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* [[February 13]] – The first Chilean newspaper ''[[Aurora de Chile]]'' deals with political philosophy, and stands in favor of the new national government. |
* [[February 13]] – The first Chilean newspaper ''[[Aurora de Chile]]'' deals with political philosophy, and stands in favor of the new national government. |
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* [[February 27]] |
* [[February 27]] |
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** [[Argentine War of Independence]]: [[Manuel Belgrano]] raises the [[Flag of Argentina]] (which he designed) in the city of [[ |
** [[Argentine War of Independence]]: [[Manuel Belgrano]] raises the [[Flag of Argentina]] (which he designed) in the city of [[Rosario]], for the first time. |
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** English poet [[Lord Byron]] gives his first address as a member of the British [[House of Lords]], in defense of [[Luddite]] violence against [[industrialism]], in his home county of [[Nottinghamshire]]. |
** English poet [[Lord Byron]] gives his first address as a member of the British [[House of Lords]], in defense of [[Luddite]] violence against [[industrialism]], in his home county of [[Nottinghamshire]]. |
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* [[February 24]] – Prussia and France sign the [[Treaty of Paris (24 February 1812)|Treaty of Paris]]. |
* [[February 24]] – Prussia and France sign the [[Treaty of Paris (24 February 1812)|Treaty of Paris]]. |
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* [[June 16]] – New York State charters the City Bank of New York (later [[Citibank]]). |
* [[June 16]] – New York State charters the City Bank of New York (later [[Citibank]]). |
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* [[June 18]] – The [[War of 1812]] between the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom begins with [[United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom|US declaration]]. |
* [[June 18]] – The [[War of 1812]] between the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom begins with [[United States declaration of war upon the United Kingdom|US declaration]]. |
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* [[June 22]] – France [[1812 French declaration of war on Russia|declared war on Russia]]. |
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* [[June 24]] – [[Napoleon]]'s [[Grande Armée]] crosses the [[Neman River]], and [[French invasion of Russia|invades Russia]]. |
* [[June 24]] – [[Napoleon]]'s [[Grande Armée]] crosses the [[Neman River]], and [[French invasion of Russia|invades Russia]]. |
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* [[July 12]] – Americans invade Canada at [[Windsor, Ontario]]. |
* [[July 12]] – Americans invade Canada at [[Windsor, Ontario]]. |
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* [[July 18]] – [[Russia's Patriotic War]] – [[Battle of Klyastitsy]]: [[Yakov Kulnev|Kulnev]] defeats [[Nicolas Oudinot|Oudinot]], but sustains a mortal wound. |
* [[July 18]] – [[Russia's Patriotic War]] – [[Battle of Klyastitsy]]: [[Yakov Kulnev|Kulnev]] defeats [[Nicolas Oudinot|Oudinot]], but sustains a mortal wound. |
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* [[July 19]] – [[Beethoven]] and [[Goethe]] meet each other |
* [[July 19]] – [[Beethoven]] and [[Goethe]] meet each other in [[Teplice]], [[Bohemia]]. |
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* [[July 22]] – [[Peninsular War]] – [[Battle of Salamanca]]: British forces led by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|the Earl of Wellington]] defeat French troops near [[Salamanca]], Spain. |
* [[July 22]] – [[Peninsular War]] – [[Battle of Salamanca]]: British forces led by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|the Earl of Wellington]] defeat French troops near [[Salamanca]], Spain. |
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* [[August 5]] – [[War of 1812]]: [[Tecumseh]]'s [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] force ambushes [[Thomas Van Horne]]'s 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat. |
* [[August 5]] – [[War of 1812]]: [[Tecumseh]]'s [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] force ambushes [[Thomas Van Horne]]'s 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat. |
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* [[August 19]] – [[War of 1812]]: {{USS|Constitution}} [[USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere|defeats]] the British [[frigate]] {{HMS|Guerriere|1806|2}}, off the coast of [[Nova Scotia]]. The British shot is said to have bounced off ''Constitution''{{'}}s sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides". |
* [[August 19]] – [[War of 1812]]: {{USS|Constitution}} [[USS Constitution vs HMS Guerriere|defeats]] the British [[frigate]] {{HMS|Guerriere|1806|2}}, off the coast of [[Nova Scotia]]. The British shot is said to have bounced off ''Constitution''{{'}}s sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides". |
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* [[September 7]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[French invasion of Russia]] – [[Battle of Borodino]]: The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars ends in a [[tactical victory]] for Napoleon. There are at least 70,000 casualties, with a minimum of 6,562 dead from the French [[Grande Armée]] alone. |
* [[September 7]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[French invasion of Russia]] – [[Battle of Borodino]]: The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars ends in a [[tactical victory]] for Napoleon. There are at least 70,000 casualties, with a minimum of 6,562 dead from the French [[Grande Armée]] alone. |
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* [[September 14]] – [[French invasion of Russia]] and [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|Fire of Moscow]]: [[Napoleon]]'s troops enter Moscow, which is deliberately set [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|on fire]] by Muscovites, on orders of [[Fyodor Rostopchin]]. Later accounts report that France lost 40,000 troops during four days of fire between September 17 and 20, and that 20,000 Russian soldiers were killed in what would be described in 1876 as "the greatest example in history of national self-sacrifice for the destruction of an invader."<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) |
* [[September 14]] – [[French invasion of Russia]] and [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|Fire of Moscow]]: [[Napoleon]]'s troops enter Moscow, which is deliberately set [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|on fire]] by Muscovites, on orders of [[Fyodor Rostopchin]]. Later accounts report that France lost 40,000 troops during four days of fire between September 17 and 20, and that 20,000 Russian soldiers were killed in what would be described in 1876 as "the greatest example in history of national self-sacrifice for the destruction of an invader."<ref name=Fires>"Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p. 67</ref> |
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=== October–December === |
=== October–December === |
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* [[November 3]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Vyazma]]: The rearguard of Napoleon's retreating army is defeated. |
* [[November 3]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Vyazma]]: The rearguard of Napoleon's retreating army is defeated. |
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* [[November 5]] – [[1812 United States presidential election]]: [[James Madison]] defeats [[DeWitt Clinton]]. |
* [[November 5]] – [[1812 United States presidential election]]: [[James Madison]] defeats [[DeWitt Clinton]]. |
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* [[November 10]] – [[1812 United Kingdom general election]]: The [[Tory]] Party is victorious, under [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool]]. |
* [[November 10]] – [[1812 United Kingdom general election]]: The [[Tories (British political party)|Tory]] Party is victorious, under [[Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool]]. |
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* [[November 15]]–[[November 18|18]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Krasnoi]]: Napoleon's retreating army is again defeated in a series of skirmishes. |
* [[November 15]]–[[November 18|18]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Krasnoi]]: Napoleon's retreating army is again defeated in a series of skirmishes. |
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* [[December 8]] – The M6.9–7.5 [[1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake|San Juan Capistrano earthquake]] affects [[Alta California]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VII (''Very strong'') to IX (''Violent''), killing 40 parishioners at [[Mission San Juan Capistrano]]. |
* [[December 8]] – The M6.9–7.5 [[1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake|San Juan Capistrano earthquake]] affects [[Alta California]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VII (''Very strong'') to IX (''Violent''), killing 40 parishioners at [[Mission San Juan Capistrano]]. |
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* [[May 6]] – [[Madame Restell]], American abortion provider (d. [[1878]]) |
* [[May 6]] – [[Madame Restell]], American abortion provider (d. [[1878]]) |
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* [[May 7]] – [[Robert Browning]], English poet (d. [[1889]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Bryson|title=Robert Browning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtjXAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=British Council and the National Book League|isbn=978-0-582-01106-9|page=5}}</ref> |
* [[May 7]] – [[Robert Browning]], English poet (d. [[1889]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Bryson|title=Robert Browning|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtjXAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=British Council and the National Book League|isbn=978-0-582-01106-9|page=5}}</ref> |
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* [[May 12]] – [[Edward Lear]], English artist, nonsense poet (d. [[1888]])<ref>{{cite book|title= |
* [[May 12]] – [[Edward Lear]], English artist, nonsense poet (d. [[1888]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Lehmann|title=Edward Lear and his World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0yL9jd5mxkMC|year=1977|page=10}}</ref> |
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* [[June 9]] – [[Johann Gottfried Galle]], German astronomer (d. [[1910]]) |
* [[June 9]] – [[Johann Gottfried Galle]], German astronomer (d. [[1910]]) |
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* [[June 13]] – [[Gustavus H. Scott]], American admiral (d. [[1882]]) |
* [[June 13]] – [[Gustavus H. Scott]], American admiral (d. [[1882]]) |
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* [[November 14]] – [[Aleardo Aleardi]], Italian poet (d. [[1878]]) |
* [[November 14]] – [[Aleardo Aleardi]], Italian poet (d. [[1878]]) |
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* [[November 19]] – [[Edmond Jurien de La Gravière]], French admiral, naval historian, and biographer (d. [[1892]]) |
* [[November 19]] – [[Edmond Jurien de La Gravière]], French admiral, naval historian, and biographer (d. [[1892]]) |
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* [[December 6]] – [[Ana María Martínez de Nisser]], Colombian heroine |
* [[December 6]] – [[Ana María Martínez de Nisser]], Colombian heroine and writer (d. [[1872]]) |
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* [[December 8]] – [[Henry Varnum Poor]], American financial analyst (d. [[1905]]) |
* [[December 8]] – [[Henry Varnum Poor]], American financial analyst (d. [[1905]]) |
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* [[December 14]] – [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning]], British Viceroy of India (d. [[1862]]) |
* [[December 14]] – [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning]], British Viceroy of India (d. [[1862]]) |
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* [[December 17]] – [[Vilhelm Petersen (painter)|Vilhelm Petersen]], Danish painter (d. [[1880]]) |
* [[December 17]] – [[Vilhelm Petersen (painter)|Vilhelm Petersen]], Danish painter (d. [[1880]]) |
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* [[December 24]] – [[Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal]], German jurist (d. [[1894]]) |
* [[December 24]] – [[Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal]], German jurist (d. [[1894]]) |
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=== Date unknown === |
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* [[Louis du Couret]], French explorer, military officer, and writer (d. [[1867]])<ref name="WDL">{{cite book |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11762/ |title = Life in the Desert, or, Recollections of Travel in Asia and Africa |via = [[World Digital Library]] |year = 1860 |access-date = 2013-09-23 }}</ref> |
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* [[Mohan Lal (Zutshi)]], Indian traveler (d. [[1877]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[March 7]] – [[Isaac Swainson]], English botanist (b. [[1746]]) |
* [[March 7]] – [[Isaac Swainson]], English botanist (b. [[1746]]) |
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* [[March 11]] – [[Philip James de Loutherbourg]], English artist (b. [[1740]]) |
* [[March 11]] – [[Philip James de Loutherbourg]], English artist (b. [[1740]]) |
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* [[March 18]] – [[John Horne Tooke]], English politician and philologist (b. [[1736]]) |
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* [[April 14]] – [[William Nicholas (officer)]], English army officer, at the [[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|Siege of Badajoz]] (b. [[1785]]) |
* [[April 14]] – [[William Nicholas (officer)]], English army officer, at the [[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|Siege of Badajoz]] (b. [[1785]]) |
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* [[April 15]] – [[Michael Atkins]], Irish actor and theatre manager (b. [[1746]]) |
* [[April 15]] – [[Michael Atkins]], Irish actor and theatre manager (b. [[1746]]) |
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* [[April 20]] – [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]], [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|4th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1739]]) |
* [[April 20]] – [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]], [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|4th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1739]]) |
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* [[April 25]] – [[Edmond Malone]], Irish scholar (b. [[1741]]) |
* [[April 25]] – [[Edmond Malone]], Irish scholar (b. [[1741]]) |
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* [[May 11]] – [[Spencer Perceval]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (assassinated) (b. [[1762]]) |
* [[May 11]] – [[Spencer Perceval]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] ([[Assassination of Spencer Perceval|assassinated]]) (b. [[1762]]) |
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* [[May 12]] |
* [[May 12]] |
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** [[Martha Ballard]], American diarist and midwife (b. [[1734]] or [[1735]]) |
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** [[Charles Sturt (1763–1812)|Charles Sturt]], English politician (b. [[1763]]) |
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* [[May 18]] – [[John Bellingham]], British assassin of Spencer Perceval (b. [[1769]]) |
* [[May 18]] – [[John Bellingham]], British assassin of Spencer Perceval (b. [[1769]]) |
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* [[May 27]] – [[Manuela Gandarillas]], Bolivian freedom fighter (born c. 1740s)<ref>[http://www.oas.org/en/americas/default.asp ''Américas''], vol.52, pp.28, 31, Organization of American States, 2000.</ref> |
* [[May 27]] – [[Manuela Gandarillas]], Bolivian freedom fighter (born c. 1740s)<ref>[http://www.oas.org/en/americas/default.asp ''Américas''], vol.52, pp.28, 31, Organization of American States, 2000.</ref> |
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* [[July 4]] – [[Victurnien-Jean-Baptiste de Rochechouart de Mortemart]], French general and politician (b. [[1752]]) |
* [[July 4]] – [[Victurnien-Jean-Baptiste de Rochechouart de Mortemart]], French general and politician (b. [[1752]]) |
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* [[August 1]] – [[Yakov Kulnev]], |
* [[August 1]] – [[Yakov Kulnev]], Russian military leader (b. [[1763]]). |
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| ⚫ | * [[August 12]] – [[Anna Strong (spy)|Anna Strong]], Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (b. [[1740]]) |
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* [[August 12]] |
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| ⚫ |
* |
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**[[William Booth (forger)|William Booth]], English farmer, hung for forgery (baptised 1776) |
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* [[August 30]] – [[George Mathews (Georgia)|George Mathews]], American army officer and politician (b. [[1739]]) |
* [[August 30]] – [[George Mathews (Georgia)|George Mathews]], American army officer and politician (b. [[1739]]) |
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* [[September 13]] – [[Leonardo Bravo (general officer)|Leonardo Bravo]], Mexican general who fought in the [[Mexican War of Independence]], father of [[Nicolas Bravo]], executed (b. [[1764]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mexicolindoyquerido.com.mx/mexico2/science/60-biografias-de-la-independencia-de-mexico/1753-biografia-de-leonardo-bravo|title=Biografía de Leonardo Bravo|date=April 25, 2017|access-date=May 31, 2019|publisher=Mexico Lindo y Querido|language=es}}</ref> |
* [[September 13]] – [[Leonardo Bravo (general officer)|Leonardo Bravo]], Mexican general who fought in the [[Mexican War of Independence]], father of [[Nicolas Bravo]], executed (b. [[1764]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mexicolindoyquerido.com.mx/mexico2/science/60-biografias-de-la-independencia-de-mexico/1753-biografia-de-leonardo-bravo|title=Biografía de Leonardo Bravo|date=April 25, 2017|access-date=May 31, 2019|publisher=Mexico Lindo y Querido|language=es}}</ref> |
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This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: |
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| Decades: |
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| Years: |
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| 1812 by topic |
|---|
| Humanities |
| By country |
| Other topics |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
|
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| Gregorian calendar | 1812 MDCCCXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2565 |
| Armenian calendar | 1261 ԹՎ ՌՄԿԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6562 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1733–1734 |
| Bengali calendar | 1219 |
| Berber calendar | 2762 |
| British Regnal year | 52 Geo. 3 – 53 Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2356 |
| Burmese calendar | 1174 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7320–7321 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 4509 or 4302 — to — 壬申年 (Water Monkey) 4510 or 4303 |
| Coptic calendar | 1528–1529 |
| Discordian calendar | 2978 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1804–1805 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5572–5573 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1868–1869 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1733–1734 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4912–4913 |
| Holocene calendar | 11812 |
| Igbo calendar | 812–813 |
| Iranian calendar | 1190–1191 |
| Islamic calendar | 1226–1227 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunka9 (文化9年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1738–1739 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4145 |
| Minguo calendar | 100 before ROC 民前100年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 344 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2354–2355 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金羊年 (female Iron-Goat) 1938 or 1557 or 785 — to — 阳水猴年 (male Water-Monkey) 1939 or 1558 or 786 |
1812 (MDCCCXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1812th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 812th year of the 2nd millennium, the 12th year of the 19th century, and the 3rd year of the 1810s decade. As of the start of 1812, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
1812
