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{{Short description|Main-belt Asteroid}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}} |
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{{Infobox planet |
{{Infobox planet |
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| minorplanet= yes |
| minorplanet = yes |
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| name = 182 Elsa |
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| background= #FFFFC0 |
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| background = #D6D6D6 |
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| name= 182 Elsa |
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| image= |
| image = 182Elsa (Lightcurve Inversion).png |
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| image_scale = |
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| caption= A three-dimensional model of 182 Elsa based on its light curve. |
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| caption = [[Lightcurve]]-based 3D-model of ''Elsa'' |
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| discoverer= [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
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| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /> |
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| discovered= 7 February 1878 |
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| |
| discoverer = [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
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| discovery_site = [[Austrian Naval Observatory|Austrian Naval Obs.]] |
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| orbit_ref= <ref name="JPL"/> |
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| discovered = 7 February 1878 |
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| semimajor= {{Convert|2.4161|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| mpc_name = (182) Elsa |
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| perihelion= {{Convert|1.9681|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| alt_names = A878 CC; 1948 XS;<br/>1950 HY |
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| aphelion= {{Convert|2.8641|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
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| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}} |
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| period= 3.76 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1371.7 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]]) |
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| named_after = uncertain; various suggestions<ref name="springer" /> |
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| inclination= 2.0045° |
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| mp_category = [[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Massalia family|Massalia]]<ref name="Ferret" />{{·}}[[Background asteroid|background]]<ref name="AstDys-object" />}} |
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| eccentricity= 0.18541 |
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| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| rotation= {{Convert|80.088|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name="JPL"/><ref name="Pilcher2009"/> |
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| epoch = 27 April 2019 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5) |
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| spectral_type= [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="icarus186_1_126"/> |
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| uncertainty = 0 |
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| abs_magnitude= 9.12 |
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| observation_arc = 114.68 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (41,886 d) |
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| albedo= {{val|0.2083|0.045}} |
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| aphelion = 2.8656 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] |
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| epoch= 31 July 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457600.5) |
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| perihelion = 1.9657 AU |
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| asc_node= 107.24° |
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| semimajor = 2.4156 AU |
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| arg_peri= 310.22° |
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| eccentricity = 0.1863 |
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| mean_anomaly= 20.444[[Degree (angle)|°]] |
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| period = 3.75 yr (1,371 d) |
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| mean_motion= {{Deg2DMS|0.26244|sup=ms}} / day |
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| mean_anomaly = {{val|282.09|ul=°}} |
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| observation_arc= 111.99 yr (40906 d) |
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| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2625|sup=ms}} / day |
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| uncertainty= 0 |
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| inclination = 2.0054° |
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| mean_radius= {{val|21.84|2.05}} [[Kilometre|km]] |
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| asc_node = 107.18° |
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| moid= {{Convert|0.979343|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| arg_peri = 310.85° |
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| jupiter_moid= {{Convert|2.48085|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| mean_diameter = {{val|43.68|4.1|ul=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|44.000|4.279|u=km}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|44|0.1|u=km}}<ref name="Magri-2007" /><br />{{val|45.15|0.62|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|45.72|7.82|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> |
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| tisserand= 3.492 |
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| rotation = {{val|80.088|0.002|ul=h}}<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /> |
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| albedo = {{val|0.2083|0.045}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.209|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.21|0.08}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.2106|0.0603}}<ref name="WISE" /> |
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| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.862<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.425<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| abs_magnitude = 9.12<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />9.14<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|9.26|0.09}}<ref name="Harris-1980b" /><br />{{val|9.3|0.1}}<ref name="Harris-1992" /> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Elsa''' ({{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}}; [[minor planet designation]]: '''182 Elsa''') is a Massalia or background [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|44|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer [[Johann Palisa]] at the [[Austrian Naval Observatory]] in today's Croatia.<ref name="MPC-object"/> The [[S-type asteroid]] has a very long [[rotation period]] of 80 hours and likely an elongated shape.<ref name="lcdb" /> The origin of its name is uncertain.<ref name="springer" /> |
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'''182 Elsa''' is a [[Asteroid belt|Main belt]] [[asteroid]] that was discovered by [[Johann Palisa]] on February 7, 1878.<ref name="IAU_MPC"/> The origin of the name is uncertain; it may be named after the character in the legend of [[Lohengrin]] perpetuated by [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Lohengrin (opera)|opera of the same name]]. Based upon its spectrum, it is classified as a stony [[S-type asteroid]]. |
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== Orbit and classification == |
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It [[rotate]]s very slowly; in 1980 its [[rotation period]] (or "day") was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days. In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites was used to build a complete [[light curve]] for the asteroid, which showed a period of 80.088 ± 0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 ± 0.03 in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]].<ref name="Pilcher2009"/> A possible [[natural satellite|companion]] has been proposed to explain the slow rotation. |
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''Elsa'' is a member of the [[Massalia family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#404|404]]}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> a very large inner belt [[asteroid family]] consisting of [[S-type asteroid|stony asteroids]].<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" /> In a different [[Hierarchical Clustering Method (asteroids)|HCM]]-study, however, it has been found to be a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /> |
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Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, [[Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids]], which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
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It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 9 months (1,371 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.19 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 2[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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During 2002, 109 Felicitas was observed by radar from the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44 ± 10 km. This is consistent with the asteroid dimensions computed through other means.<ref name="icarus186_1_126"/> |
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== |
== Naming == |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="IAU_MPC">{{Citation |
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| title = Numbered Minor Planets 1–5000 |
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| work = Discovery Circumstances |
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| publisher = IAU Minor Planet center |
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| url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html |
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| accessdate= 2013-04-07 |
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| postscript= . |
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}}</ref> |
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The origin of this [[minor planet]]'s name is uncertain.<ref name="springer" /> Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, [[Johann Palisa]].<ref name="springer" /> It may have been named after the character in the legend of [[Lohengrin]] perpetuated by [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Lohengrin (opera)|opera of the same name]].{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} It may also refer to the [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.<ref name="springer" /> |
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<ref name="JPL">{{Citation |
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| first1 = Donald K. |
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| last1 = Yeomans |
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| title = 182 Elsa |
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| work = JPL Small-Body Database Browser |
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| publisher = NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory |
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| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=182 |
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| accessdate= 6 May 2016 |
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| postscript= . |
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}}</ref> |
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== Physical characteristics == |
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<ref name="Pilcher2009">{{Citation |
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| last1 = Pilcher |
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| first1 = Frederick |
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| last2 = Benishek |
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| first2 = Vladimir |
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| last3 = Krajewski |
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| first3 = Richard |
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| display-authors = 1 |
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| title = Period Determination for 182 Elsa: A Collaboration Triumph |
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| work = The Minor Planet Bulletin |
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| volume = 36 |
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| issue = 2 |
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| pages = 57–60 40 |
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|date=April 2009 |
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| bibcode = 2009MPBu...36...40P |
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| postscript= . |
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}}</ref> |
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''Elsa'' has been characterized as a common, stony [[S-type asteroid]] in both the [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] and [[SMASS classification]].<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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<ref name="icarus186_1_126">{{citation |
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| last1=Magri |
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| first1=Christopher |
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| last2=Nolan |
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| first2=Michael C. |
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| last3=Ostro |
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| first3=Steven J. |
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| last4=Giorgini |
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| first4=Jon D. |
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| display-authors=1 |
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| title=A radar survey of main-belt asteroids: Arecibo observations of 55 objects during 1999–2003 |
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| journal=Icarus |
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| volume=186 |
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| issue=1 |
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| pages=126–151 |
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|date=January 2007 |
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| doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.018 |
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| bibcode=2007Icar..186..126M |
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}}</ref> |
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}} |
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=== Rotation period === |
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==External links== |
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The asteroid is a relatively [[List of slow rotators (minor planets)|slow rotator]].<ref name="lcdb" /> In 1980, its [[rotation period]] was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days.<ref name="Harris-1980b" /> In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites under the lead of [[Frederick Pilcher]] was used to build a complete [[lightcurve]] for the asteroid, which showed a period of {{val|80.088|0.002}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.30|0.03}} in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]]. A possible [[natural satellite|companion]] has been proposed to explain the slow rotation.<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /> Other period determinations gave similar results between 80.166 and 80.23 hours with an outlier by the [[Palomar Transient Factory]].<ref name="Chang-2014a" /><ref name="Durech-2009" /><ref name="Gandolfi-2009" />{{efn|name=lcdb-Durech-2011}} |
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Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, [[Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids]], which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
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=== Diameter and albedo === |
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According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Elsa'' measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.196 and 0.2106.<ref name="Marchis-2006c" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /> |
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During 2002, ''Elsa'' was also observed by radar from the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The return signal matched an effective diameter of {{val|44|10|ul=km}}.<ref name="Magri-2007" /> |
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== Notes == |
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{{notelist|refs= |
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{{efn|name=lcdb-Durech-2011|1=See summary figures for (182) Elsa at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=182%7CElsa LCDB].}} |
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}} <!-- end of notelist --> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist|30em|refs= |
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<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |
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|type = 2018-09-18 last obs. |
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|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 182 Elsa |
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|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000182 |
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|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
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|accessdate = 13 February 2019}}</ref> |
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<ref name="springer">{{cite book |
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|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |
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|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]] |
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|chapter = (182) Elsa |
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|page = 31 |
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|date = 2007 |
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|isbn = 978-3-540-29925-7 |
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|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_183}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |
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|title = 182 Elsa |
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|work = Minor Planet Center |
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|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=182 |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Magri-2007">{{Cite journal |
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|first1 = Christopher |last1 = Magri |
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|first2 = Michael C. |last2 = Nolan |
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|first3 = Steven J. |last3 = Ostro |
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|first4 = Jon D. |last4 = Giorgini |
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|date = January 2007 |
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|title = A radar survey of main-belt asteroids: Arecibo observations of 55 objects during 1999 2003 |
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|url = https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/MBAs/magri.etal.2007.mbas.pdf |
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|journal = Icarus |
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|volume = 186 |
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|issue = 1 |
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|pages = 126–151 |
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|bibcode = 2007Icar..186..126M |
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|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.018 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |
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|title = Asteroid 182 Elsa |
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|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |
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|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=182+Elsa |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book |
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|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |
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|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |
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|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |
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|date = December 2014 |
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|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |
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|title = Asteroids IV |
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|pages = 297–321 |
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|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |
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|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |
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|arxiv = 1502.01628|isbn = 9780816532131 |
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|s2cid = 119280014 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |
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|title = Asteroid (182) Elsa |
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|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |
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|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=182&pc=1.1.6 |
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|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |
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|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |
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|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |
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|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |
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|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |
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|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |
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|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |
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|date = August 2014 |
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|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |
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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
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|volume = 791 |
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|issue = 2 |
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|page = 11 |
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|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |
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|arxiv = 1406.6645|s2cid = 119293330 }}</ref> |
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<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web |
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|title = LCDB Data for (182) Elsa |
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|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |
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|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=182%7CElsa |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |
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|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |
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|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |
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|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |
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|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |
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|date = October 2004 |
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|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |
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|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |
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|journal = NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |
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|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 |
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|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |
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|accessdate = 13 February 2019}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Marchis-2006c">{{Cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = F. |last1 = Marchis |
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|first2 = M. |last2 = Kaasalainen |
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|first3 = E. F. Y. |last3 = Hom |
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|first4 = J. |last4 = Berthier |
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|first5 = J. |last5 = Enriquez |
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|first6 = D. |last6 = Hestroffer |
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|first7 = D. |last7 = Le Mignant |
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|first8 = I. |last8 = de Pater |
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|date = November 2006 |
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|title = Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey |
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|journal = Icarus |
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|volume = 185 |
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|issue = 1 |
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|pages = 39–63 |
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|bibcode = 2006Icar..185...39M |
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|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001 |
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|pmid = 19081813 |
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|pmc = 2600456}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |
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|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |
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|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |
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|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |
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|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |
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|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |
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|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |
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|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |
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|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |
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|date = September 2016 |
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|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |
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|journal = The Astronomical Journal |
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|volume = 152 |
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|issue = 3 |
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|page = 12 |
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|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |
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|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |
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|arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |
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|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |
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|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |
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|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |
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|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |
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|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |
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|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |
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|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |
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|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |
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|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |
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|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |
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|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |
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|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |
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|date = October 2011 |
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|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |
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|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |
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|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |
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|volume = 63 |
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|issue = 5 |
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|pages = 1117–1138 |
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|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |
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|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |
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|access-date= 17 October 2019|doi-access= |
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}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=182 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref> |
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<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |
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|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |
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|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |
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|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |
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|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |
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|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |
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|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |
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|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |
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|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |
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|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |
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|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |
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|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |
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|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |
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|date = November 2011 |
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|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results |
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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
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}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }}) |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books |
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* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center |
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* {{AstDys|182}} |
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* {{JPL small body}} |
* {{JPL small body}} |
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{{Minor planets navigator|181 Eucharis|number=182|183 Istria}} |
{{Minor planets navigator |181 Eucharis |number=182 |183 Istria}} |
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{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elsa}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Massalia asteroids|000182]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa]] |
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[[Category:Named minor planets]] |
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[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)|000182]] |
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[[Category:S-type asteroids (SMASS)|000182]] |
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[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1878|18780207]] |
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1878|18780207]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa|Elsa]] |
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[[Category:Numbered minor planets]] |
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[[Category:Minor planets named from literature|Elsa]] |
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[[Category:Named minor planets|Elsa]] |
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{{S-beltasteroid-stub}} |
![]()
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Elsa
| |
Discovery[1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | J. Palisa |
Discovery site | Austrian Naval Obs. |
Discovery date | 7 February 1878 |
Designations | |
(182) Elsa | |
Pronunciation | /ˈɛlzə/ |
Named after | uncertain; various suggestions[2] |
A878 CC; 1948 XS; 1950 HY | |
main-belt[1][3] · (inner) Massalia[4] · background[5] | |
Orbital characteristics[3] | |
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 114.68 yr (41,886 d) |
Aphelion | 2.8656 AU |
Perihelion | 1.9657 AU |
2.4156 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.1863 |
3.75 yr (1,371 d) | |
282.09° | |
0° 15m45s / day | |
Inclination | 2.0054° |
107.18° | |
310.85° | |
Physical characteristics | |
43.68±4.1 km[6] 44.000±4.279 km[7] 44±0.1 km[8] 45.15±0.62 km[9] 45.72±7.82 km[10] | |
80.088±0.002 h[11] | |
0.2083±0.045[6] 0.209±0.007[9] 0.21±0.08[10] 0.2106±0.0603[7] | |
Tholen = S[3] SMASS = S[3][12] B–V = 0.862[3] U–B = 0.425[3] | |
9.12[1][3][6][7][9][12] 9.14[10] 9.26±0.09[13] 9.3±0.1[14] | |
Elsa (/ˈɛlzə/; minor planet designation: 182 Elsa) is a Massalia or background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers (27 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory in today's Croatia.[1] The S-type asteroid has a very long rotation period of 80 hours and likely an elongated shape.[12] The origin of its name is uncertain.[2]
Elsa is a member of the Massalia family (404),[4] a very large inner belt asteroid family consisting of stony asteroids.[15] In a different HCM-study, however, it has been found to be a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[5]
It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,371 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]
The origin of this minor planet's name is uncertain.[2] Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, Johann Palisa.[2] It may have been named after the character in the legend of Lohengrin perpetuated by Richard Wagner's opera of the same name.[citation needed] It may also refer to the Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.[2]
Elsa has been characterized as a common, stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification.[3]
The asteroid is a relatively slow rotator.[12] In 1980, its rotation period was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days.[13] In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites under the lead of Frederick Pilcher was used to build a complete lightcurve for the asteroid, which showed a period of 80.088±0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30±0.03inmagnitude. A possible companion has been proposed to explain the slow rotation.[11] Other period determinations gave similar results between 80.166 and 80.23 hours with an outlier by the Palomar Transient Factory.[16][17][18][a]
Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids, which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope.
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Elsa measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.196 and 0.2106.[19][20][6][7][9][10]
During 2002, Elsa was also observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44±10 km.[8]