[Grand Principality of Finland]] from [[Lands of Sweden|Sweden]]. The Emperor, in return, promises to retain and uphold former laws and privileges, as well as the dominant Lutheran religion. His pledge is later interpreted by the Finns as a confirmation of [[Swedish Constitution of 1772|constitutional laws]], which had, effectively, established [[Grand Principality of Finland|Finland]] as a separate state in real union with [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. |
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** King [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]] abdicates after the [[Coup of 1809]] and is later exiled. |
** King [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]] abdicates after the [[Coup of 1809]] and is later exiled. |
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** Peninsular War – |
** Peninsular War – |
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* [[April 10]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – The [[War of the Fifth Coalition]] begins when forces of the [[Austrian Empire]] invade [[Bavaria]]. |
* [[April 10]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – The [[War of the Fifth Coalition]] begins when forces of the [[Austrian Empire]] invade [[Bavaria]]. |
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* [[April 11]]–[[April 15|15]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of the Basque Roads]]: The British [[Royal Navy]] defeats the French fleet in the mouth of the [[Charente (river)|Charente]], although officers on both sides face subsequent [[courts-martial]]. |
* [[April 11]]–[[April 15|15]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of the Basque Roads]]: The British [[Royal Navy]] defeats the French fleet in the mouth of the [[Charente (river)|Charente]], although officers on both sides face subsequent [[courts-martial]]. |
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| ⚫ | * [[April 18]] – The [[2,000 Guineas Stakes]] horse race is first run in England.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=243–244|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> |
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* [[April |
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* [[April 18]] – The [[2,000 Guineas Stakes]] horse race is first run in England.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan| |
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** [[Battle of Raszyn (1809)|Battle of Raszyn]]: The armies of the [[Austrian Empire]] are defeated by the [[Duchy of Warsaw]]. |
** [[Battle of Raszyn (1809)|Battle of Raszyn]]: The armies of the [[Austrian Empire]] are defeated by the [[Duchy of Warsaw]]. |
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** [[Battle of Teugen-Hausen]]: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the French and their Bavarian allies. |
** [[Battle of Teugen-Hausen]]: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the French and their Bavarian allies. |
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| ⚫ | * [[April 20]] – [[Battle of Abensberg]], [[Bavaria]]: [[Napoleon]] defeats Austria. |
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* [[April 22]] – [[Battle of Eckmühl]]: French troops under Napoleon I and Marshal [[Louis-Nicolas Davout|Davout]] defeat the Austrians, under [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles]]. |
* [[April 22]] – [[Battle of Eckmühl]]: French troops under Napoleon I and Marshal [[Louis-Nicolas Davout|Davout]] defeat the Austrians, under [[Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen|Archduke Charles]]. |
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* [[May 3]] |
* [[May 3]] – The [[Battle of Nimla (1809)|Battle of Nimla]] occurs, which allows [[Mahmud Shah Durrani]] to seize the [[Durrani Empire|Durrani throne]] from his brother, [[Shah Shuja Durrani]]. |
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* [[May 5]] |
* [[May 5]] |
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** [[Mary Kies]] is the first American woman to be awarded a [[patent]] (for a technique of weaving [[straw hat]]s with [[silk]] and [[yarn|thread]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkeis.htm|title=Mary Kies - Patenting Pioneer|access-date=2007-05-14|work=About.com}}</ref> |
** [[Mary Kies]] is the first American woman to be awarded a [[patent]] (for a technique of weaving [[straw hat]]s with [[silk]] and [[yarn|thread]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkeis.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710071938/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkeis.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 10, 2012|title=Mary Kies - Patenting Pioneer|access-date=2007-05-14|work=About.com}}</ref> |
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** The [[Swiss canton]] of [[Aargau]] declares Jews citizens. |
** The [[Swiss canton]] of [[Aargau]] declares Jews citizens. |
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* [[May 10]] – [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]] is officially deposed from the Swedish throne, by the [[Riksdag of the Estates]]. |
* [[May 10]] – [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]] is officially deposed from the Swedish throne, by the [[Riksdag of the Estates]]. |
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* [[May 21]] – [[Battle of Aspern-Essling]]: Austrian troops under [[Archduke Karl]] beat the French under [[Napoleon]], in a hard-fought battle. |
* [[May 21]] – [[Battle of Aspern-Essling]]: Austrian troops under [[Archduke Karl]] beat the French under [[Napoleon]], in a hard-fought battle. |
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* [[May 24]] – [[HM Prison Dartmoor|Dartmoor Prison]] opens in England, to house French prisoners of war.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> |
* [[May 24]] – [[HM Prison Dartmoor|Dartmoor Prison]] opens in England, to house French prisoners of war.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> |
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* [[May 31]] – [[Mauritius campaign of 1809–11]] – [[Action of 31 May 1809]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]]: The [[French frigate Caroline (1806)|French frigate ''Caroline'']], operating from [[Isle de France (Mauritius)]], captures most of a British [[East India Company]] fleet |
* [[May 31]] – [[Mauritius campaign of 1809–11]] – [[Action of 31 May 1809]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]]: The [[French frigate Caroline (1806)|French frigate ''Caroline'']], operating from [[Isle de France (Mauritius)]], captures most of a British [[East India Company]] fleet; The famous composer [[Joseph Haydn]] dies in [[Vienna]] at age 77 following Napoleon’s second siege of Vienna |
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* [[June 6]] – Sweden promulgates a new [[Instrument of Government (1809)|Instrument of Government]], which restores political power to the [[Riksdag of the Estates]], after authoritarian rule since [[1772]]. On the same day, [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Duke Charles]] (uncle of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles XIII. |
* [[June 6]] – Sweden promulgates a new [[Instrument of Government (1809)|Instrument of Government]], which restores political power to the [[Riksdag of the Estates]], after authoritarian rule since [[1772]]. On the same day, [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Duke Charles]] (uncle of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles XIII. |
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* [[June 7]] – [[Shoja Shah]] of the [[Durrani Empire]] signs a treaty with the British; only weeks later, he is succeeded by [[Mahmud Shah Durrani|Mahmud Shah]]. |
* [[June 7]] – [[Shoja Shah]] of the [[Durrani Empire]] signs a treaty with the British; only weeks later, he is succeeded by [[Mahmud Shah Durrani|Mahmud Shah]]. |
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=== July–September === |
=== July–September === |
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[[File:Lord Castlereagh Marquess of Londonderry.jpg|thumb|''[[Lord Castlereagh (painting)|Lord Castlereagh]]'' by [[Thomas Lawrence]]. The Irish politician fought a duel with his colleague [[George Canning]] on [[Putney Heath]].]] |
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* [[July 5]]–[[July 6|6]] – [[Battle of Wagram]]: [[Napoleon]] defeats the Austrians. |
* [[July 5]]–[[July 6|6]] – [[Battle of Wagram]]: [[Napoleon]] defeats the Austrians. |
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* [[July 6]] – French troops arrest [[Pope Pius VII]], and take him to [[Liguria]]. |
* [[July 6]] – French troops arrest [[Pope Pius VII]], and take him to [[Liguria]]. |
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* [[October 11]] – Along the [[Natchez Trace]] in [[Tennessee]], explorer [[Meriwether Lewis]] dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand. |
* [[October 11]] – Along the [[Natchez Trace]] in [[Tennessee]], explorer [[Meriwether Lewis]] dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand. |
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* [[October 14]] – The [[Treaty of Schönbrunn]] cedes the [[Illyrian Provinces]] to France. |
* [[October 14]] – The [[Treaty of Schönbrunn]] cedes the [[Illyrian Provinces]] to France. |
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* [[October 25]] The [[Golden Jubilee of George III]] marked the forty-ninth anniversary of the accession of King [[George III]] and his entrance into the 50th year of his reign as King of Great Britain. |
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* [[November 18]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Action of 18 November 1809]] – In the [[Bay of Bengal]], a French [[frigate]] squadron captures three British [[East Indiamen]] mainly carrying recruits for the [[presidency armies]] in India. |
* [[November 18]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Action of 18 November 1809]] – In the [[Bay of Bengal]], a French [[frigate]] squadron captures three British [[East Indiamen]] mainly carrying recruits for the [[presidency armies]] in India. |
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* [[November 19]] – [[Battle of Ocaña]]: A Spanish army is ridden down, and 4,000 are killed and wounded by French forces. |
* [[November 19]] – [[Battle of Ocaña]]: A Spanish army is ridden down, and 4,000 are killed and wounded by French forces. |
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* [[November 21]] – First stone laid of first '[[guided bus]]' passenger wagonway [[Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad]]. |
* [[November 21]] – First stone laid of first '[[guided bus]]' passenger wagonway [[Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad]]. |
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* [[November 25]] – [[Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat)|Benjamin Bathurst]], a British [[diplomat]], mysteriously disappears (possibly murdered) in [[Perleberg]], west of Berlin. |
* [[November 25]] – [[Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat)|Benjamin Bathurst]], a British [[diplomat]], mysteriously disappears (possibly murdered) in [[Perleberg]], west of Berlin. |
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* [[December]] – [[Boyd massacre|''Boyd'' massacre]]: [[Whangaroa]] [[Māori people]] kill and eat 66 crew and passengers of the [[brigantine]] ''Boyd'' in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite |
* [[December]] – [[Boyd massacre|''Boyd'' massacre]]: [[Whangaroa]] [[Māori people]] kill and eat 66 crew and passengers of the [[brigantine]] ''Boyd'' in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news|title=The ''Boyd'' incident - a frontier of chaos?|url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/maori-european-contact-before-1840/the-boyd-incident|work=New Zealand History online|publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|date=2011-12-07|access-date=2012-03-03|archive-date=June 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610130346/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/maori-european-contact-before-1840/the-boyd-incident|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* [[December 25]] – American physician [[Ephraim McDowell]] performs the first ovariotomy, removing a 22-pound tumor. |
* [[December 25]] – American physician [[Ephraim McDowell]] performs the first ovariotomy, removing a 22-pound tumor. |
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* [[December 26]] – A British invasion force leaves [[Vlissingen]]. |
* [[December 26]] – A British invasion force leaves [[Vlissingen]]. |
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=== January–June === |
=== January–June === |
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{{multiple image |
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[[File:Edgar Allan Poe, circa 1849, restored, squared off.jpg|thumb| |
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| image1 = Abraham Lincoln head on shoulders photo portrait.jpg |
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[[File:Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Charles Darwin]]]] |
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| image2 = Charles Darwin 1880.jpg |
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| footer = Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin, b. February 12, 1809 |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Edgar Allan Poe, circa 1849, restored, squared off.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Edgar Allan Poe]]]] |
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[[File:Empress sin-jung-ik2.PNG|thumb|100px|right|[[Queen Sinjeong]]]] |
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| ⚫ | [[File:Mendelssohn Bartholdy.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Felix Mendelssohn]]]] |
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[[File:Georges-Eugène Haussmann - BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]]]] |
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* [[January 1]] – [[Cao Bá Quát]], Vietnamese poet (d. [[1855]]) |
* [[January 1]] – [[Cao Bá Quát]], Vietnamese poet (d. [[1855]]) |
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* [[January 4]] – [[Louis Braille]], French teacher, inventor of [[braille]] (d. [[1852]]) |
* [[January 4]] – [[Louis Braille]], French teacher, inventor of [[braille]] (d. [[1852]]) |
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* [[January 19]] – [[Edgar Allan Poe]], American writer, poet (d. [[1849]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Henry Ingram|title=Edgar Allan Poe: His Life, Letters, and Opinions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8dEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA449|year=1891|publisher=Ward, Lock, Bowden|pages=449}}</ref> |
* [[January 19]] – [[Edgar Allan Poe]], American writer, poet (d. [[1849]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Henry Ingram|title=Edgar Allan Poe: His Life, Letters, and Opinions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8dEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA449|year=1891|publisher=Ward, Lock, Bowden|pages=449}}</ref> |
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* [[January 21]] – [[Queen Sinjeong]], Korean regent (d. [[1890]]) |
* [[January 21]] – [[Queen Sinjeong]], Korean regent (d. [[1890]]) |
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* [[February 1]] – [[Sophia Crichton-Stuart, Marchioness of Bute]], Scottish philanthropist (d. [[1859]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gentleman's Magazine|publisher=F. Jefferies|year=1860|page=181}}</ref> |
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* [[February 3]] – [[Felix Mendelssohn]], German composer (d. [[1847]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Conway|first=David|title=Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-107-01538-8|page=194}}</ref> |
* [[February 3]] – [[Felix Mendelssohn]], German composer (d. [[1847]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Conway|first=David|title=Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-107-01538-8|page=194}}</ref> |
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* [[February 12]] |
* [[February 12]] |
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** [[Charles Darwin]], British naturalist (d. 1882)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Desmond|first=Adrian J.|title=Charles Darwin|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=13 September 2002|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin|access-date=11 February 2018|archive-date=6 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206114419/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin|url-status=live}}</ref> |
** [[Charles Darwin]], British naturalist (d. [[1882]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Desmond|first=Adrian J.|title=Charles Darwin|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=13 September 2002|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin|access-date=11 February 2018|archive-date=6 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206114419/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Darwin|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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** [[Abraham Lincoln]], 16th President of the United States (d. [[1865]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Donald|first=David Herbert|author-link=David Herbert Donald|year=1996|title=Lincoln|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York, New York|url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=fuTY3mxs9awC}}|isbn=978-0-684-82535-9|pages=20–22}}</ref> |
** [[Abraham Lincoln]], 16th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1865]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Donald|first=David Herbert|author-link=David Herbert Donald|year=1996|title=Lincoln|publisher=Simon and Schuster|location=New York, New York|url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=fuTY3mxs9awC}}|isbn=978-0-684-82535-9|pages=20–22}}</ref> |
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* [[February 15]] – [[Cyrus McCormick]], American inventor (d. [[1884]]) |
* [[February 15]] – [[Cyrus McCormick]], American inventor (d. [[1884]]) |
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* [[February 23]] – [[William Sprague (Michigan politician)|William Sprague]], American minister and politician from Michigan (d. [[1868]]) |
* [[February 23]] – [[William Sprague (Michigan politician)|William Sprague]], American minister and politician from Michigan (d. [[1868]]) |
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* [[February 24]] – [[Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel]], Prussian field marshal (d. [[1885]]) |
* [[February 24]] – [[Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel]], Prussian field marshal (d. [[1885]]) |
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* [[March 1]] – [[Robert Cornelius]], [[Americans|American]] pioneer of photography (d [[1893]])<ref>{{cite book|title=American Journal of Photography, Volume 14|year=1893|publisher=Thos. H. McCollin & Company|page=420}}</ref> |
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* [[March 2]] – [[Abel Douay]], French general (d. [[1870]]) |
* [[March 2]] – [[Abel Douay]], French general (d. [[1870]]) |
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* [[March 15]] – [[Joseph Jenkins Roberts]], 2-time President of Liberia (d. [[1876]]) |
* [[March 15]] – [[Joseph Jenkins Roberts]], 2-time President of Liberia (d. [[1876]]) |
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* [[March 23]] – [[Charlotte von Hagn]], German actress (d. [[1891]])<ref>{{in lang|de}} Ulrike von Hase-Schmundt: ''Joseph Stieler : 1781 – 1858. Sein Leben u. sein Werk. Krit. Verzeichnis d. Werke''. Prestel, München 1971, {{ISBN|3-7913-0340-6}}, S. 148 f</ref> |
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* [[March 24]] – [[Joseph Liouville]], French mathematician (d. [[1882]]) |
* [[March 24]] – [[Joseph Liouville]], French mathematician (d. [[1882]]) |
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* [[March 27]] – [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]], French civic planner (d. [[1891]]) |
* [[March 27]] – [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]], French civic planner (d. [[1891]]) |
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* [[March 29]] – [[Bettino Ricasoli]], Italian statesman (d. [[1880]]) |
* [[March 29]] – [[Bettino Ricasoli]], Italian statesman (d. [[1880]]) |
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* [[April 1]] – [[Nikolai Gogol]], Russian writer (d. [[1852]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas Worrall|title=Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|date=4 November 1982|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-349-16917-7|pages=2}}</ref> |
* [[April 1]] – [[Nikolai Gogol]], Russian writer (d. [[1852]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas Worrall|title=Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2|date=4 November 1982|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|isbn=978-1-349-16917-7|pages=2}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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* [[April 15]] – [[Hermann Grassmann]], Prussian mathematician (d. [[1877]]) |
* [[April 15]] – [[Hermann Grassmann]], Prussian mathematician (d. [[1877]]) |
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* [[April 20]] – [[James David Forbes]], Scottish physicist, geologist, inventor (d. [[1868]]) |
* [[April 20]] – [[James David Forbes]], Scottish physicist, geologist, inventor (d. [[1868]]) |
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| ⚫ |
* [[ |
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* [[May 22]] – [[Constantin A. Crețulescu]], 7th Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1884]]) |
* [[May 22]] – [[Constantin A. Crețulescu]], 7th Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1884]]) |
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* [[May 23]] – [[Hugo von Kirchbach]], Prussian general (d. [[1887]]) |
* [[May 23]] – [[Hugo von Kirchbach]], Prussian general (d. [[1887]]) |
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* [[June 18]] – [[Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch]], American minister, hymn writer (d [[1870]]) |
* [[June 18]] – [[Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch]], American minister, hymn writer (d [[1870]]) |
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* [[June 20]] – [[Isaak August Dorner]], German theologian (d. [[1884]]) |
* [[June 20]] – [[Isaak August Dorner]], German theologian (d. [[1884]]) |
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* [[June 21]] – [[Wilhelm Wolff]], German political activist (d. [[1864]]) |
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* [[June 27]] – [[François Certain de Canrobert]], French general, [[Marshal of France]] (d. [[1895]]) |
* [[June 27]] – [[François Certain de Canrobert]], French general, [[Marshal of France]] (d. [[1895]]) |
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=== July–December === |
=== July–December === |
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[[File: |
[[File:Elliott & Fry - Alfred, Lord Tennyson (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]]]] |
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[[File:Fanny Kemble.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Fanny Kemble]]]] |
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[[File:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr c1879.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.]]]] |
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[[File:William Ewart Gladstone, 1892 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[William Gladstone]]]] |
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* [[July 2]] – [[John R. Goldsborough]], United States Navy commodore (d. [[1877]]) |
* [[July 2]] – [[John R. Goldsborough]], United States Navy commodore (d. [[1877]]) |
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* [[July 9]] – [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle]], German-Jewish anatomist, physician (d. [[1885]]) |
* [[July 9]] – [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle]], German-Jewish anatomist, physician (d. [[1885]]) |
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* [[August 6]] – [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]], British poet (d. [[1892]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Leslie|first=Stephen|author-link=Leslie Stephen|title=Studies of a Biographer|volume=2|year=1898|publisher=Duckworth and Co.|location=London|pages=196–240|chapter=[[s:en:Studies of a Biographer/Life of Tennyson|Life of Tennyson]]}}</ref> |
* [[August 6]] – [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]], British poet (d. [[1892]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Leslie|first=Stephen|author-link=Leslie Stephen|title=Studies of a Biographer|volume=2|year=1898|publisher=Duckworth and Co.|location=London|pages=196–240|chapter=[[s:en:Studies of a Biographer/Life of Tennyson|Life of Tennyson]]}}</ref> |
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* [[August 8]] – [[Heinrich Abeken]], German theologian (d. [[1872]]) |
* [[August 8]] – [[Heinrich Abeken]], German theologian (d. [[1872]]) |
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* [[August 27]] – [[Hannibal Hamlin]], [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|15th]] [[Vice President of the United States]], American politician (d. [[1891]]) |
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* [[August 29]] – [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.]], American physician, writer (d. [[1894]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John R. Shook|title=Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&pg=PA1148|date=1 January 2005|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-84371-037-0|pages=1148}}</ref> |
* [[August 29]] – [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.]], American physician, writer (d. [[1894]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John R. Shook|title=Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ijpj1tB3Qr0C&pg=PA1148|date=1 January 2005|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-84371-037-0|pages=1148}}</ref> |
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* [[September 4]] – [[Manuel Montt]], 5th President of Chile (d. [[1880]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, with New Maps and Original American Articles by Eminent Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G78sAQAAMAAJ&pg=PT19|year=1895|publisher=Werner|pages=19}}</ref> |
* [[September 4]] – [[Manuel Montt]], 5th President of Chile (d. [[1880]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, with New Maps and Original American Articles by Eminent Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G78sAQAAMAAJ&pg=PT19|year=1895|publisher=Werner|pages=19}}</ref> |
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* [[September 12]] – [[Julius von Bose]], Prussian general (d. [[1894]]) |
* [[September 12]] – [[Julius von Bose]], Prussian general (d. [[1894]]) |
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* [[September 27]] – [[Raphael Semmes]], American and Confederate naval officer (d. [[1877]]) |
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* [[October 22]] – [[Volney E. Howard]], American politician (d. [[1889]]) |
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* [[November 4]] – [[Benjamin Robbins Curtis]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1874]]) |
* [[November 4]] – [[Benjamin Robbins Curtis]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1874]]) |
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* [[November 10]] – [[David Einhorn (rabbi)]], German-American abolitionist (d. [[1879]]) |
* [[November 10]] – [[David Einhorn (rabbi)]], German-American abolitionist (d. [[1879]]) |
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* [[November 20]] – [[Gustav Koerner]], German-born revolutionary, journalist, lawyer, politician, statesman of Illinois and Germany, Colonel of the U.S. Army (d. [[1896]]) |
* [[November 20]] – [[Gustav Koerner]], German-born revolutionary, journalist, lawyer, politician, statesman of Illinois and Germany, Colonel of the U.S. Army (d. [[1896]]) |
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* [[November 27]] – [[Fanny Kemble]], British-born American actress, writer (d. [[1893]]) |
* [[November 27]] – [[Fanny Kemble]], British-born American actress, writer (d. [[1893]]) |
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* [[December 5]] |
* [[December 5]] |
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** [[Edmond Le Bœuf]], French general, [[Marshal of France]] (d. [[1888]]) |
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** [[Minna Planer]], German actress (d. [[1866]])<ref>Gregor-Dellin, Martin (1983), ''Richard Wagner—His Life, His Work, His Century'', Harcourt. {{ISBN|978-0-15-177151-6}} Page 67</ref> |
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* [[December 24]] – [[Kit Carson]], American frontiersman (d. [[1868]]) |
* [[December 24]] – [[Kit Carson]], American frontiersman (d. [[1868]]) |
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* [[December 29]] – [[William Ewart Gladstone]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1898]])<ref>{{cite book|author=George William Erskine Russell|title=The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=748tAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1891|publisher=Harper & Brothers|pages=1}}</ref> |
* [[December 29]] – [[William Ewart Gladstone]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1898]])<ref>{{cite book|author=George William Erskine Russell|title=The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=748tAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1891|publisher=Harper & Brothers|pages=1}}</ref> |
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=== Date unknown === |
=== Date unknown === |
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* [[Ștefan Golescu]], 8th Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1874]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Radu Florescu|title=The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities: A Problem in Anglo-Turkish Diplomacy, 1821-1854|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PiAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Center for Romanian Studies, The Foundation for Romanian Culture and Studies|isbn=978-973-98091-3-9|page=204}}</ref> |
* [[Ștefan Golescu]], 8th Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1874]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Radu Florescu|title=The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities: A Problem in Anglo-Turkish Diplomacy, 1821-1854|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4PiAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Center for Romanian Studies, The Foundation for Romanian Culture and Studies|isbn=978-973-98091-3-9|page=204}}</ref> |
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* [[Samuel Ajayi Crowther]], 1st Black Anglican Bishop, pioneer linguist (d. [[1891]]) |
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* [[Henry K. Hoff]], American admiral (d. [[1878]]) |
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* [[Esther Leach]], English-Indian actress (d. [[1843]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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| Line 174: | Line 191: | ||
[[File:Marshall Lambert.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Daniel Lambert]]]] |
[[File:Marshall Lambert.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Daniel Lambert]]]] |
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* [[January 6]] – [[Johann Augustus Eberhard]], German theologian, philosopher (b. [[1739]]) |
* [[January 6]] – [[Johann Augustus Eberhard]], German theologian, philosopher (b. [[1739]]) |
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* [[January 16]] – [[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]], British general (killed in battle) (b. [[1761]]) |
* [[January 16]] – [[John Moore (British Army officer)|John Moore]], British general (killed in battle) (b. [[1761]])<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Moore, Sir John|volume= 18 | pages = 809–810 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}</ref> |
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* [[January 20]] – [[Thomson J. Skinner]], American politician (b. [[1752]]) |
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* [[February 6]] – [[Antoine Joseph Santerre]], French general (b. [[1752]]) |
* [[February 6]] – [[Antoine Joseph Santerre]], French general (b. [[1752]]) |
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* [[February 20]] – [[Richard Gough (antiquarian)|Richard Gough]], English antiquary (b. [[1735]]) |
* [[February 20]] – [[Richard Gough (antiquarian)|Richard Gough]], English antiquary (b. [[1735]]) |
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* [[February 25]] – [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore|John Murray]], 4th Earl of Dunmore (Lord Dunmore) |
* [[February 25]] – [[John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore|John Murray]], 4th Earl of Dunmore (Lord Dunmore)(b. [[1730]]) |
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* [[March 7]] – [[Johann Georg Albrechtsberger]], Austrian composer (b. [[1736]]) |
* [[March 7]] – [[Johann Georg Albrechtsberger]], Austrian composer (b. [[1736]]) |
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* [[March 11]] – [[Hannah Cowley (writer)|Hannah Cowley]], English dramatist and poet (b. [[1743]])<ref>{{cite book|author=William Harding|title=The History of Tiverton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQ45LXVF3_IC&pg=RA2-PA119|year=1845|pages=2}}</ref> |
* [[March 11]] – [[Hannah Cowley (writer)|Hannah Cowley]], English dramatist and poet (b. [[1743]])<ref>{{cite book|author=William Harding|title=The History of Tiverton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQ45LXVF3_IC&pg=RA2-PA119|year=1845|pages=2}}</ref> |
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* [[March 25]] – [[Anna Seward]], English writer (b. [[1747]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir John Benjamin Stone|title=A history of Lichfield Cathedral. With a description of its architecture and monuments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhIIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA104|year=1870|pages=104}}</ref> |
* [[March 25]] – [[Anna Seward]], English writer (b. [[1747]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir John Benjamin Stone|title=A history of Lichfield Cathedral. With a description of its architecture and monuments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhIIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA104|year=1870|pages=104}}</ref> |
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* [[March 27]] – [[Joseph-Marie Vien]], French painter (b. [[1716]]) |
* [[March 27]] – [[Joseph-Marie Vien]], French painter (b. [[1716]]) |
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| ⚫ | * [[April 6]] – [[Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours]], Swiss artist (b. [[1752]]) |
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* [[April 6]] |
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** [[Hardy Murfree]], American soldier (b. [[1752]]) |
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** [[Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours]], Swiss artist (b. [[1752]]) |
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* [[April 26]] – [[Bernhard Schott]], German music publisher (b. [[1748]])<ref>{{NDB |23|486|487|Schott, Peter Bernhard|Brück, Marion|118610546}}</ref> |
* [[April 26]] – [[Bernhard Schott]], German music publisher (b. [[1748]])<ref>{{NDB |23|486|487|Schott, Peter Bernhard|Brück, Marion|118610546}}</ref> |
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* [[May 13]] – [[Beilby Porteus]], English bishop, abolitionist (b. [[1731]]) |
* [[May 13]] – [[Beilby Porteus]], English bishop, abolitionist (b. [[1731]]) |
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| Line 216: | Line 230: | ||
* [[October 11]] – [[Meriwether Lewis]], American explorer (suicide) (b. [[1774]]) |
* [[October 11]] – [[Meriwether Lewis]], American explorer (suicide) (b. [[1774]]) |
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* [[October 30]] – [[William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1738]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland|author2=Charles Fairfax Murray|title=Catalogue of the Pictures Belonging to His Grace the Duke of Portland: At Welbeck Abbey, and in London. 1894|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ENCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA10|year=1894|publisher=Pr. at the Chiswick Press|pages=10}}</ref> |
* [[October 30]] – [[William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1738]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland|author2=Charles Fairfax Murray|title=Catalogue of the Pictures Belonging to His Grace the Duke of Portland: At Welbeck Abbey, and in London. 1894|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ENCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA10|year=1894|publisher=Pr. at the Chiswick Press|pages=10}}</ref> |
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* [[November 9]] – [[Paul Sandby]], English cartographer, painter (b. [[1725]]) |
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* [[November 28]] – [[Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres]], German [[lepidopterist]] (b. [[1769]]) |
* [[November 28]] – [[Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres]], German [[lepidopterist]] (b. [[1769]]) |
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* [[December 16]] – [[Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy]], French chemist (b. [[1755]]) |
* [[December 16]] – [[Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy]], French chemist (b. [[1755]]) |
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: |
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| Decades: |
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| Years: |
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| 1809 by topic |
|---|
| Humanities |
| By country |
| Other topics |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
|
|
| Gregorian calendar | 1809 MDCCCIX |
| Ab urbe condita | 2562 |
| Armenian calendar | 1258 ԹՎ ՌՄԾԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6559 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1730–1731 |
| Bengali calendar | 1216 |
| Berber calendar | 2759 |
| British Regnal year | 49 Geo. 3 – 50 Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2353 |
| Burmese calendar | 1171 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7317–7318 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 4506 or 4299 — to — 己巳年 (Earth Snake) 4507 or 4300 |
| Coptic calendar | 1525–1526 |
| Discordian calendar | 2975 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1801–1802 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5569–5570 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1865–1866 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1730–1731 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4909–4910 |
| Holocene calendar | 11809 |
| Igbo calendar | 809–810 |
| Iranian calendar | 1187–1188 |
| Islamic calendar | 1223–1224 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunka6 (文化6年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1735–1736 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4142 |
| Minguo calendar | 103 before ROC 民前103年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 341 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2351–2352 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土龙年 (male Earth-Dragon) 1935 or 1554 or 782 — to — 阴土蛇年 (female Earth-Snake) 1936 or 1555 or 783 |
1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1809th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 809th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1809, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Authority control databases: National  |
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