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{{Short description|Main-belt Asteroid}} |
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⚫ | |||
{{Infobox planet |
{{Infobox planet |
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| minorplanet = yes |
| minorplanet = yes |
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| background = #D6D6D6 |
| background = #D6D6D6 |
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| image = 182Elsa (Lightcurve Inversion).png |
| image = 182Elsa (Lightcurve Inversion).png |
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| |
| image_scale = |
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| caption = [[Lightcurve]]-based 3D-model of ''Elsa'' |
| caption = [[Lightcurve]]-based 3D-model of ''Elsa'' |
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| discovery_ref = |
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> |
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| discoverer = [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
| discoverer = [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
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| discovery_site = [[Austrian Naval Observatory|Austrian Naval Obs.]] |
| discovery_site = [[Austrian Naval Observatory|Austrian Naval Obs.]] |
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| discovered = 7 February 1878 |
| discovered = 7 February 1878 |
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| mpc_name = (182) Elsa |
| mpc_name = (182) Elsa |
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| alt_names = 1948 XS |
| alt_names = A878 CC; 1948 XS;<br/>1950 HY |
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| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}} |
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}} |
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| named_after = uncertain; various suggestions |
| named_after = uncertain; various suggestions<ref name="springer" /> |
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| mp_category = [[main-belt]] |
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Massalia family|Massalia]]<ref name="Ferret" />{{·}}[[Background asteroid|background]]<ref name="AstDys-object" />}} |
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| orbit_ref = |
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| epoch = 27 April 2019 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5) |
| epoch = 27 April 2019 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5) |
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| uncertainty = 0 |
| uncertainty = 0 |
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| rotation = {{val|80.088|0.002|ul=h}}<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /> |
| rotation = {{val|80.088|0.002|ul=h}}<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /> |
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| albedo = {{val|0.2083|0.045}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.209|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.21|0.08}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.2106|0.0603}}<ref name="WISE" /> |
| albedo = {{val|0.2083|0.045}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.209|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.21|0.08}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.2106|0.0603}}<ref name="WISE" /> |
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| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]] |
| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.862<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.425<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| abs_magnitude = 9.12<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />9.14<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|9.26|0.09}}<ref name="Harris-1980b" /><br />{{val|9.3|0.1}}<ref name="Harris-1992" /> |
| abs_magnitude = 9.12<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />9.14<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|9.26|0.09}}<ref name="Harris-1980b" /><br />{{val|9.3|0.1}}<ref name="Harris-1992" /> |
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}} |
}} |
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<ref name="springer">{{cite book |
<ref name="springer">{{cite book |
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|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (182) Elsa |
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|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |
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|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]] |
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]] |
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|chapter = (182) Elsa |
|chapter = (182) Elsa |
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|page = 31 |
|page = 31 |
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|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |
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|date = December 2014 |
|date = December 2014 |
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| |
|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |
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| |
|title = Asteroids IV |
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|pages = 297–321 |
|pages = 297–321 |
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|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |
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|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |
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|arxiv = 1502.01628|isbn = 9780816532131 |
|arxiv = 1502.01628|isbn = 9780816532131 |
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|s2cid = 119280014 |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |
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|arxiv = 1406.6645}}</ref> |
|arxiv = 1406.6645|s2cid = 119293330 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web |
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web |
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Line 216: | Line 218: | ||
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |
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|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |
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|arxiv = 1606.08923}}</ref> |
|arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |
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|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |
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|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |
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|access-date= 17 October 2019|doi-access= |
|access-date= 17 October 2019|doi-access= |
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}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=182 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref> |
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=182 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref> |
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|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 |
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|arxiv = 1109.6407}} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])</ref> |
|arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])</ref> |
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<ref name="Chang-2014a">{{cite journal |
<ref name="Chang-2014a">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = Chan-Kao |last1 = Chang |
|first1 = Chan-Kao |last1 = Chang |
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|first2 = Wing-Huen |last2 = Ip |
|first2 = Wing-Huen |last2 = Ip |author2-link = Ip Wing-huen |
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|first3 = Hsing-Wen |last3 = Lin |
|first3 = Hsing-Wen |last3 = Lin |
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|first4 = Yu-Chi |last4 = Cheng |
|first4 = Yu-Chi |last4 = Cheng |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/17 |
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/17 |
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|arxiv = 1405.1144 |
|arxiv = 1405.1144 |
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}}</ref> |
|s2cid = 51100134 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Harris-1980b">{{cite journal |
<ref name="Harris-1980b">{{cite journal |
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Line 361: | Line 363: | ||
|bibcode = 2009P&SS...57....1G |
|bibcode = 2009P&SS...57....1G |
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|doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2008.09.014 |
|doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2008.09.014 |
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|arxiv = 0810.1560}}</ref> |
|arxiv = 0810.1560|s2cid = 18929245 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Harris-1992">{{Cite journal |
<ref name="Harris-1992">{{Cite journal |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info]) |
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books |
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* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center |
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center |
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* {{JPL small body}} |
* {{JPL small body}} |
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{{Minor planets navigator |181 Eucharis |number=182 |183 Istria}} |
{{Minor planets navigator |181 Eucharis |number=182 |183 Istria}} |
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{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Elsa}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elsa}} |
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[[Category:Massalia asteroids|000182]] |
[[Category:Massalia asteroids|000182]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa]] |
[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa]] |
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[[Category:Minor planets named from literature]] |
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[[Category:Named minor planets]] |
[[Category:Named minor planets]] |
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[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)|000182]] |
[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)|000182]] |
![]()
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Elsa
| |
Discovery[1] | |
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Discovered by | J. Palisa |
Discovery site | Austrian Naval Obs. |
Discovery date | 7 February 1878 |
Designations | |
(182) Elsa | |
Pronunciation | /ˈɛlzə/ |
Named after | uncertain; various suggestions[2] |
A878 CC; 1948 XS; 1950 HY | |
main-belt[1][3] · (inner) Massalia[4] · background[5] | |
Orbital characteristics[3] | |
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 114.68 yr (41,886 d) |
Aphelion | 2.8656 AU |
Perihelion | 1.9657 AU |
2.4156 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.1863 |
3.75 yr (1,371 d) | |
282.09° | |
0° 15m45s / day | |
Inclination | 2.0054° |
107.18° | |
310.85° | |
Physical characteristics | |
43.68±4.1 km[6] 44.000±4.279 km[7] 44±0.1 km[8] 45.15±0.62 km[9] 45.72±7.82 km[10] | |
80.088±0.002 h[11] | |
0.2083±0.045[6] 0.209±0.007[9] 0.21±0.08[10] 0.2106±0.0603[7] | |
Tholen = S[3] SMASS = S[3][12] B–V = 0.862[3] U–B = 0.425[3] | |
9.12[1][3][6][7][9][12] 9.14[10] 9.26±0.09[13] 9.3±0.1[14] | |
Elsa (/ˈɛlzə/; minor planet designation: 182 Elsa) is a Massalia or background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers (27 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory in today's Croatia.[1] The S-type asteroid has a very long rotation period of 80 hours and likely an elongated shape.[12] The origin of its name is uncertain.[2]
Elsa is a member of the Massalia family (404),[4] a very large inner belt asteroid family consisting of stony asteroids.[15] In a different HCM-study, however, it has been found to be a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[5]
It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,371 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]
The origin of this minor planet's name is uncertain.[2] Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, Johann Palisa.[2] It may have been named after the character in the legend of Lohengrin perpetuated by Richard Wagner's opera of the same name.[citation needed] It may also refer to the Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.[2]
Elsa has been characterized as a common, stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification.[3]
The asteroid is a relatively slow rotator.[12] In 1980, its rotation period was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days.[13] In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites under the lead of Frederick Pilcher was used to build a complete lightcurve for the asteroid, which showed a period of 80.088±0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30±0.03inmagnitude. A possible companion has been proposed to explain the slow rotation.[11] Other period determinations gave similar results between 80.166 and 80.23 hours with an outlier by the Palomar Transient Factory.[16][17][18][a]
Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids, which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope.
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Elsa measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.196 and 0.2106.[19][20][6][7][9][10]
During 2002, Elsa was also observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44±10 km.[8]